Abstract: A process for preparing isocyanates by phosgenation of the corresponding amines in a fluidized-bed reactor (R), wherein a gas stream (1) comprising the phosgene is used as fluidizing gas and keeps an inert solid in suspension and a liquid stream (2) comprising the amine is fed into the fluidized bed, with the amine vaporizing partially or completely and reacting with the phosgene to give a reaction gas mixture which comprises the corresponding isocyanate and is taken off from the fluidized-bed reactor (R) is proposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene in the gas phase, if appropriate in the presence of an inert medium, in which the amine and the phosgene are first mixed and converted to the isocyanate in a reactor, and in which a reaction gas which comprises isocyanate and hydrogen chloride and leaves the reactor is cooled in a quench space of a quench by adding a quench medium. The quench medium on addition to the quench space has a temperature above the condensation temperature or the desublimation temperature of the reaction gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene in the gas phase, if appropriate in the presence of at least one inert medium, the phosgene being passed into a reactor (21) through a first inlet and the amine through a second inlet of an ejector (1). The first inlet and the second inlet open into a mixing zone (17) in which the phosgene and the amine are mixed to give a reaction mixture. The mixing zone (17) is followed downstream by a diffuser (19) in which pressure and temperature of the reaction mixture composed of phosgene and amine are increased.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene, optionally in the presence of an inert medium, in which phosgene and amine are first mixed and converted to the isocyanate in a reactor, and in which a reaction gas which comprises isocyanate and hydrogen chloride leaving the reactor is cooled in a quench by adding a liquid quench medium to form a mixture of reaction gas and quench medium as the product stream. The walls of the quench are essentially completely wetted with a liquid.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing diphenylmethanediamine, comprising the steps of: a) reacting aniline with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid, b) neutralizing the predominant part of the acid with ammonia and/or aqueous ammonia solution, c) separating the reaction mixture from step b) into an aqueous phase and an organic phase, d) neutralizing the other part of the acid, present in the organic phase, with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution, e) separating the reaction mixture from step d) into an aqueous phase and an organic phase, f) treating the aqueous phase obtained in step c) or optionally the combined aqueous phases from steps c) and e) with at least one oxide or hydroxide of an alkaline earth metal, g) removing the ammonia obtained in step f).

Abstract: A process for preparing diisocyanates by gas-phase phosgenation starting out from a feed stream comprising the corresponding diamines and a phosgene-comprising feed stream, in which the feed streams are separately converted into the gas phase and preheated to the reaction temperature of the gas-phase phosgenation, wherein the waste heat from a plant for preparing chlorine by heterogeneously catalyzed oxidation of hydrogen chloride by the Deacon process is utilized for this purpose, is proposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates and/or polyisocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene, optionally in the presence of an inert medium, in a reactor (1), a first reactant stream comprising the amine being supplied to the reactor (1) in liquid form, and a second reactant stream comprising the phosgene being supplied to the reactor in gaseous form. The reactor is a centrifugal reactor (1) having a packing (9) which rotates about a central axis (7) in a housing (13), the first reactant stream and the second reactant stream being supplied to the rotating packing (9) such that the reactant streams are mixed due to the centrifugal force in the rotating packing (9) and are transported outward, the mixing in the rotating packing (9) resulting in reaction of the phosgene with the amine to give the corresponding isocyanate or polyisocyanate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of formamides by reacting aromatic amines with a formic acid ester in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is a phosphorus-containing acid or a Lewis-acidic metal salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyisocyanates comprising biuret groups from diisocyanates or polyisocyanates and diamines.

Abstract: A shell-and-tube reactor is disclosed. Contact tubes are disposed within a cylindrical housing and are secured to tube plates. Gas and liquid phases are received via a feed opening in a lower end cap and discharged via an upper end cap in the housing. A distributor device for a gas phase/liquid phase mixture is disposed below the lowermost tube plate. The distributor device includes a distributor plate and a predistributor. The distributor plate is arranged horizontally within the housing and includes an active area having through-openings and a downward-extending margin, but does not extend over the entire cross section of the housing. The predistributor includes a second distributor plate disposed between the feed opening and the first distributor plate, wherein the second distributor plate includes a second active area with second through-openings and a second downward-extending margin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for continuously preparing a mononitrated organic compound, especially a process for preparing mononitrobenzene. The invention relates more particularly to an improved continuous adiabatic process for preparing nitrobenzene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene in the gas phase, in the presence or absence of an inert medium, which comprises the following steps: (a) vaporization of the amine in a vaporizer, (b) superheating of the amine, (c) mixing of the gaseous amine with the phosgene and introduction into a reaction zone, (d) reaction of amine and phosgene to give isocyanate in the reaction zone, with a reaction mixture comprising isocyanate and hydrogen chloride being formed, (e) cooling of the reaction mixture comprising isocyanate and hydrogen chloride, wherein the vaporizer comprises a vessel in which tubes through which a heating medium flows are comprised, where number and diameter of the tubes are designed so that the tubes have a specific heat transfer area based on the volume through which the amine flows of at least 300 m2/m3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recovering acids from product streams of organic syntheses, which comprises the steps a) neutralization of the acid with a base, b) removal of the base by means of adsorption, c) recovery of the acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing an isocyanate, which involves contacting fluid streams of amine, phosgene and inert medium in at least one mixing device, such that an inert medium stream is metered at least between one amine stream and one phosgene stream within the mixing device, and then reacting an amine with phosgene in a reaction chamber to form an isocyanate. In this process the inert medium stream is metered such that a point of first contact of the amine and the phosgene occurs at a distance from a surface of the mixing device, and a turbulent flow is present in the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A process for preparing isocyanates by phosgenation of the corresponding amines in a fluidized-bed reactor (R), wherein a gas stream (1) comprising the phosgene is used as fluidizing gas and keeps an inert solid in suspension and a liquid stream (2) comprising the amine is fed into the fluidized bed, with the amine vaporizing partially or completely and reacting with the phosgene to give a reaction gas mixture which comprises the corresponding isocyanate and is taken off from the fluidized-bed reactor (R) is proposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates and/or polyisocyanates by reacting the corresponding amines with phosgene, optionally in the presence of an inert medium, in a reactor (1), a first reactant stream comprising the amine being supplied to the reactor (1) in liquid form, and a second reactant stream comprising the phosgene being supplied to the reactor in gaseous form. The reactor is a centrifugal reactor (1) having a packing (9) which rotates about a central axis (7) in a housing (13), the first reactant stream and the second reactant stream being supplied to the rotating packing (9) such that the reactant streams are mixed due to the centrifugal force in the rotating packing (9) and are transported outward, the mixing in the rotating packing (9) resulting in reaction of the phosgene with the amine to give the corresponding isocyanate or polyisocyanate.

Abstract: A reactor (1) for preparing phosgene by gas-phase reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine in the presence of a solid catalyst, which reactor has a bundle of parallel catalyst tubes (2) aligned in the longitudinal direction of the reactor whose ends are fixed in tube plates (3) and have a cap (4) at each end of the reactor (1), and has deflection plates (6) which are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reactor in the intermediate space (5) between the catalyst tubes (2) and leave free passages (7) located alternately opposite one another on the interior wall of the reactor, and in which the catalyst tubes (2) are charged with the solid catalyst, the gaseous reaction mixture is passed from one end of the reactor via one cap (4) through the catalyst tubes (2) and is taken off from the opposite end of the reactor (1) via the second cap (4) and a liquid heat transfer medium is passed through the intermediate space (5) around the catalyst tubes (2), where the reactor (1) has no tubes in the

Abstract: A reactor (1) for preparing phosgene by gas-phase reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine in the presence of a solid catalyst, which reactor has a bundle of parallel catalyst tubes (2) aligned in the longitudinal direction of the reactor whose ends are fixed in tube plates (3) and have a cap (4) at each end of the reactor (1), and has deflection plates (6) which are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reactor in the intermediate space (5) between the catalyst tubes (2) and leave free passages (7) located alternately opposite one another on the interior wall of the reactor, and in which the catalyst tubes (2) are charged with the solid catalyst, the gaseous reaction mixture is passed from one end of the reactor via one cap (4) through the catalyst tubes (2) and is taken off from the opposite end of the reactor (1) via the second cap (4) and a liquid heat transfer medium is passed through the intermediate space (5) around the catalyst tubes (2), where the reactor (1) has no tubes in the

Abstract: The invention provides a multistage process for continuously preparing organic polyisocyanates, preferably diisocyanates, more preferably aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, by reaction of the corresponding organic polyamines with carbonic acid derivatives and alcohols into monomeric polyurethanes of low molecular mass, and the dissociation of said polyurethanes. The invention further provides an associated preparation process in which at certain reaction stages the polyisocyanates prepared and unutilizable residues are removed and reusable by-products and intermediates are recycled to preliminary stages.