Abstract: A wavelength converter includes a first phase modulator configured to perform phase modulation on pump light in accordance with a first phase modulation signal, a second phase modulator configured to perform phase modulation on signal light in accordance with a second phase modulation signal, a wavelength converter configured to multiplex the signal light having undergone the phase modulation with the pump light having undergone the phase modulation, the wavelength converter configured to perform wavelength conversion on the signal light in accordance with the pump light, a detector configured to detect a modulation component from the signal light having undergone the phase modulation and the pump light having undergone the phase modulation, and a generator configured to generate the first phase modulation signal and the second phase modulation signal so as to minimize the detected modulation component.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductive drum, a primary transfer belt, a secondary transfer counter roller, a secondary transfer roller, a bias control circuit, a belt cleaner, and a processor. The photoconductive drum forms a toner image. The primary transfer belt comes in contact with the photoconductive drum and receives the toner image from the photoconductive drum. The secondary transfer counter roller moves the primary transfer belt. The secondary transfer roller presses a printing medium against the primary transfer belt to transfer the toner image on the primary transfer belt to the printing medium. The bias control circuit applies a bias to the secondary transfer roller. The belt cleaner is in contact with the primary transfer belt and removes attached matters from the primary transfer belt. When a printing operation is interrupted, a cleaning operation can be executed to remove residuals on the primary transfer belt.

Abstract: A method includes multiplexing signal light of first polarization and excitation light, and multiplexing signal light of second polarization, which is perpendicular to the first polarization, and the excitation light, modulating the signal light of the first polarization before the wavelength conversion, and reducing a modulation component in signal light after wavelength conversion, modulating the signal light of the second polarization before the wavelength conversion, and reducing the modulation component in the signal light after the wavelength conversion, and multiplexing the signal light of the first polarization after the wavelength conversion and the signal light of the second polarization after the wavelength conversion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductive drum, a charging roller, and a cleaning member. The charging roller is positioned to contact a surface of the photoconductive drum and configured to charge the surface of the photoconductive drum. The cleaning member is configured to contact a surface of the charging roller. The cleaning member includes a shaft extending along a rotational axis and a spiral portion spiraling around the shaft along a length of the shaft parallel to the rotational axis. A width of the spiral portion at a central region of the cleaning member is greater than a width of the spiral portion at an end region of the cleaning member.

Abstract: An optical communication device includes an excitation light source that outputs excitation light, a multiplexer that multiplexes signal light and the excitation light outputted from the excitation light source, a first nonlinear optical medium into which the multiplexed excitation light and the signal light are inputted, and a second nonlinear optical medium that is coupled to the first nonlinear optical medium in series and has an optical property different from that of the first nonlinear optical medium.

Abstract: A charging control device includes: a determination section configured to make a determination as to whether an auxiliary device battery that supplies electric power to auxiliary devices of a vehicle is within a predetermined first temperature range; and a control section configured to, in a case in which the auxiliary device battery is within the first temperature range, cause a charging section to charge the auxiliary device battery.

Abstract: A wavelength converter includes an excitation light source outputting excitation light, a beam splitter receiving an input of the excitation light and an input of the optical signal and to divide both the inputted excitation light and the inputted optical signal into a first polarization component and a second polarization component, a non-linear optical fiber as a non-polarization-maintaining fiber, an accommodation section securing and accommodating the non-linear optical fiber, a first collimator lens disposed between the beam splitter and a first end of the non-linear optical fiber, and a second collimator lens disposed between the beam splitter and a second end of the non-linear optical fiber, wherein the optical signal is inputted to the beam splitter from a direction different from the input of the excitation light.

Abstract: A compensating device includes at least one detector configured to detect intensity variation of the optical signal, at least one filter configured to extract a band where most of the optical phase distortion is generated from a component of the intensity variation of the optical signal, a control circuit configured to generate, based on the extraction with the at least one filter, a compensation signal exhibiting temporal intensity variation of the input optical signal, at least one compensation signal light source configured to output, based on the compensation signal of a controller, a compensation signal light exhibiting intensity variation in opposite phase to the temporal intensity variation of the input optical signal and having a different wavelength from a wavelength of the optical signal and an optical multiplexer configured to output to a transmission path a signal light formed by combining the optical signal and the compensation signal light.

Abstract: There is provided an arbitration device that arbitrates operation requests from a plurality of first power loads in a vehicle, the arbitration device including: a reception section; a memory section; a calculation section that calculates a total power consumption combining the first power consumption and the second power consumption; and a control section at which priorities of the plurality of first power loads are specified, when the total power consumption exceeds a threshold, the control section selecting which of the first power loads to approve based on the priorities and causing each operating first power load that is not approved to pause operation, and, when the total power consumption is less than or equal to the threshold, the control section allowing each operating first power load to continue operation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductive drum, a primary transfer belt, a secondary transfer counter roller, a secondary transfer roller, a bias control circuit, a belt cleaner, and a processor. The photoconductive drum forms a toner image. The primary transfer belt comes in contact with the photoconductive drum and receives the toner image from the photoconductive drum. The secondary transfer counter roller moves the primary transfer belt. The secondary transfer roller presses a printing medium against the primary transfer belt to transfer the toner image on the primary transfer belt to the printing medium. The bias control circuit applies a bias to the secondary transfer roller. The belt cleaner is in contact with the primary transfer belt and removes attached matters from the primary transfer belt. When a printing operation is interrupted, a cleaning operation can be executed to remove residuals on the primary transfer belt.

Abstract: A wavelength converter includes a first phase modulator configured to perform phase modulation on pump light in accordance with a first phase modulation signal, a second phase modulator configured to perform phase modulation on signal light in accordance with a second phase modulation signal, a wavelength converter configured to multiplex the signal light having undergone the phase modulation with the pump light having undergone the phase modulation, the wavelength converter configured to perform wavelength conversion on the signal light in accordance with the pump light, a detector configured to detect a modulation component from the signal light having undergone the phase modulation and the pump light having undergone the phase modulation, and a generator configured to generate the first phase modulation signal and the second phase modulation signal so as to minimize the detected modulation component.

Abstract: There is provided a transmission apparatus including a transmitter configured to modulate a signal to a first signal having a first wavelength and a signal to a second signal having a second wavelength, and transmit the first signal and the second signal to a transmission line so that the second signal is varied in accordance with variation in an amount of cross phase modulation of the first signal passing through each position on the transmission line, and a signal processor configured to include at least one of a logic device and a processor, and configured to add an amount of chromatic dispersion at which a remaining amount of chromatic dispersion of the first wavelength at a certain position on the transmission line is equal to zero to the first wavelength in the transmission of the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductive drum, a primary transfer belt, a secondary transfer counter roller, a secondary transfer roller, a bias control circuit, a belt cleaner, and a processor. The photoconductive drum forms a toner image. The primary transfer belt comes in contact with the photoconductive drum and receives the toner image from the photoconductive drum. The secondary transfer counter roller moves the primary transfer belt. The secondary transfer roller presses a printing medium against the primary transfer belt to transfer the toner image on the primary transfer belt to the printing medium. The bias control circuit applies a bias to the secondary transfer roller. The belt cleaner is in contact with the primary transfer belt and removes attached matters from the primary transfer belt. When a printing operation is interrupted, a cleaning operation can be executed to remove residuals on the primary transfer belt.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus includes a splitter configured to split a first wavelength division multiplexed optical signal arranged in a first wavelength band and a second wavelength division multiplexed optical signal arranged in a second wavelength band, respectively, from an optical signal including the first wavelength division multiplexed optical signal and the second wavelength division multiplexed optical signal, a wavelength converter configured to convert a wavelength of the split second wavelength division multiplexed optical signal to generate a third wavelength division multiplexed optical signal to be arranged in the first wavelength band, an optical monitor configured to monitor power of each wavelength channel of the third wavelength division multiplexed optical signal, and a transmitter configured to transmit a monitoring result by the optical monitor to a transmission source node of the optical signal or a relay node of the optical signal.

Abstract: A transmission device that transmits wavelength multiplexed light to a transmission line, the transmission device includes a first multiplexer configured to multiplex light of a wavelength of a first wavelength band and output first multiplexed light, a second multiplexer configured to multiplex the light of the wavelength of the first wavelength band and output second multiplexed light, a wavelength converter configured to convert the second multiplexed light into light of a wavelength of a second wavelength band different from the first wavelength band, and a third multiplexer configured to multiplex the second multiplexed light converted to the light of the wavelength of the second wavelength band and the first multiplexed light and output the wavelength multiplexed light.

Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus includes a splitter configured to split a first wavelength division multiplexed optical signal arranged in a first wavelength band and a second wavelength division multiplexed optical signal arranged in a second wavelength band, respectively, from an optical signal including the first wavelength division multiplexed optical signal and the second wavelength division multiplexed optical signal, a wavelength converter configured to convert a wavelength of the split second wavelength division multiplexed optical signal to generate a third wavelength division multiplexed optical signal to be arranged in the first wavelength band, an optical monitor configured to monitor power of each wavelength channel of the third wavelength division multiplexed optical signal, and a transmitter configured to transmit a monitoring result by the optical monitor to a transmission source node of the optical signal or a relay node of the optical signal.

Abstract: A compensating device includes at least one detector configured to detect intensity variation of the optical signal, at least one filter configured to extract a band where most of the optical phase distortion is generated from a component of the intensity variation of the optical signal, a control circuit configured to generate, based on the extraction with the at least one filter, a compensation signal exhibiting temporal intensity variation of the input optical signal, at least one compensation signal light source configured to output, based on the compensation signal of a controller, a compensation signal light exhibiting intensity variation in opposite phase to the temporal intensity variation of the input optical signal and having a different wavelength from a wavelength of the optical signal and an optical multiplexer configured to output to a transmission path a signal light formed by combining the optical signal and the compensation signal light.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes a first multiplexer configured to multiplex light of wavelengths of a first wavelength band to output first wavelength multiplex light, a first wavelength converter configured to convert the first wavelength multiplex light into wavelengths of a second wavelength band which is different from the first wavelength band, by using first excitation light, a second multiplexer configured to multiplex light of wavelengths of the first wavelength band which are different from the wavelengths of the first wavelength multiplex light to output second wavelength multiplex light, a second wavelength converter configured to convert the second wavelength multiplex light into wavelengths of the second wavelength band, by using second excitation light, a third multiplexer configured to multiplex the first wavelength multiplex light converted into the wavelengths of the second wavelength band, and the second wavelength multiplex light converted into the wavelengths of the second wavelength ban