Abstract: In a video data decoding apparatus, only video information of decoding unit containing video data decoded by use of video data different from video data used to decode video data upon encoding is eliminated, and only correct video data can be outputted. Thus, when a picture is displayed in the reverse direction, the change of such picture in the reverse direction can be made smooth considerably. A motion decoder comprises decoding means (102), (103) for decoding video data of GOP, a rearrangement means (101) for rearranging GOP data, a selecting means (104) for selecting outputs from the decoding means (102), (103), a memory means (105) for storing an output from the selecting means (104), and a selecting means (107) for inhibiting the selecting means (104) from selecting GOP containing video data decoded by use of video data different from video data used upon encoding when the order in which video data of GOP are inputted is opposite to the order in which the video data of GOP are encoded upon encoding.

Abstract: Provision is made of a video signal editing apparatus wherein even if coded video signals subjected to inter-frame coding are connected and edited, no disturbance occurs in the video signal obtained as a result. Therefore, when connecting coded video signals in each of which one B-frame and I-frame constitute a GOP in that order, if the B-frame comes at the end of a coded video signal, the signal is divided adding to it up to the I-frame of the same or subsequent GOP. Further, if the B-frame comes at the start of a coded video signal, the signal is divided adding to it up to the B-frame or I-frame of the same or previous GOP, then these coded video signals are connected.

Abstract: In a video data decoding apparatus, only video information of decoding unit containing video data decoded by use of video data different from video data used to decode video data upon encoding is eliminated, and only correct video data can be outputted. Thus, when a picture is displayed in the reverse direction, the change of such picture in the reverse direction can be made smooth considerably. A motion decoder comprises decoding means (102), (103) for decoding video data of GOP, a rearrangement means (101) for rearranging GOP data, a selecting means (104) for selecting outputs from the decoding means (102), (103), a memory means (105) for storing an output from the selecting means (104), and a selecting means (107) for inhibiting the selecting means (104) from selecting GOP containing video data decoded by use of video data different from video data used upon encoding when the order in which video data of GOP are inputted is opposite to the order in which the video data of GOP are encoded upon encoding.

Abstract: An inductively coupled mass spectrometer for detecting impurities present in infinitesimal concentrations in a sample. The basic spectrometer structure includes: a nebulizer connected to receive a solution of the sample and a gas for causing the nebulizer to produce a spray in the form of a mist composed of droplets of the sample solution; a spray chamber disposed for receiving the spray and classifying the droplets in the spray; a plasma torch operative for conducting a stream composed of the sample solution and at least one gas; a high frequency power source and a work coil coupled to the plasma torch for supplying energy to generate and maintain a plasma which ionizes the sample solution in the stream; and a mass detector disposed for receiving the ionized sample solution from the plasma torch and operative for detecting impurities in the ionized sample solution.

Abstract: A Y/C separating filter apparatus for outputting a carrier chrominance signal and a luminance signal from a color video signal supplied thereto comprises first and second three-dimensional filters for subtracting the color video signal and signals of one or two- frame period-advanced or delayed signals from each other to obtain first and second carrier chrominance signals, a selector circuit for selecting the first and second carrier chrominance signals and an average third carrier chrominance signal to obtain the carrier chrominance signal, and a judging circuit for judging first and second correlations between the color video signal and first or second frame period-advanced or delayed signals, wherein the selector circuit is selected in response to a judged result of the judging circuit, the selector circuit selects the first carrier chrominance signal when the first correlation is higher than the second correlation, the selector circuit selects the second carrier chrominance signal when the second correlat