Abstract: A therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease containing istradefylline as an effective ingredient being characterized in exhibiting more expression of a shortening effect of the OFF time by administration to a patient of Parkinson's disease of 65 or more years old as compared with administration to a patient of Parkinson's disease of younger than 65 years old.

Abstract: Provided are an agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of an anxiety disorder comprising, as an active ingredient, a thiazole derivative represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 represents aryl or the like, and R2 represents pyridyl or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the like.

Abstract: A cavity provided at a crown surface of a piston includes a first cavity section provided in a central area in a radial direction, a second cavity section provided outside the first cavity section, and a lip provided to connect the first-and-second cavity sections. Plural injection holes of an injector include a first injection-hole group where plural first injection holes directed toward a part close to the piston in a cylinder-axis direction are provided in a ring shape and a second injection-hole group where plural second injection holes directed toward a part close to a ceiling surface of a combustion chamber in the cylinder-axis direction are provided in the ring shape. The first injection-hole group and the second injection-hole group are positioned so as to inject fuel toward the lip concurrently.

Abstract: Provided are an agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of an anxiety disorder comprising, as an active ingredient, a thiazole derivative represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 represents aryl or the like, and R2 represents pyridyl or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the like.

Abstract: Provided are an agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a movement disorder, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is extrapyramidal syndrome, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is bradykinesia, gait disturbance, dystonia, dyskinesia or tardive dyskinesia, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is a side effect of L-DOPA and/or dopamine agonist therapy, and the like, each containing a thiazole derivative represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 represents aryl and the like, and R2 represents pyridyl or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Provided are an agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a movement disorder, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is extrapyramidal syndrome, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is bradykinesia, gait disturbance, dystonia, dyskinesia or tardive dyskinesia, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is a side effect of L-DOPA and/or dopamine agonist therapy, and the like, each containing a thiazole derivative represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 represents aryl and the like, and R2 represents pyridyl or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The problem is to provide a method that can quickly and efficiently evaluate the toxicity of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with small amounts of human CSF. The problem is solved by a method comprising administering human CSF into the cerebral ventricle of a rodent such as a mouse, and evaluating the cognitive function of the rodent by using a behavioral pharmacological technique.

Abstract: The present invention provides a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent and the like, comprising istradefylline as an active ingredient, for Lewy body disease (for example, Parkinson's disease dementia, diffuse Lewy body disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, movement disorder associated with Lewy body disease and the like).

Abstract: Provided are an agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a movement disorder, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is extrapyramidal syndrome, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is bradykinesia, gait disturbance, dystonia, dyskinesia or tardive dyskinesia, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is a side effect of L-DOPA and/or dopamine agonist therapy, and the like, each containing a thiazole derivative represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 represents aryl and the like, and R2 represents pyridyl or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Provided are an agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a movement disorder, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is extrapyramidal syndrome, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is bradykinesia, gait disturbance, dystonia, dyskinesia or tardive dyskinesia, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is a side effect of L-DOPA and/or dopamine agonist therapy, and the like, each containing a thiazole derivative represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 represents aryl and the like, and R2 represents pyridyl or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The problem is to provide a method that can quickly and efficiently evaluate the toxicity of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with small amounts of human CSF. The problem is solved by a method comprising administering human CSF into the cerebral ventricle of a rodent such as a mouse, and evaluating the cognitive function of the rodent by using a behavioral pharmacological technique.

Abstract: Provided are therapeutic and/or preventive agents for migraine which comprise, as an active ingredient, a compound having a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonistic activity or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; therapeutic and/or preventive agents for migraine which comprise, as an active ingredient, a compound having a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonistic activity, which has an affinity for the adenosine A2A receptor 10 times or higher than that for the adenosine A1 receptor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and the like.

Abstract: Provided are an agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a mood disorder comprising, as an active ingredient, a thiazole derivative represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 represents aryl or the like, and R2 represents pyridyl or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the like.

Abstract: Provided are an agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a movement disorder, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is extrapyramidal syndrome, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is bradykinesia, gait disturbance, dystonia, dyskinesia or tardive dyskinesia, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is a side effect of L-DOPA and/or dopamine agonist therapy, and the like, each containing a thiazole derivative represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 represents aryl and the like, and R2 represents pyridyl or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Provided are an agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of an anxiety disorder comprising, as an active ingredient, a thiazole derivative represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 represents aryl or the like, and R2 represents pyridyl or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the like.

Abstract: Provided are an agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a mood disorder comprising, as an active ingredient, a thiazole derivative represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 represents aryl or the like, and R2 represents pyridyl or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the like.

Abstract: Provided are an agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of an anxiety disorder comprising, as an active ingredient, a thiazole derivative represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 represents aryl or the like, and R2 represents pyridyl or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and the like.

Abstract: Provided are an agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a movement disorder, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is extrapyramidal syndrome, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is bradykinesia, gait disturbance, dystonia, dyskinesia or tardive dyskinesia, the agent for the treatment and/or prophylaxis wherein the movement disorder is a side effect of L-DOPA and/or dopamine agonist therapy, and the like, each containing a thiazole derivative represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 represents aryl and the like, and R2 represents pyridyl or the like, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Provided are therapeutic and/or preventive agents for migraine which comprise, as an active ingredient, a compound having a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonistic activity or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; therapeutic and/or preventive agents for migraine which comprise, as an active ingredient, a compound having a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonistic activity, which has an affinity for the adenosine A2A receptor 10 times or higher than that for the adenosine A1 receptor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which have adenosine A2A receptor antagonism and are useful for treating and/or preventing a disease induced by hyperactivity of an adenosine A2A receptor, the derivatives being represented by formula (I): (wherein R1 represents substituted or unsubstituted aryl or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group; R2 represents a hydrogen atom, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkanoyl, aroyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group; R3 represents lower alkyl, lower cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkanoyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group; and Q represents a hydrogen atom or 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl).