Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal display having high reliability, which is excellent in terms of optical characteristics, heat resistance, and shock resistance, wherein a liquid crystal display consisting of a cholesteric liquid crystal, a chiral nematic liquid crystal or a liquid crystal 1 layer, being a combination thereof, which is roughly pillar-like and polygonal in section or has a roughly pillar-like form enclosed by a closed curve, and divided by said polymer network into areas whose minimum diameter measured by vernier calipers is 5 &mgr;m and whose maximum diameter measured by vernier calipers is 100 &mgr;m, is obtained by polymer networks 4 formed by polymerization of monomer, so that sufficient reflection can be obtained from the liquid crystal 1 without being optical scattering.

Abstract: Single flat metal sheet blank in which thin metallic parts including side frames which are to form side walls, a shield plate and external lead and the like are connected together in a developed state in positional relationships necessary for the assembly of the high-density circuit module. A circuit board is then placed on one side of the shield plate of the flat metal sheet blank. Terminals having pedestals are formed on the shield plate. The terminals are inserted into holes formed in the circuit board and connected to conductors on the circuit board. Then, operations such as severance or bending are effected on selected connecting portions at which the thin metallic parts arranged in developed state are inter-connected, and required processings are executed on the portions to be jointed, whereby the circuit module is completed.

Abstract: A trimmed resistor is provided which has no directional feature when used and is easily mounted on a printed base board. In the trimmed resistor, there are formed four external electrodes arranged at peripheral portions of a rectangular insulation base plate in a point symmetrical distribution about a center of the insulation base plate, a film-like resistance body connected with all of the external electrodes, and a protective film covering the film-like resistance body. Two electrodes among the above-mentioned four electrodes are used as resistor terminals, and a cut slit for trimming is formed in the resistance body longitudinally or as starting from a side of the electrodes serving as resistor terminals.

Abstract: A high-density circuit module has a box shaped shielding case made from a plate blank which is bent to provide the shield case. A printed wiring board is placed on the bottom surface portion of the shielding case, and a plurality of electronic components are soldered to conductor lands of the printed wiring board. A plurality of externally connected leads are soldered to connection lands of the printed wiring board. A process for producing the high-density circuit module includes the steps of placing the printed wiring board on the blank, then soldering the electronic components and leads to the printed wiring board and then bending the blank to provide the shielding case. The plurality of externally connected leads are formed from a plurality of leads which are originally integrally connected to the bottom surface portion of the shielding case, by separating the plurality of leads form the bottom surface portion of the shielding case.

Abstract: A multi-layered liquid crystal display device is disclosed, which includes a stack of liquid crystal layers in which the longitudinal axes of the liquid crystal molecules extend spirally, the liquid crystal layers being disposed in parallel with the spiral axes. A voltage supply is provided for supplying a voltage to at least a portion of the liquid crystal layers for conversion of the molecular alignment. Also provided is a pair of polarizers for making visible the conversion of the molecular alignment. More particularly, the polarization direction of the polarizers or direction normal to the polarization direction is deflected within the range of 3.degree. to 15.degree. with respect to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal molecules in a sense to reduce the spiral angle of the liquid crystal layers and the deflection angle is substantially in alignment with the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a sandwich structure of support plates with a layer of liquid crystal filled therebetween. One support plate has an array of thin film transistors and thin film capacitors both formed thereon, while the other support plate has a counter electrode formed thereon. One of a pair of electrodes of each thin film capacitor on the one support plate is offset from the counter electrode at any area other than area where they form an effective capacitance element, the other the area where they form an effective capacitance element, the other capacitor electrodes serving as display electrodes.

Abstract: A fluorescent liquid crystal display device having a display area which comprises means for causing external excitation of the fluorescent liquid crystal display device, a fluorescent material which emits visible fluorescence, a liquid crystal material mixed with the fluorescent material, first means for preventing the propagation of the visible fluorescence toward a display area of the fluorescent liquid crystal display device while not being activated by the excitation means, and/or second means for enhancing the propagation of the visible fluorescence toward the display area of the same while being activated by the excitation means.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display device which is effective for the display of images particularly in a TV set and in which the liquid-crystal layer contains a dopant in a specific range of quantity and the substrates are adhered to each other and sealed by two resin layers in which the outer one is a thermoplastic polyamide and the inner one is a saturated polyester.

Abstract: In a multi-layer matrix type liquid crystal display panel having a stack of a plurality of liquid crystal display cells and matrix electrodes provided for a respective one of the liquid crystal display cells, all supports of the respective liquid crystal display cells are piled sequentially one on top of the other with its longitudinal length longer and its lateral length shorter, than the next sequential top support thereby allowing enough room on all sides for electrode connections.

Abstract: A photosensitive recording member is disposed above a twisted nematic field effect mode liquid crystal display cell for recording a light image formed by the twisted nematic field effect mode liquid crystal display cell. At least one of substrates which confronts the photosensitive recording member is made of a fiber plate including a plurality of optical fibers of which axes are perpendicular to the plane of a liquid crystal layer of the twisted nematic field effect mode liquid crystal display cell.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display cell includes two opposing substrates at least one of which is made of a highly polymerized transparent compound film. The transparent film is extended from the liquid crystal display cell. Wiring patterns are formed on the thus extended portion of the transparent film. Semiconductor circuit elements for driving the liquid crystal display cell are mounted on the extended portion of the transparent film and electrically connected to the wiring patterns.

Abstract: A method of forming a thin-film pattern such as a thin-film circuit component comprises successive formation of a first metal layer and then a photo resist layer on a substrate by the utilization of a photoetching technique. The substrate having the first metal layer and the photo resist layer on the top of the first metal layer is deposited with second metal layers which are discontinued from each other, one of the second metal layers being deposited on the top of the photo resist layer while the other of the second metal layers is deposited directly on the substrate around the first metal layer. The substrate assembly is then immersed into a solvent bath to remove the photo resist layer together with the second metal layer resting thereon and is thereafter immersed into an etchant bath to remove the first metal layer, leaving the second metal layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display TV includes a TV housing, and a reflective type liquid crystal display panel installed in the housing. A magnifying lens is disposed for magnifying an image on the display area and a support assembly is provided for supporting the magnifying lens to allow a space where the ambient light enters from above a display area of said liquid crystal display panel when the magnifying lens lens is in use. This arrangement allows full utilization of the ambient light for the optical performance of the liquid crystal display panel.

Abstract: A double-layered twisted nematic liquid crystal display device which comprises a double layered structure including first and second layers of liquid crystal, the molecules of said liquid crystal having their longitudinal axes which are twisted, the direction of twist in the first layer being different from that in the second layer and wherein the longitudinal axes of the liquid crystal molecules in each of the first and second layers are perpendicular to each other, an electrical power supply means for applying a voltage to one of the first and second layers for controlling the orientation of the molecules of the liquid crystal in the first layer, the other of said first and second layers serving as a compensator which compensates for interference coloring, and a polarizing means for visibly enhancing the orientation of the molecules of the liquid crystal in the first layer when the voltage is applied thereto.

Abstract: A twisted nematic liquid crystal display cell has two layers each containing a liquid crystal material. It is selected that the respective values of .DELTA.n.d, where .DELTA.n is the double refractive index of a liquid crystal layer and d is the thickness of a liquid crystal layer, deviate from each other, in connection with the two liquid crystal layers by about 5% to about 30%, more preferably, about 10% to about 20%. This leads to the advantage that coloration of transmission light owing to interference by double refraction is prevented.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device in which the redox layer of the counter-electrode is formed by burning a mixture of a self-film-forming compound such as manganese nitrate and a carbon type electroconductive material such as non-woven fabric of carbon fibers without use of any binder.

Abstract: A thin film transistor comprising a substrate having source and drain electrodes formed thereon, a semiconductor layer making contact in part with the source electrode and in part with the drain electrode, a gate electrode, and a gate insulating layer positioned between the semiconductor layer and the gate electrode is disclosed. A portion of the drain electrode is held in overlapping relation to a portion of the gate electrode while a portion of the source electrode is spaced apart from said gate electrode.

Abstract: A fluorescent liquid crystal display of the type for reflecting radiation comprises a fluorescent material contained within a liquid crystal material for providing fluorescence in response to absorbance, and a filter element for reflecting at least one of the fluorescence and the absorbance and, if necessary, for showing low reflection in connection with radiation except for the at least one of the fluorescence and the absorbance to thereby enhance display contrast of the display.

Abstract: A fluorescent liquid crystal display of the type where light is permeable comprises a fluorescent material contained within a liquid crystal material for providing fluorescence, an exciting source for dispersing exciting radiation to stimulate the fluorescent material, a wavelength band of the fluorescence being apart from that of the exciting radiation to be absorbed by the fluorescent material, and filter means for controlling the propagation of the exciting radiation to enhance display contrast of the fluorescent liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A display device includes a combined dynamic scattering mode and twisted nematic mode cell structure including at least one first display electrode oriented in a first direction and a plurality of second display electrodes in a second direction. The plurality of second display electrodes oriented are supplied with a plurality of scanning signals of sequentially shifted phases with polarity inverted at a predetermined interval of time, whereas the first electrode is supplied with frame signals indicative of information to be displayed and having polarity inverted at the predetermined interval. In order to minimize variations in the threshold level of the display device, a plurality of pulse signals having a pulse width shorter than the pulse width of said scanning signals are added to the frame signals.