Abstract: An electrochemical measurement method for electrochemically measuring a chemical substance generated or consumed in a biological sample in a solution is provided which includes performing measurement by placing the biological sample at a distance away from an electrode surface in the direction perpendicular to the electrode surface. The distance is determined in advance on the basis of simulation in which a current flows through a working electrode.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement method is provided in which a working electrode that causes an oxidation-reduction reaction with a measurement target and a counter electrode connected to the working electrode are provided in an electrolytic solution containing the measurement target, and a measuring voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode to measure a current that flows between the working electrode and the counter electrode in proportion to the amount of the measurement target, wherein an eliminating electrode is provided in the electrolytic solution, and the method performs: eliminating the measurement target by applying an eliminating voltage, which has the same polarity as the measuring voltage, between the eliminating electrode and the counter electrode to oxidize or reduce the measurement target; diffusing a new measurement target; and measuring the current by applying the measuring voltage between the working electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: An electrode chip including one auxiliary cell and a plurality of measurement cells on a substrate, where the auxiliary cell includes a reference electrode, a counter electrode, and an auxiliary cell-side working electrode, the measurement cell includes a driving electrode and a measurement cell-side working electrode, and the auxiliary cell-side working electrode and the measurement cell-side working electrode are electrically connected.

Abstract: An ingestible sensor according to an embodiment includes a sensor, a detector, and a transmitter and to be mixed with food and discharged without being digested or absorbed also when entering the inside of a body. The sensor is configured to detect a predetermined substance disposed inside the body. The detector is configured to detect whether or not the sensor has entered the inside of the body. The transmitter is configured to transmit information of the predetermined substance detected by the sensor to a communication device disposed outside the body based on a detection of an entrance of the sensor into the inside of the body that is made by the detector.

Abstract: A hydrogel is formed by a reaction which is induced, in an electrolytic solution, by an electrode product electrochemically generated by electrodes installed in the electrolytic solution. An apparatus including an electrolytic tank with a bottom surface on which a two-dimensional array of working electrodes is provided and a counter electrode installed in the electrolytic tank is prepared. An electrolytic solution containing a dissolved substance that causes electrolytic deposition of a hydrogel is housed in the electrolytic tank. By applying a predetermined voltage to one or more selected working electrodes of the two-dimensional array, a hydrogel with a two-dimensional pattern corresponding to the arrangement of the selected working electrodes is formed.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement device for measuring a chemical substance generated or consumed in a biological sample in a solution includes electrode surfaces, a spacer, and at least one wall plate. The electrode surfaces, the spacer, and the wall plate are arranged on the same flat surface. Each of the electrode surfaces has a diameter del not more than 80 ??m. A height of the spacer has a predetermined value within a range given by h=21.8(del+0.8)/(del+9.7)±5[?m]. The spacer has a structure in which an enclosed three-dimensional region is not formed by the biological sample, the flat surface, and the spacer while the biological sample is in contact with the spacer. The wall plate has a property of being impervious to a dissolved substance in the solution and has a height not less than the height of the spacer. Two of the electrode surfaces are separated by the wall plate.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement method is provided in which a working electrode and a counter electrode are provided in an electrolytic solution containing the measurement target and a measuring voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode to measure a current flowing between the working electrode and the counter electrode in proportion to the amount of the measurement target. A measurement target eliminating thin-wire electrode made of thin wire stretched in such a shape that extends from one point on the bottom into space in the electrolytic solution well and back to another point on the bottom is provided. The electrochemical measurement method includes: eliminating the measurement target by applying an eliminating voltage having the same polarity as the measuring voltage between the measurement target eliminating thin-wire electrode and the counter electrode; and diffusing a new measurement target after stopping the application of the eliminating voltage.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a means for making highly sensitive and stable measurements possible using electrochemical measurement methods. This problem is resolved by providing: a labeling substance represented by general formula (1) and used to label a substrate; a measurement substrate that is formed by being labeled using the labeling substance; a method of measuring using electrochemical measurement methods that use the measurement substrate; and a reagent kit that includes as components the labeling substance and/or the measurement substrate. (In general formula (1), R1 is either H or an alkyl group (CmH2m+1), m is an integer of 1-4, R2 is an alkyl group (CnH2n+1), and n is an integer of 1-4.

Abstract: An electrode tip including one auxiliary cell and a plurality of measurement cells on a substrate, where the auxiliary cell includes a reference electrode, a counter electrode, and an auxiliary cell-side working electrode, the measurement cell includes a driving electrode and a measurement cell-side working electrode, and the auxiliary cell-side working electrode and the measurement cell-side working electrode are electrically connected.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement method for electrochemically measuring a chemical substance generated or consumed in a biological sample in a solution is provided which includes performing measurement by placing the biological sample at a distance away from an electrode surface in the direction perpendicular to the electrode surface. The distance is determined in advance on the basis of simulation in which a current flowing through a working electrode.

Abstract: In an electrochemical imaging method of, by applying voltages between working electrodes arranged in a measurement area and a counter electrode and causing the working electrodes to perform a redox reaction by giving and reception of electrons to and from a plurality of measurement target substances generated or consumed by a sample in an electrolytic solution to measure currents that flow through the individual electrodes, imaging images of density distributions of the measurement target substances based on distributions of the currents in the measurement area, the working electrodes are arranged in the measurement area in a manner of being arranged uniformly in each of a plurality of working electrode groups, each of the working electrode groups comprising a plurality of working electrodes, and in a manner of being mutually mixed; applied voltages specified for the working electrode groups, respectively, are simultaneously applied between the working electrodes and the counter electrode; any two working ele

Abstract: An ingestible sensor according to an embodiment includes a sensor, a detector, and a transmitter and to be mixed with food and discharged without being digested or absorbed also when entering the inside of a body. The sensor is configured to detect a predetermined substance disposed inside the body. The detector is configured to detect whether or not the sensor has entered the inside of the body. The transmitter is configured to transmit information of the predetermined substance detected by the sensor to a communication device disposed outside the body based on a detection of an entrance of the sensor into the inside of the body that is made by the detector.

Abstract: A health information processing apparatus according to an embodiment includes an accumulation unit, an analysis unit, and an estimation unit. The accumulation unit that stores genome information and biological information and behavior information being continuously collected, which are health information of each user, that correspond to a plurality of users. The analysis unit that analyzes the stored health information corresponding to the plurality of users. The estimation unit that estimates a future health risk of a predetermined user by using a result of the analysis and the health information of the predetermined user.

Abstract: An electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip includes an insulation sheet having an insulating property and including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to each other in a thickness direction, and electrode members having a conductivity and held by the insulation sheet with the electrode members piercing the insulation sheet in a thickness direction, one ends of the electrode members located on the top surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to an analyte, the other ends located on the bottom surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to an electrodes of a transducer.

Abstract: An electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip includes an insulation sheet having an insulating property and including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to each other in a thickness direction, and electrode members having a conductivity and held by the insulation sheet with the electrode members piercing the insulation sheet in a thickness direction, one ends of the electrode members located on the top surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to an analyte, the other ends located on the bottom surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to an electrodes of a transducer, at least the one ends of the electrode members being made of a mixture of conductive particles and an insulating material.

Abstract: An electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip includes an insulation sheet having an insulating property and including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to each other in a thickness direction, and electrode members having a conductivity and held by the insulation sheet in portions piercing the insulation sheet in a thickness direction, one ends of the electrode members located on the top surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to the analyte, other ends located on the bottom surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to the electrodes of the transducer, recesses for trapping the analyte being formed in the top surface of the insulation sheet so as to correspond to the electrode members, the one ends of the electrode members being exposed at a bottom of the recesses.

Abstract: An electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip includes an insulation sheet having an insulating property and including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to each other in a thickness direction, and electrode members having a conductivity and held by the insulation sheet in portions piercing the insulation sheet in a thickness direction, one ends of the electrode members located on the top surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to the analyte, other ends located on the bottom surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to the electrodes of the transducer, recesses for trapping the analyte being formed in the top surface of the insulation sheet so as to correspond to the electrode members, the one ends of the electrode members being exposed at a bottom of the recesses.

Abstract: An electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip includes an insulation sheet having an insulating property and including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to each other in a thickness direction, and electrode members having a conductivity and held by the insulation sheet with the electrode members piercing the insulation sheet in a thickness direction, one ends of the electrode members located on the top surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to an analyte, the other ends located on the bottom surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to an electrodes of a transducer, at least the one ends of the electrode members being made of a mixture of conductive particles and an insulating material.

Abstract: An electrode device for an electrochemical sensor chip includes an insulation sheet having an insulating property and including a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to each other in a thickness direction, and electrode members having a conductivity and held by the insulation sheet with the electrode members piercing the insulation sheet in a thickness direction, one ends of the electrode members located on the top surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to an analyte, the other ends located on the bottom surface side of the insulation sheet being connected to an electrodes of a transducer.

Abstract: Provided is a method for cell patterning, using an electrode substrate including a plurality of electrodes and a cell culture substrate disposed so as to face the electrode substrate, the method comprising the steps of: introducing a cell suspension containing cells into a region between the electrode substrate and the cell culture substrate; applying a voltage to the electrodes to generate a non-uniform electric field in the region; and arranging the cells at a position with low electric field strength on the cell culture substrate by utilizing negative dielectrophoresis so as to obtain the cell culture substrate on which the cells are arranged in a predetermined pattern.