Abstract: A fixing member includes a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the substrate layer and including Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer, includes Ni, and has crystal orientation indexes of 0.80 to 1.30 for a (111) plane, 0.80 to 1.50 for a (200) plane, and 0.70 to 1.30 for a (311) plane; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the second metal layer.

Abstract: A fixing member includes: a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the substrate layer and includes Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer and includes Ni, and has crystal orientation indexes of from 1.0 to 1.8 for a (111) plane, from 0.5 to 1.3 for a (200) plane, and from 1.0 to 1.6 for a (311) plane; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the second metal layer.

Abstract: A fixing member includes: a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the substrate layer and includes Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer, includes Ni, and has crystal orientation indexes of from 0 to 1.08 for a (111) plane, from 1.42 to 4.25 for a (200) plane, and from 0.07 to 0.69 for a (311) plane; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the second metal layer.

Abstract: A fixing member includes: a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the substrate layer and includes Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer and includes Ni, and has crystal orientation indexes of from 1.0 to 1.8 for a (111) plane, from 0.5 to 1.3 for a (200) plane, and from 1.0 to 1.6 for a (311) plane; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the second metal layer.

Abstract: A fixing member includes: a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the substrate layer and includes Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer, includes Ni, and has an average crystal grain size of 0.15 ?m to 0.19 ?m; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the second metal layer.

Abstract: A fixing member includes: a substrate layer including a resin; a first metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the substrate layer and includes Cu; a second metal layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the first metal layer so as to be in contact with the first metal layer, includes Ni, and has crystal orientation indexes of from 0 to 1.08 for a (111) plane, from 1.42 to 4.25 for a (200) plane, and from 0.07 to 0.69 for a (311) plane; and an elastic layer that is provided on an outer circumferential surface of the second metal layer.

Abstract: A roller member includes a core member; a substantially round-cylindrical elastic member through which the core member extends and having chamfered portions, the chamfered portions each provided at two respective ends of the elastic member and having a surface roughness of about 50 ?m or less; and a coating film provided over an outer peripheral surface of the elastic member and at least a part of each of the chamfered portions.

Abstract: A roller member includes a core member; a substantially round-cylindrical elastic member through which the core member extends and having chamfered portions, the chamfered portions each provided at two respective ends of the elastic member and having a surface roughness of about 50 ?m or less; and a coating film provided over an outer peripheral surface of the elastic member and at least a part of each of the chamfered portions.

Abstract: A tubular body for an image forming apparatus is formed by subjecting a tubular member containing a thermoplastic resin to thermal processing. The thermal processing is performed so that at least one edge of the tubular member is thermally melted and then cured in at least a portion of the edge in a peripheral direction.

Abstract: A tubular body for an image forming apparatus is formed by subjecting a tubular member containing a thermoplastic resin to thermal processing. The thermal processing is performed so that at least one edge of the tubular member is thermally melted and then cured in at least a portion of the edge in a peripheral direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is an intermediate transfer member including, a resin layer as an outermost layer, in which plural recessed portions having a curved inner wall are scattered on the surface thereof.

Abstract: An endless belt for an image-forming apparatus includes, as an outermost layer, a resin layer having substantially hemispherical protrusions distributed over an outer surface thereof.

Abstract: A tubular article includes a layer containing a polyimide resin, a fluorinated polyimide resin and fluorine resin particles as an outermost layer.

Abstract: An endless belt for an image-forming apparatus includes, as an outermost layer, a resin layer having substantially hemispherical protrusions distributed over an outer surface thereof.

Abstract: A polyimide resin film includes a layer containing a polyimide resin, fluoropolymer particles, and a compound represented by general formula (II) or a laminate of two or more layers including the layer as an outermost layer: (wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl or a partially fluorinated linear or branched alkyl; R3 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R4 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl; L1 and L2 are each independently a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene; L3 is a linear or branched alkylene; and n is an integer of about 5 to about 500).

Abstract: Disclosed is an intermediate transfer member including, a resin layer as an outermost layer, in which plural recessed portions having a curved inner wall are scattered on the surface thereof.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photoreceptor. The method includes forming at least one layer selected from the group consisting of an undercoat layer, a photosensitive layer, and a protective layer, by jetting by an inkjet method a first coating liquid and a second coating liquid from liquid drop discharging heads which are different from each other, and mixing the first coating liquid and the second coating liquid on a conductive substrate. The first coating liquid and the second coating liquid react with each other when they are mixed.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photoreceptor. The method includes forming at least one layer selected from the group consisting of an undercoat layer, a photosensitive layer, and a protective layer, by jetting by an inkjet method a first coating liquid and a second coating liquid from liquid drop discharging heads which are different from each other, and mixing the first coating liquid and the second coating liquid on a conductive substrate. The first coating liquid and the second coating liquid react with each other when they are mixed.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photoreceptor. The method includes forming at least one layer selected from the group consisting of an undercoat layer, a photosensitive layer, and a protective layer, by jetting by an inkjet method a first coating liquid and a second coating liquid from liquid drop discharging heads which are different from each other, and mixing the first coating liquid and the second coating liquid on a conductive substrate. The first coating liquid and the second coating liquid react with each other when they are mixed.

Abstract: A tubular article includes a layer containing a polyimide resin, a fluorinated polyimide resin and fluorine resin particles as an outermost layer.