Abstract: Provided is a modified ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (C) having an ethylen content of 5 to 55 mol %, which contains a specific structural unit (I) in an amount of 0.3 to 40 mol % and may be obtained by reacting an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) with a monofunctional epoxy compound (B) having a molecular weight of not more than 500. This can be produced by a method for producing the modified ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (C) which comprises melting and kneading an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) with a monofunctional epoxy compound (B) in an extruder. The modified ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (C) is superior to a unmodified ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) in transparency, stretchability, flexibility and flexing resistance due to the specific structural unit (I) incorporated therein, and thus, can be used as a barrier material in various applications requiring the above performance capabilities.

Abstract: Disclosed is an innerliner for pneumatic tires, wherein the innerliner comprises a modified ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (C) obtained by reacting 1-50 parts by weight of an epoxy compound (B) with 100 parts by weight of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) having an ethylene content of 25-50 mol %. A pneumatic tire with the innerliner can greatly improve the internal pressure retainabilities before and after driving without increasing the weight of the tire.

Abstract: A powder of a barrier material (B) is, after having been melted, applied to a substrate of a polyolefin (A) according to flame spray coating process to give a shaped article, in which the barrier material (B) firmly adheres to the polyolefin (A) even when the surface of the substrate is not subjected to primer treatment. The shaped article is favorable to components to fuel containers, fuel tanks for automobiles, fuel pipes, etc.

Abstract: A distributed control exchange according to the present invention is provided with a plurality of sections for executing, in the form of a distributed process, a call process for a call occurred at an individual line. When a call has occurred at a certain line, one of these sections that executes a call process relating to that line also executes, based on a result of routing, a call process relating to a line to become a destination party. Therefore, the distributed control exchange according to the invention can reduce the resources that are used for cooperation of the plurality of sections and enables stable load distribution. Further, the distributed control exchange realizes cost reduction and improvement of reliability.

Abstract: A printer driver of a Non-PC controls to quantize image data at quantization resolution (resolution 1), convert the quantized data into data resolution (resolution 2), and then transfer the data of the data resolution to an engine unit of an image output apparatus. The engine unit converts the data resolution of the received data into recording resolution (resolution 3) for a recording medium. Here, the quantization resolution is set to be lower than the data resolution. Thus, processing loads in the image processing unit can be reduced, whereby it is possible to provide image output capable of maintaining image quality and speed even under the circumstance that there is no sufficient memory and high-speed CPU, and to provide image output capable of maintaining image quality and speed according to a matrix recording method flexibly coping with various environments and minimizing the load in the engine unit.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has s a liquid crystal cell having a front surface serving as a viewing-side surface and a back surface, a reflecting film is attached to the back surface of the liquid crystal cell, and a light guide panel having a first major surface provided with minute irregularities and a second major surface finished in a smooth flat plane is disposed on the front surface of the liquid crystal cell with the second major surface thereof finished in a smooth flat plane in contact with the front surface of the liquid crystal cell. A light source is disposed beside aside surface of the light guide panel. When the liquid crystal display is used in a dim environment, the light source is turned on. Light emitted by the light source is guided and scattered toward the reflecting film by the light guide panel, so that the light can be transmitted efficiently by the light guide panel and the liquid crystal cell to the reflecting film.

Abstract: A powder of a barrier material (B) is, after having been melted, applied to a substrate of a polyolefin (A) according to flame spray coating process to give a shaped article, in which the barrier material (B) firmly adheres to the polyolefin (A) even when the surface of the substrate is not subjected to primer treatment. The shaped article is favorable to components to fuel containers, fuel tanks for automobiles, fuel pipes, etc.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus has a field stop, disposed in a position conjugate to the reticle, for regulating an illumination area on the reticle. The field stop is constructed of two aperture members including light shielding portions, rectangular first and second apertures and light reducing portions formed at sides of these apertures. The exposure apparatus also has a drive system for shifting a position of the light reducing portion. and relatively moving the two aperture members during the projection.

Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus includes a stacking device for stacking a sheet, a delivering device for delivering the sheet to the stacking device, and a pulling device for pulling in a direction opposite to a delivery direction the sheet delivered to the stacking device. The pulling device is structured to keep approximately constant a contract pressure exerted to the topmost sheet delivered on the stacking device, and the pulling device is formed in a tapered shape whose one end is narrower than the opposite end.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus has a field stop, disposed in a position conjugate to a reticle, for regulating an illumination area on the reticle. The field stop is constructed of two aperture members including light shielding portions, rectangular first and second apertures and light reducing portions formed at sides of these apertures. The exposure apparatus also has a drive system for shifting positions of light reducing portions and relatively moving the two aperture members during the projection.

Abstract: A sheet stacking apparatus includes a sheet discharging device for discharging sheets; a stacking tray for stacking sets of the sheets discharged by the sheet discharging device; a retaining tray for retaining one sheet discharging by the discharging device; a shifting device for shifting, in a direction crossing with a direction of the discharging of the sheet, the one sheet on the retaining tray; a feeding device for feeding the one sheet to the stacking tray; whereby the sets of the sheets are grouped with the sheet shifted by the shifting device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has s a liquid crystal cell having a front surface serving as a viewing-side surface and a back surface, a reflecting film is attached to the back surface of the liquid crystal cell, and a light guide panel having a first major surface provided with minute irregularities and a second major surface finished in a smooth flat plane is disposed on the front surface of the liquid crystal cell with the second major surface thereof finished in a smooth flat plane in contact with the front surface of the liquid crystal cell. A light source is disposed beside a side surface of the light guide panel. When the liquid crystal display is used in a dim environment, the light source is turned on. Light emitted by the light source is guided and scattered toward the reflecting film by the light guide panel, so that the light can be transmitted efficiently by the light guide panel and the liquid crystal cell to the reflecting film.

Abstract: A clamp for an overhead line including a clamp body in which a first gripping groove for gripping the overhead line is formed; a clamp cap in which a second gripping groove for gripping the overhead line is formed and which is pivotably attached to the clamp body via a hinge unit; a fastening unit for fastening the clamp body and clamp cap in a manner enabling free opening and closing so that the overhead line is affixed between the first and second gripping grooves so as to be unable to move in an axial direction at the pivot position of the final fastening state; and an expansion unit for causing the clamp cap to stop at a position where it is forcibly kept open by a predetermined clearance from the clamp body against a fastening force given by the fastening unit so that the clamp body and the clamp cap are not located at the pivot position of the final fastening state and in addition so that a clearance is formed between the first and second gripping grooves and the overhead line and a method for attachmen

Abstract: A clamp for an overhead line including a clamp body in which a first gripping groove for gripping the overhead line is formed; a clamp cap in which a second gripping groove for gripping the overhead line is formed and which is pivotably attached to the clamp body via a hinge unit; a fastening unit for fastening the clamp body and clamp cap in a manner enabling free opening and closing so that the overhead line is affixed between the first and second gripping grooves so as to be unable to move in an axial direction at the pivot position of the final fastening state; and an expansion unit for causing the clamp cap to stop at a position where it is forcibly kept open by a predetermined clearance from the clamp body against a fastening force given by the fastening unit so that the clamp body and the clamp cap are not located at the pivot position of the final fastening state and in addition so that a clearance is formed between the first and second gripping grooves and the overhead line and a method for attachmen

Abstract: An on-vehicle device for road-vehicle communication includes a communication unit for exchanging information with an on-road device, and storage unit for storing necessary information. When a communication error occurs between the on-vehicle device and the on-road device, information regarding the communication error is stored in the storage unit. The vehicle device further includes a card read-write unit into which a control card is removably inserted. The control card has a storage area for storing the above-described error information and information necessary in the on-vehicle device. Via the card read-write unit, information stored in the storage unit is transferred to the storage area of the control card to be stored therein, and information stored in the storage area of the control card is transferred to the storage unit to be stored therein.

Abstract: An array antenna to be mounted on curved portions of satellites, airplanes, ships, land moving objects, or the like, in which a base (31) on which a plurality of antenna elements (34) are arranged and a radome (36) for covering the plurality of antenna elements (34) are formed to be curved so as to coincide with the curved surface configuration of a wall body (47) or the like on which the antenna is to be mounted to thereby structure the entire antenna to be low in height while securing the strength thereof.

Abstract: A power supply system adapted for an array antenna to be mounted on satellites, airplanes, ships, land moving objects, or the like, which is so arranged that a cylindrical member (136) is provided at a peripheral edge part of an opening (135) formed on a wall member (134) on which the antenna is to be mounted, a group of power supply lines (143) connected to a group of power supply connectors (124) are disposed in an interior of the cylindrical member (136), and the space between the interior of the cylindrical member (136) and the group of power supply lines (143) is sealed by an adhesive (146), thereby securing the air-tightness and water-tightness.

Abstract: A speed ratio control system of a continuously variable transmission for a vehicle is provided, wherein a speed ratio is feedback-controlled in association with a deviation between a target and a measured value, so that the speed ratio can be continuously varied and adjusted. A gain of feedback control or shift speed is utilized, which has been constant or accurately determined, and the gain of feedback control or shift speed is optimally set in accordance with the feedback control, so as to obtain a continuously variable transmission which has high response characteristics and stability.

Abstract: A speed ratio control system of a continuously variable transmission for a vehicle is provided, wherein a speed ratio is feedback-controlled in association with a deviation between a target and a measured value, so that the speed ratio can be continuously varied and adjusted. A gain of feedback control or shift speed is utilized, which has been constant or accurately determined, and the gain of feedback control or shift speed is optimally set in accordance with the feedback control, so as to obtain a continuously variable transmission which has high response characteristics and stability.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of controlling an electromagnetic clutch incorporated in a power transmission system of a vehicle to transmit an output of an engine to the drive wheels of the vehicle is disclosed. An amount of electric current applied to the clutch is regulated to control an engaging action of said electromagnetic clutch, based on either a variation in rotating speed or torque of an output shaft of the electromagnetic clutch, or based on the frequency or number of variations per unit time in rotating speed or torque of the output shaft, as compared with the frequency or number of ignitions or combustions per unit time of the engine. In this way a variation in output torque of the engine is absorbed by the electromagnetic clutch for improved drivability, while a transmission power loss in the clutch is kept to a minimum for maximum fuel economy.