Abstract: A display device includes an optical region containing a plurality of pigment grains. Each of the plurality of pigment grains formed by a plurality of pigment molecules encapsulated in an inorganic material, and each of the plurality of pigment grains has a grain size not greater than 70 nm.

Abstract: A display device includes an optical region containing a plurality of pigment grains. Each of the plurality of pigment grains formed by a plurality of pigment molecules encapsulated in an inorganic material, and each of the plurality of pigment grains has a grain size not greater than 70 nm.

Abstract: In a display device comprising an optical region containing a plurality of pigment grains utilized for wavelength selection, anti-reflection, improvement of the light emitting performance and the like, dyestuff molecules utilized for forming the pigment grains to be dissolved in a solvent in which the dyestuff molecules are insoluble originally are chemically modified, and then the solubility of the modified dyestuff molecules in the solvent is reduced by energy transfer thereto to aggregate the dyestuff molecules, so that grain sizes of pigment grains are suitably controlled for the optical region in accordance with its use.

Abstract: A high definition display apparatus having a wavelength selective absorption effect and an anti-static and anti-reflection effect is provided by thin films having a low resistance and a high refractive index. The high definition display apparatus has an anti-static and anti-reflection film composed of laminated oxide or metallic thin films, wherein at least three layers of oxide or metallic films having different reflectance from each other are laminated onto the front surf ace of the display apparatus, and the laminated films are composed such that an absorbing film containing coloring material is arranged under a high reflectance film as seen from the outer surface of the laminated films.

Abstract: The present invention provides a film for use in organic EL device, having a sufficient gas-barrier property for protection of organic EL device, and an organic EL device structure using such a film. That is, the present invention provides a film for use in organic EL device, made of an organic inorganic hybrid material whose molecules have an organic skeletal moiety and an inorganic skeletal moiety and contain fluorine group and siloxane group.

Abstract: In a display device comprising a optical region containing a plurality of pigment grains utilized for wavelength selection, anti-reflection, improvement for light emitting performance or else, the present invention chemically modifies dyestuff molecules utilized for forming the pigment grains to be dissolved in a solvent in which the dyestuff molecules are insoluble originally, and then reduces solubility of the modified dyestuff molecules in the solvent by energy transfer thereto to aggregate the dyestuff molecules, so that grain sizes of pigment grains are suitably controlled for the optical region in accordance with its use.

Abstract: A ferroelectric element having a high Pr and a low Ec and having a good withstand voltage, which is in the form of a thin film using a ferroelectric layer containing insulating particles, is provided. The ferroelectric layer containing the insulating particles is effective to suppress leakage current caused through grain boundaries of crystals, and hence to exhibit a high Pr and a low Ec and a good withstand voltage. The ferroelectric element has a structure in which such a ferroelectric layer in the form of a thin film is sandwiched between electrodes. By incorporating the ferroelectric element in a field effect transistor structure, it is possible to realize a highly integrated semiconductor device for detecting reading or writing.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube includes a film which is formed on an outer surface of a panel portion. The film is comprised of a first particles which become transparent due to the oxidation and a second particles which are chemically and physically stable and have the light absorbing ability and the conductivity. A number of the transparent first particles is gradually increased toward a peripheral portion from the center portion of the panel portion.

Abstract: A display device substrate which meets requirements for weight reduction, thickness reduction, high reliability, good heat resistance, and good impact resistance all at once. The display device substrate is composed of a pair of glass sheets facing each other and a layer of plastics material interposed between said paired glass sheets in such a way that said glass sheets have an internal compressive strain ascribed to the plastic sheet. Thus, the very thin glass sheets are hardly liable to breakage. This makes light weight and reduced thickness compatible with reliability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a film for use in organic EL device, having a sufficient gas-barrier property for protection of organic EL device, and an organic EL device structure using such a film. That is, the present invention provides a film for use in organic EL device, made of an organic inorganic hybrid material whose molecules have an organic skeletal moiety and an inorganic skeletal moiety and contain fluorine group and siloxane group.

Abstract: A display device substrate which meets requirements for weight reduction, thickness reduction, high reliability, good heat resistance, and good impact resistance all at once. The display device substrate is composed of a pair of glass sheets facing each other and a layer of plastics material interposed between said paired glass sheets in such a way that said glass sheets have an internal compressive strain ascribed to the plastic sheet. Thus, the very thin glass sheets are hardly liable to breakage. This makes light weight and reduced thickness compatible with reliability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a film for use in organic EL device, having a sufficient gas-barrier property for protection of organic EL device, and an organic EL device structure using such a film. That is, the present invention provides a film for use in organic EL device, made of an organic inorganic hybrid material whose molecules have an organic skeletal moiety and an inorganic skeletal moiety and contain fluorine group and siloxane group.

Abstract: A display device substrate which meets requirements for weight reduction, thickness reduction, high reliability, good heat resistance, and good impact resistance all at one once. The display device substrate is composed of a pair of glass sheets facing each other and a layer of plastics material interposed between said paired glass sheets in such a way that said glass sheets have an internal compressive strain ascribed to the plastic sheet. Thus, the very thin glass sheets are hardly liable to breakage. This makes light weight and reduced thickness compatible with reliability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a film for use in organic EL device, having a sufficient gas-barrier property for protection of organic EL device, and an organic EL device structure using such a film. That is, the present invention provides a film for use in organic EL device, made of an organic inorganic hybrid material whose molecules have an organic skeletal moiety and an inorganic skeletal moiety and contain fluorine group and siloxane group.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube includes a film which is formed on an outer surface of a panel portion. The film is comprised of a first particles which become transparent due to the oxidation and a second particles which are chemically and physically stable and have the light absorbing ability and the conductivity. A number of the transparent first particles is gradually increased toward a peripheral portion from the center portion of the panel portion.

Abstract: A display device having a surface treating film formed on the outer surface of a substrate of the display device, said surface treating film having a property of changing light transmittance or refractive index by light or UV rays, and/or containing a compound which can be deposited by irradiation with light, shows excellent antireflective antistatic properties and low surface resistance, and can be applied to flat cathode-ray tubes.

Abstract: A ferroelectric element is provided that can be highly densely integrated having a high Pr and a small Ec by using a ferroelectric thin film of the perovskite structure. A large distortion is imparted to the crystalline lattices of a ferroelectric thin film of the perovskite structure by using in combination elements having dissimilar ionic radii for the A-site that constitutes crystalline lattices, for the B-site and for the C-site that produces polarization, in order to obtain a ferroelectric element of a structure in which the ferroelectric thin film exhibiting a high spontaneous polarization and a small coersive electric field is sandwiched by the electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a functional film composed of an organic film having a low heat resistance and an inorganic thin film in which functional particles such as photocatalytic particles or conductive particles are dispersed, the inorganic thin film being formed on the organic film. The functional film is stuck on the surface of, for example, a CRT display with a pressure-sensitive adhesive or the like for simply securing antireflection and antistatic effects of the CRT display. The functional film including an inorganic thin film in which photocatalytic particles are dispersed, is stuck on wallpaper or the like for simply securing deodorant and stainproofing effects of the wallpaper.

Abstract: A method of treating a metal alkoxide solution to form metal oxide prepolymer molecules therein is characterized by irradiating the solution with light energy having a wavelength selected to break the metal-alkoxy group bond in said metal alkoxide, thereby to form the metal oxide prepolymer molecules in the solution. The prepolymer is converted into polymeric metal oxide gel. The stoichiometry of the oxide is high. A gel of carbon content below 4 atomic % can be achieved by the step of decarbonizing the gel, preferably using light to produce ozone.

Abstract: An anti-reflection film is produced on the panel surface of a cathode-ray tube by:(A) preparing a solution for forming an anti-reflection film, which contains water and a metal alkoxide having the formula,M(OR).sub.nwherein M is a metal selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Al, Zr, Sn, In, Sb and Zn; R is an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms; n is an integer of from 1 to 8; and when n is not 1, the alkyl groups represented by R may be the same or different,(B) coating the solution for forming an anti-reflection film on the outermost surface of the panel of a cathode-ray tube, and(C) applying an ultraviolet light to the solution for forming an anti-reflection film coated on said surface to cure the solution to form a transparent film with fine roughness.