Abstract: A manufacturing method of a coil spring for an automobile suspension includes forming a material into a coil shape; performing a heat treatment step on the material; performing a warm shot peening step on the material, and performing a hot setting step on the material. By performing the warm shot peening step prior to the hot setting step, a stronger compressive residual stress is imparted in a direction along which a large tensile stress acts during actual use of the coil spring, thereby improving sag resistance and durability of the coil spring. A coil spring is also manufactured according to this method.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The negative electrode includes a coating derived from lithium bis(oxalate)borate. The coating derived from lithium bis(oxalate)borate includes a coating containing boron element and a coating containing oxalate ion. A ratio of the boron element contained in the coating derived from lithium bis(oxalate)borate to the oxalate ion is equal to or more than 5. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of reliably obtaining the effect due to the formation of a coating.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium ion secondary battery capable of improving charge/discharge cycle characteristics or durability such as high-temperature storability, while suppressing deterioration in initial performance, and a manufacturing method thereof. The lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention includes an electrode serving as a cathode or an anode including an electrode layer containing an active material. At least a part of a surface of the active material is coated with lithium halide (X) having a low ionic bonding property and a peak strength ratio P1/P2 of less than 2.0 between a peak strength P1 in the vicinity of 60 eV and a peak strength P2 in the vicinity of 70 eV in a Li-XAFS measurement.

Abstract: The method for producing a lithium ion secondary battery includes: selecting a positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and separator sheet; constructing an electrode assembly by superimposing the selected sheets; and housing the above electrode assembly in a battery case along with an electrolyte solution. In the method, at least one of the sheets is selected such that it satisfies the relationship 0.8<a/b<1.5 where a and b represent the slopes of straight lines respectively that are determined in tests under the respective conditions of (1) a high-rate loading-unloading cycle and (2) a low-rate loading-unloading cycle.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery 100 is configured such that an electrode body 20, in which a cathode and an anode are stacked via a separator impregnated with an electrolyte, is housed in a battery case 10 having a substantially cylindrical square shape and that an opening 12 of the case 10 is blocked by a lid 14. Further, the lid 14 is provided with a cathode terminal 38 and an anode terminal 48, and such terminals are respectively connected, inside the battery case 10, to an internal cathode collection terminal 37 and an internal anode collection terminal 47. A non-aqueous electrolyte used for the lithium secondary battery 100 contains, as a specific compound, for example, LiBOB, and an initial content of such specific compound relative to a capacitance of the anode is 0.04 to 0.5 [(mol/kg)/(mF/cm2)].

Abstract: When injecting fuel from a direct injector and a port injector such that a requested fuel injection amount is obtained in an internal combustion engine, the direct injector is driven in the following manner. That is, after a target fuel injection amount for the fuel injection with the higher priority among fuel injection in the late stage of an intake stroke and fuel injection in the early stage of the intake stroke in the direct injector has been set on the basis of the engine operating condition, the target fuel injection amount for the fuel injection with the lower priority is set on the basis of the engine operating condition. Moreover, the direction injector is driven in such a manner that the target fuel injection amount for each of the abovementioned fuel injections set in this manner is obtained.

Abstract: When injecting fuel from a direct injector and a port injector such that a requested fuel injection amount for an internal combustion engine is reached, the direct injector is driven in the following manner. That is, target fuel injection amounts are set on the basis of the engine operating state in order from the fuel injection with the highest priority among fuel injection in a compression stroke, fuel injection in the late stage of an intake stroke, and fuel injection in the early stage of the intake stroke in the direct injector, and the abovementioned setting continues until the total value of the target fuel injection amounts reaches the requested fuel injection amount. Moreover, the direct injector is driven in such a manner that the target fuel injection amounts for each of the abovementioned fuel injections set in this manner are obtained.

Abstract: When injecting fuel from a direct injector and a port injector such that a requested fuel injection amount is obtained in an internal combustion engine, the direct injector is driven in the following manner. After a target fuel injection amount for the fuel injection with the higher priority among fuel injection in the late stage of a compression stroke and fuel injection in the early stage of an intake stroke in the direct injector has been set on the basis of the engine operating condition, the target fuel injection amount for the fuel injection with the lower priority is set on the basis of the engine operating condition. Moreover, the direct injector is driven in such a manner that the target fuel injection amount for each of the abovementioned fuel injections set in this manner is obtained.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The negative electrode includes a coating derived from lithium bis(oxalate)borate. Assuming that an intensity of a peak attributable to a three-coordinate structure of the coating measured by an XAFS method is represented by a and an intensity of a peak attributable to a four-coordinate structure of the coating measured by the XAFS method is represented by ?, the coating formed on the surface of the negative electrode satisfies a condition of ?/(?+?)?0.4. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of reliably obtaining the effect due to the formation of a coating.

Abstract: A high-strength spring steel and a spring are provided that have superior corrosion fatigue strength. The spring steel comprises, in mass percent, 0.35-0.55% C, 1.60-3.00% Si, 0.20-1.50% Mn, 0.10-1.50% Cr, and at least one of 0.40-3.00% Ni, 0.05-0.50% Mo and 0.05-0.50% V, the balance being substantially Fe and incidental elements and impurities.

Abstract: A air-fuel ratio control apparatus, applied to an internal combustion engine having a catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the engine, includes a downstream air-fuel ratio sensor (oxygen concentration cell type oxygen concentration sensor) disposed at a position downstream of the catalyst, and air-fuel ratio control means for controlling, based on an output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor, an air-fuel ratio of a mixture supplied to the engine so as to change an air-fuel ratio of a catalyst inflow gas. Further, the air-fuel ratio control means controls the air-fuel ratio of the mixture supplied to the engine.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolytic solution secondary battery includes: a positive electrode; a negative electrode provided with a negative electrode active material layer containing at least a negative electrode active material; a nonaqueous electrolytic solution; and a coat containing phosphorus (P) atoms formed on a surface of the negative electrode active material, in which a ratio of an amount of phosphorus atoms per unit area of the negative electrode active material layer Mp with respect to a capacitance per unit area of the negative electrode active material layer Cdl (Mp/Cdl ratio) is 0.79 ?mol/mF?Mp/Cdl?1.21 ?mol/mF.

Abstract: A spring steel and spring having superior corrosion fatigue strength and a strength on the order of HRC 53 to HRC 56 are disclosed. The spring steel comprises a tempered martensite and 2.1 to 2.4% Si in terms of percent by mass of the total mass of the spring steel.

Abstract: The present application provides a high strength spring steel and a high strength spring that have superior corrosion fatigue strength. The spring steel comprises, in terms of percent by mass, 0.35-0.55% C, 1.60-3.00% Si, 0.20-1.50% Mn, 0.10-1.50% Cr and at least one element selected from 0.40-3.00% Ni, 0.05-0.50% Mo 0.05-0.50% V, the balance being at least substantially Fe and incidental elements and impurities.

Abstract: The method for producing a lithium ion secondary battery includes: selecting a positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and separator sheet; constructing an electrode assembly by superimposing the selected sheets; and housing the above electrode assembly in a battery case along with an electrolyte solution. In the method, at least one of the sheets is selected such that it satisfies the relationship 0.8<a/b<1.5 where a and b represent the slopes of straight lines respectively that are determined in tests under the respective conditions of (1) a high-rate loading-unloading cycle and (2) a low-rate loading-unloading cycle.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (100) includes: an electrode body (150) including a positive electrode plate (155), a negative electrode plate (156), and a separator (157); and a non-aqueous electrolyte contained inside the electrode body (150). The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (100) further includes a reservoir member (170) defining a reservoir space (S1, S2) located adjacent to an end face (150j, 150k) of the electrode body (150), the reservoir space being used to hold the non-aqueous electrolyte forced out of the electrode body (150) through the end face (150j, 150k) of the electrode body (150).

Abstract: In a hydraulic actuator control device, a changing tendency of responsiveness of a hydraulic actuator to changes in the oil control valve (OCV) drive duty of a virtual OCV is stored as model control characteristics. The ratio of an actual OCV dead zone width to a virtual OCV dead zone width is calculated as an OCV variation correction coefficient. A basic control amount is calculated based on a deviation between an operating amount and a target operating amount of the hydraulic actuator. An actual OCV in-dead-zone control amount is obtained by correcting a virtual OCV in-dead-zone control amount with the OCV variation correction coefficient, and an actual OCV out-of-dead-zone control amount is calculated based on a virtual OCV out-of-dead-zone control amount. The actual OCV control amount is the sum of the actual OCV in-dead-zone control amount and the actual OCV out-of-dead-zone control amount.

Abstract: A air-fuel ratio control apparatus, applied to an internal combustion engine having a catalyst disposed in an exhaust passage of the engine, includes a downstream air-fuel ratio sensor (oxygen concentration cell type oxygen concentration sensor) disposed at a position downstream of the catalyst, and air-fuel ratio control means for controlling, based on an output value of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor, an air-fuel ratio of a mixture supplied to the engine so as to change an air-fuel ratio of a catalyst inflow gas. Further, the air-fuel ratio control means controls the air-fuel ratio of the mixture supplied to the engine.

Abstract: In an electrode body for use in non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a first end of a separator is located more interiorly than one positive electrode end of a positive electrode plate in a width direction, located more exteriorly than one end of a coated positive electrode portion of the positive electrode plate, and located more exteriorly than one end of a coated negative electrode portion of a negative electrode plate. The first end of the separator is thicker than an intermediate portion. A second end of the separator is located more interiorly than an other negative electrode end of the negative electrode plate in the width direction, located more exteriorly than the other end of the coated positive electrode portion of the positive electrode plate, and located more exteriorly than an other end of the coated negative electrode portion of the negative electrode plate. The second end of the separator is thicker than the intermediate portion.

Abstract: The present application provides a high strength spring steel and a high strength spring that have superior corrosion fatigue strength. The spring steel comprises, in terms of percent by mass, 0.35-0.55% C, 1.60-3.00% Si, 0.20-1.50% Mn, 0.10-1.50% Cr and at least one element selected from 0.40-3.00% Ni, 0.05-0.50% Mo 0.05-0.50% V, the balance being at least substantially Fe and incidental elements and impurities.