Abstract: An optical system is configured to include a plurality of lenses such that a final lens closest to an image side of the lenses includes a lens surface having a pole and that the following conditional expression is satisfied: 0.20<k/h<0.50, where k is the height of the pole from an optical axis, and h is the effective radius of the lens surface having a pole. The optical system can be used for an optical apparatus, such as a camera 1.

Abstract: The control device includes a control unit that controls power supply from a main battery of the vehicle to a sub battery, and a calculation unit that calculates an estimated value of a full charge capacity of the main battery. When the error between the full charge capacity and the estimated value is larger than the predetermined value, the control unit calculates a power supply duration in which the power supply of the sub-battery to the load continues while the power supply is stopped, and a required time for eliminating the polarization of the main battery, and stops the power supply when the power supply duration is equal to or longer than the required time. The calculation unit calculates a voltage after a required time has elapsed since the power supply is stopped. After the voltage is calculated, the control unit resumes the power supply.

Abstract: A zoom optical system (ZL) comprises, in order from an object: a first lens group (G1) having a positive refractive power; and a second lens group (G2) having a negative refractive power, wherein upon zooming, a distance between the adjacent lens groups changes. The zoom optical system further comprises an aperture stop(S) disposed closer to an image than the second lens group (G2, and satisfies the following conditional expression: 0.1 < Df / Dr < 0 . 9 ? 0 where Df: a distance to the aperture stop from a lens surface of the zoom optical system closest to an object in a wide angle end state, and Dr: a distance from the aperture stop to a lens surface of the zoom optical system closest to the image in the wide angle end state.

Abstract: An optical system (LS) has an aperture stop (S), and a positive lens (L4) disposed closer to the object side than the aperture stop (S). The positive lens (L4) satisfies the following conditional expressions. ?0.010<ndP1?(2.015?0.0068×?dP1) 50.00<?dP1<65.00 0.545<?gFP1 ?0.010<?gFP1?(0.6418?0.00168×?dP1) where ndP1 is the refractive index to the d line of the positive lens, ?dP1 is the Abbe number with respect to the d line of the positive lens, and ?gFP1 is the partial dispersion ratio of the positive lens.

Abstract: A zoom optical system (ZL), comprises, in order from an object: a first lens group (G1) having a positive refractive power; a second lens group (G2) having a negative refractive power; a third lens group (G3) having a positive refractive power; a fourth lens group (G4) having a positive refractive power; a fifth lens group (G5); and a sixth lens group (G6). In the zoom optical system, upon zooming, a distance between the adjacent lens groups changes. The zoom optical system satisfies the following conditional expression. 1. < Mv ? 4 / Mv ? 3 < 3 . 0 ? 0 where Mv3: an amount of movement of the third lens group upon zooming from a wide angle end state to a telephoto end state (a sign of the amount of movement toward an object is shown as +), and Mv4: an amount of movement of the fourth lens group upon zooming from the wide angle end state to the telephoto end state (the sign of the amount of movement toward an object is shown as +).

Abstract: Comprising, in order from an object side: a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, a fourth lens group having positive refractive power, and a fifth lens group having negative refractive power; upon varying a magnification, the first lens group being fixed with respect to the image plane, and each distance between the neighboring lens groups being varied; upon focusing, at least a portion of the fourth lens group being moved; and predetermined conditional expression(s) being satisfied, thereby variations in various aberrations upon varying magnification being superbly suppressed.

Abstract: A zoom optical system (ZL), comprises, in order from an object: a first lens group (G1) having a positive refractive power; a second lens group (G2) having a negative refractive power; a third lens group (G3) having a positive refractive power; a fourth lens group (G4) having a positive refractive power; a fifth lens group (G5); and a sixth lens group (G6). In the zoom optical system, upon zooming, a distance between the adjacent lens groups changes. The zoom optical system satisfies the following conditional expression. 1.00<Mv4/Mv3<3.00 where Mv3: an amount of movement of the third lens group upon zooming from a wide angle end state to a telephoto end state (a sign of the amount of movement toward an object is shown as +), and Mv4: an amount of movement of the fourth lens group upon zooming from the wide angle end state to the telephoto end state (the sign of the amount of movement toward an object is shown as +).

Abstract: Comprising, in order from an object side: a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, a fourth lens group having positive refractive power, and a fifth lens group having negative refractive power; upon varying a magnification, the first lens group being fixed with respect to the image plane, and each distance between the neighboring lens groups being varied; upon focusing, at least a portion of the fourth lens group being moved; and predetermined conditional expression(s) being satisfied, thereby variations in various aberrations upon varying magnification being superbly suppressed.

Abstract: The control device includes a control unit that controls power supply from a main battery of the vehicle to a sub battery, and a calculation unit that calculates an estimated value of a full charge capacity of the main battery. When the error between the full charge capacity and the estimated value is larger than the predetermined value, the control unit calculates a power supply duration in which the power supply of the sub-battery to the load continues while the power supply is stopped, and a required time for eliminating the polarization of the main battery, and stops the power supply when the power supply duration is equal to or longer than the required time. The calculation unit calculates a voltage after a required time has elapsed since the power supply is stopped. After the voltage is calculated, the control unit resumes the power supply.

Abstract: A zoom optical system (ZL) comprises, in order from an object: a first lens group (G1) having a positive refractive power; and a second lens group (G2) having a negative refractive power, wherein upon zooming, a distance between the adjacent lens groups changes. The zoom optical system further comprises an aperture stop (S) disposed closer to an image than the second lens group (G2, and satisfies the following conditional expression: 0.10<Df/Dr<0.90 where Df: a distance to the aperture stop from a lens surface of the zoom optical system closest to an object in a wide angle end state, and Dr: a distance from the aperture stop to a lens surface of the zoom optical system closest to the image in the wide angle end state.

Abstract: This optical system (LS) has an aperture diaphragm (S) and a negative lens (L4) disposed closer to an object side than the aperture diaphragm (S) and satisfies the following conditional expression. ?0.010<ndN1?(2.015?0.0068×?dN1), 50.00<?dN1<65.00, 0.545<?gFN1, ?0.010<?gFN1?(0.6418?0.00168×?dN1). Where, ndN1 is a refractive index of the negative lens with respect to a d-line, ?dN1 is an Abbe number of the negative lens based on the d-line, and ?gFN1 is a partial dispersion ratio of the negative lens.

Abstract: The present application provides a method of controlling an EV charger which is located at a charging site by a controller. The controller provides a charging signal thereto for controlling the EV charger to operate within a threshold power that is allowable at a management site. The method comprising receiving a consumption power reading used in the management site, and controlling a charging power to the EV charger so that the consumption power is less than the maximum consumption power.

Abstract: An optical system (LS) has a lens (L11) that satisfies the following conditional expressions. - 0.01 < ndLZ - ( 2.015 - 0.0068 × vdLZ ) 50. < vdLZ < 65. 0.545 < ? ? gFLZ - 0.01 < ? ? gFLZ - ( 0.6418 - 0.00168 × vdLZ ) where ndLZ is the refractive index to the d line of the lens, vdLZ is the Abbe number with respect to the d line of the lens, and ?gFLZ is the partial dispersion ratio of the lens.

Abstract: A zoom optical system includes, in order from an object, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, and a third lens group having positive refractive power. The first lens group moves toward an object and air distances between the first to the third lens groups are varied upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a tele-photo end state. The first lens group comprises a cemented lens consisting of a negative lens and a positive lens in order from the object. The following conditional expressions are satisfied: 4.4 < f ? 1 / ( - f ? 2 ) < 8. 0.6 < f ? 3 / f ? w < 3. 5 ? 0 0.6 < ( - f ? 2 ) / f ? 3 < 1 . 0 ? 5 30. ° < ? ? w < 80.

Abstract: An optical system (LS) has a lens (L11) that satisfies the following conditional expressions. ?0.010<ndLZ?(2.015?0.0068×?dLZ) 50.00<?dLZ<65.00 0.545<?gFLZ ?0.010<?gFLZ?(0.6418?0.00168×?dLZ) where ndLZ is the refractive index to the d line of the lens, ?dLZ is the Abbe number with respect to the d line of the lens, and ?gFLZ is the partial dispersion ratio of the lens.

Abstract: A zoom optical system includes, in order from an object, a first lens group, a second lens group, and a third lens group having positive, negative, and positive refractive powers, respectively. The first lens group moves toward the object and air distances between the first to third lens groups vary upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a tele-photo end state. The first lens group comprises a cemented lens consisting of a negative lens and a positive lens in order from the object. The following conditional expressions are satisfied: 4.40<f1/(?f2)<8.00 0.60<f3/fw<3.50 0.60<(?f2)/f3<1.05 30.00°<?w<80.000 f1, f2, and f3 denoting focal lengths of the first to third lens groups, respectively, and fw and ow denoting a focal length of the zoom optical system and a half angle of view in the wide-angle end state, respectively.

Abstract: A zoom optical system (ZL) comprises a first negative lens group (G2) having a negative refractive power; and a second negative lens group (G4) disposed closer to an image than the first negative lens group (G2), wherein a distance between the first negative lens group (G2) and the second negative lens group (G4) changes during zooming, at least part of the first negative lens group (G2) is movable so as to have a displacement component in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis, at least part of the second negative lens group (G4) is movable along the optical axis during focusing, and the following conditional expression, 0.50<fGb/fGa<2.60 is satisfied, where, fGa: a focal length of the first negative lens group (G2), and fGb: a focal length of the second negative lens group (G4).

Abstract: A zoom optical system (ZL) comprises a first negative lens group (G2) having a negative refractive power; and a second negative lens group (G4) disposed closer to an image than the first negative lens group (G2), wherein a distance between the first negative lens group (G2) and the second negative lens group (G4) changes during zooming, at least part of the first negative lens group (G2) is movable so as to have a displacement component in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis, at least part of the second negative lens group (G4) is movable along the optical axis during focusing, and the following conditional expression, 0.50<fGb/fGa<2.60 is satisfied, where, fGa: a focal length of the first negative lens group (G2), and fGb: a focal length of the second negative lens group (G4).

Abstract: An optical system (LS) includes lenses (L22,L23) satisfying the following conditional expressions, ?dLZ<35.0, and 0.702<?gFLZ+(0.00316×?dLZ), where ?dLZ: Abbe number of the lens with reference to d-line, and ?gFLZ: a partial dispersion ratio of the lens, wherein ?gFLZ is defined by the following expression, ?gFLZ=(ngLZ?nFLZ)/(nFLZ?nCLZ). wherein a refractive index of the lens with reference to g-line is ngLZ, a refractive index of the lens with reference to F-line is nFLZ, and a refractive index of the lens with reference to C-line is nCLZ.