Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition, comprising a weight ratio of 1:120 to 1:1000 of camptothecin compound of formula I and ?-cyclodextrin or derivatives thereof, and an acidic buffer to adjust the pH=3.5-6.0. The composition can be used to treat solid tumours, such as melanoma, pancreatic cancer, hepatoma etc. The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is miscible with a water-miscible co-solvent system in any proportion, and can be used as an intravenous infusion solvent, and has no obvious hemolysis or vascular stimulation; the pharmaceutical composition has a better tumour inhibiting rate than solubilisation of surfactants.

Abstract: A method for segmenting intracranial aneurysms in digital medical images includes extracting a mesh representing a vessel surface from a volumetric digital image, the mesh comprising a set of points {pi} and edges {eij} respective points, and finding a set of binary labelings that minimizes an energy functional of the labelings and of shape descriptors of each point in the mesh, where the binary labelings segments an aneurysm from the surface by associating one of two labels with each point pi, where a label indicates whether an associated point is on a vessel or on an aneurysm, where the energy functional includes a unary potential term summed over all points that represent a posterior distribution of the labels over the points, and a pairwise potential term summed over all edges that represents neighborhood labeling relationships.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the smoothing of a mesh surface is disclosed whereby neighboring vertices of a target vertex are identified, for example, by identifying the neighboring vertices within a desired distance from the target vertex. A normal of the target vertex is determined as a function of, for example, the features of a set of neighbor triangles corresponding to the set of neighboring vertices. A local coordinate system is then established. Unknowns in a quadratic surface function are then solved as a function of the position of the neighboring vertices with respect to the local coordinate system and new x and y coordinates in the local coordinate system are determined for the target vertex. These new x and y coordinates are entered into the quadratic surface function to obtain a new smoothed z coordinate for the target vertex.

Abstract: A method on a processor customizes a fixation plate for repairing a bone fracture. A digital CAD model of an implant contains smooth analytic geometry representations including NURBS. The CAD geometry is directly manipulated to generate a customized implant CAD model that conforms to the desired region of the bone surface of a patient. Direct manipulation of NURBS geometry is computationally fast and suitable for interactive planning. The patient specific customized implant is produced directly from the generated customized CAD model with a standard CNC machine before surgery. The patient customized implant is implanted in the patient.

Abstract: A method of bevel edge etching a semiconductor substrate having exposed copper surfaces with a fluorine-containing plasma in a bevel etcher in which the semiconductor substrate is supported on a semiconductor substrate support comprises bevel edge etching the semiconductor substrate with the fluorine-containing plasma in the bevel etcher; evacuating the bevel etcher after the bevel edge etching is completed; flowing defluorinating gas into the bevel etcher; energizing the defluorinating gas into a defluorination plasma at a periphery of the semiconductor substrate; and processing the semiconductor substrate with the defluorination plasma under conditions to prevent discoloration of the exposed copper surfaces of the semiconductor substrate upon exposure, the discoloration occurring upon prolonged exposure to air.

Abstract: The design process for the surgical plan in orthopedics and/or the design of a personalized cutting guide and/or implant are automated in a workflow frame work. Abstracted rules are scripted through a sequence of operations to alter a bone surface or model for fitting an implant. Using bone information for a specific patient, the proper implant and series of cuts are determined using the rules. A corresponding cutting guide may be fitted to the bone information for the specific patient. Surgical planning of bone replacement implants is performed automatically.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a bevel edge of a semiconductor substrate is provided. A semiconductor substrate is placed on a substrate support in a reaction chamber of a plasma processing apparatus. The substrate has a dielectric layer overlying a top surface and a bevel edge of the substrate, the layer extending above and below an apex of the bevel edge. A process gas is introduced into the reaction chamber and energized into a plasma. The bevel edge is cleaned with the plasma so as to remove the layer below the apex without removing all of the layer above the apex.

Abstract: For resonance image data of an imaged subject, a method that first detects and estimates the dominant motions of k-space data (i.e., the motion vectors) and then constructs a graphical model for each estimated motion vector. The segments of the k-space that are determined to be corrupted by motion are restored by minimizing the energy associated with the corresponding graphical model. Consequently, the MR image of the imaged subject becomes free of motion artifacts.

Abstract: A method for enhancing stent visibility in digital medical images includes providing a time series of 2-dimensional (2D) images of a stent in a vessel, estimating motion of the stent in a subset of images of the time series of images, estimating motion of clutter in the subset of images, where clutter comprises anatomical structures other than the stent, estimating a clutter layer in the subset of images from the estimated clutter motion, estimating a stent layer in the subset of images from the clutter layer and the estimated clutter motion, and minimizing a functional of the estimated stent motion, the estimated stent layer, the estimated clutter motion, and the estimated clutter layer to in calculate a refined stent layer image, where the refined stent layer image has enhanced visibility of the stent.

Abstract: A method for detecting markers within X-ray images includes applying directional filters to a sequence of X-ray image frames. Marker candidate pixels are determined based on the output of the directional filters. Candidate pixels are grouped into clusters and distances between each possible pair of clusters is determined and the most frequently occurring distance is considered an estimated distance between markers. A first marker is detected at the cluster that most closely resembles a marker based on certain criteria and a second marker is then detected at a cluster that is the estimated distance from the first marker. The pair of first and second marker detections is scored to determine detection quality. If the detected marker pair has an acceptable score then the detected marker pair is used.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a bevel edge of a semiconductor substrate is provided. A semiconductor substrate is placed on a substrate support in a reaction chamber of a plasma processing apparatus. The substrate has a dielectric layer overlying a top surface and a bevel edge of the substrate, the layer extending above and below an apex of the bevel edge. A process gas is introduced into the reaction chamber and energized into a plasma. The bevel edge is cleaned with the plasma so as to remove the layer below the apex without removing all of the layer above the apex.

Abstract: A method for specifying design rules for a manufacturing process includes providing a training set of 3D point meshes that represent an anatomical structure, for each 3D point mesh, finding groupings of points that define clusters for each shape class of the anatomical structure, calculating a prototype for each shape class cluster, and associating one or more manufacturing design rules with each shape class prototype. The method includes providing a new 3D point mesh that represents an anatomical structure, calculating a correspondence function that maps the new 3D point mesh to a candidate shape class prototype by minimizing a cost function, calculating a transformation that aligns points in the new 3D point mesh with points in the candidate shape class prototype, and using the rules associated with the shape class prototype, if the candidate shape class prototype is successfully aligned with the new 3D point mesh.

Abstract: A system and method for segmentation of anatomical structures in MRI volumes using graph cuts is disclosed. In this method, a template is registered to an MRI brain volume. The template identifies seed points of anatomical brain structures, such as the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem, in the MRI brain volume. Any or all of the anatomical brain structures can be segmented using graph cuts segmentation initialized based on the seed points identified by the template. It is possible to segment each of the anatomical brain structures by performing a hierarchical three-phase segmentation process including brain/non-brain segmentation, cerebrum/cerebellum and brain stem segmentation, and cerebellum/brain stem segmentation.

Abstract: A method for temporally filtering medical images during a fluoroscopy guided intervention procedure includes providing a mask image, a fluoroscopy intervention image acquired at a current time during a medical intervention procedure, forming a subtraction image by subtracting the mask image from the intervention image, calculating a motion image of a moving structure in the subtraction image, forming a residual image by subtracting the motion image from the subtraction image, temporally filtering the residual image with a filtered image from a previous time, and adding the motion image to the temporally filtered residual image.

Abstract: A method for enhancing a virtual non-contrast image, includes receiving a pair of dual scan CT images and calculating a virtual non-contrast image from the pair of CT images using known tissue attenuation coefficients. A conditional probability distribution is estimated for tissue at first and second points in each of the pair of CT images and the virtual non-contrast image as being the same type. A conditional probability distribution for tissue is estimated at the first and second points in each of the pair of CT images and the virtual non-contrast image as being of different types. An a posteriori probability of the tissue at the first and second points as being the same type is calculated from the conditional probability distributions, and an enhanced virtual non-contrast image is calculated using the a posteriori probability of the tissue at the first and second points as being the same type.

Abstract: Methods for bevel edge etching are provided. One example method is for etching a film on a bevel edge of a substrate in a plasma etching chamber. The method includes providing the substrate on a substrate support in the plasma etching chamber. The plasma etching chamber has a top edge electrode and a bottom edge electrode disposed to surround the substrate support. Then flowing an etching process gas through a plurality of edge gas feeds disposed along a periphery of the gas delivery plate. The periphery of the gas deliver plate is oriented above the substrate support and the bevel edge of the substrate, and the flowing is further directed to a space between the top edge electrode and bottom edge electrode. And, flowing a tuning gas through a center gas feed of the gas delivery plate.

Abstract: A method for segmenting intracranial aneurysms in digital medical images includes extracting a mesh representing a vessel surface from a volumetric digital image, the mesh comprising a set of points {pi} and edges {eij} respective points, and finding a set of binary labelings that minimizes an energy functional of the labelings and of shape descriptors of each point in the mesh, where the binary labelings segments an aneurysm from the surface by associating one of two labels with each point pi, where a label indicates whether an associated point is on a vessel or on an aneurysm, where the energy functional includes a unary potential term summed over all points that represent a posterior distribution of the labels over the points, and a pairwise potential term summed over all edges that represents neighborhood labeling relationships.

Abstract: A method for designing a prosthetic device includes acquiring a three-dimensional image of an anatomical surface. A rules script for automatically performing a plurality of image processing rules using a script interpreter is executed. For each particular rule of the plurality of rules, one or more anatomical features that are relevant to the particular rule using a surface shaping engine are determined, the one or more determined anatomical features are automatically segmented from the acquired three-dimensional image using a feature detector, and the particular image processing rule is performed on the acquired three-dimensional image based on the automatically segmented anatomical features using a CAD tool. A prosthetic device design is produced based on the three-dimensional image upon which the rules of the plurality of image processing rules have been performed.

Abstract: A method of bevel edge processing a semiconductor in a bevel plasma processing chamber in which the semiconductor substrate is supported on a semiconductor substrate support is provided. The method comprises evacuating the bevel etcher to a pressure of 3 to 100 Torr and maintaining RF voltage under a threshold value; flowing a process gas into the bevel plasma processing chamber; energizing the process gas into a plasma at a periphery of the semiconductor substrate; and bevel processing the semiconductor substrate with the plasma.

Abstract: The invention discloses water-soluble triterpenephenol compounds having antitumor activity represented by formula (I), wherein the substituents R1˜R4 and M are defined as in the description. The invention also discloses a method for preparing the compounds of formula (I) used quinone methide triterpene compounds as starting materials. The water-soluble triterpenephenol compounds disclosed in the invention can be made into various dosage forms including injection, tablet, capsule, granule and liniment, particularly suitable for making into injection.