Abstract: An image coding method includes: deriving a candidate for a motion vector of a current block from a co-located motion vector; adding the candidate to a list; selecting the motion vector of the current block from the list; and coding the current block, wherein the deriving includes: deriving the candidate by a first derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of a current reference picture and a co-located reference picture is a long-term reference picture; and deriving the candidate by a second derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of the current reference picture and the co-located reference picture is a short-term reference picture.

Abstract: A picture coding method includes: performing a first derivation process for deriving a first merging candidate which includes a candidate set of a prediction direction, a motion vector, and a reference picture index for use in coding of a current block; performing a second derivation process for deriving a second merging candidate; selecting a merging candidate to be used in the coding of the current block from among the first and second merging candidates; and attaching an index for identifying the selected merging candidate to the bitstream; wherein the first derivation process is performed so that a total number of the first merging candidates does not exceed a predetermined number, and the second derivation process is performed when the total number of the first merging candidates is less than a predetermined maximum number of merging candidates.

Abstract: A filling rate measurement method includes: obtaining a space three-dimensional model generated by measuring a storage through an opening of the storage using a range sensor facing the storage; obtaining a storage three-dimensional model that is a three-dimensional model of the storage; extracting a target part that is a part of a measurement target in the space three-dimensional model; identifying a line segment indicating a shape of the opening on a two-dimensional image of the opening which is generated; estimating a target three-dimensional model that is a three-dimensional model of the measurement target based on the target part and a three-dimensional coordinate system with respect to the position of the opening on a three-dimensional space identified based on the position of the range sensor, the specific direction, and the shape of the opening; and calculating a filling rate of the measurement target with respect to the storage space.

Abstract: A three-dimensional model generation method includes: detecting a first line from each of a plurality of images of a target area shot to detect a plurality of first lines, the plurality of images being shot from a plurality of viewpoints; excluding, from the plurality of first lines detected, a second line that reaches an edge of an image among the plurality of images; and generating a line segment model which is a three-dimensional model of the target area represented by lines, using a plurality of line segments which are the plurality of first lines from which the second line is excluded.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data creation method in a client device includes: creating three-dimensional data of a surrounding area of the client device using sensor information that is obtained through a sensor equipped in the client device and indicates a surrounding condition of the client device; estimating a self-location of the client device using the three-dimensional data created; and transmitting the sensor information obtained to a server or an other client device.

Abstract: A moving picture coding includes: coding a first flag indicating whether or not temporal motion vector prediction is used; when the first flag indicates that the temporal motion vector prediction is used: coding a first parameter for calculating the temporal predictive motion vector; wherein when the first flag indicates that the temporal motion vector prediction is not used, the first parameter is not coded.

Abstract: A picture coding method includes: performing a first derivation process for deriving a first merging candidate which includes a candidate set of a prediction direction, a motion vector, and a reference picture index for use in coding of a current block; performing a second derivation process for deriving a second merging candidate; selecting a merging candidate to be used in the coding of the current block from among the first and second merging candidates; and attaching an index for identifying the selected merging candidate to the bitstream; wherein the first derivation process is performed so that a total number of the first merging candidates does not exceed a predetermined number, and the second derivation process is performed when the total number of the first merging candidates is less than a predetermined maximum number of merging candidates.

Abstract: An image decoding method includes: dividing a current block into sub-blocks; deriving, for each sub-block, one or more prediction information candidates; obtaining an index; and decoding the current block using the prediction information candidate selected by the index.

Abstract: A moving picture coding method includes: making a determination as to whether or not to code all blocks in a current picture in the skip mode; setting, based on a result of the determination, a first flag indicating whether or not a temporally neighboring block is to be referenced, a value of a parameter for determining a total number of merging candidates, and a second flag for each block included in the current picture, the second flag indicating whether or not the block is to be coded in the skip mode; calculating, as a merging candidate, a neighboring block usable for merging; and coding an index which indicates a merging candidate to be used for coding of the current block and attaching the coded index to a bitstream.

Abstract: Obtaining one or more motion vector predictor candidates includes: (a1) generating a motion vector predictor candidate, based on motion vectors of first adjacent blocks adjacent to a block to be processed in a first direction; and (a2) generating a motion vector predictor candidate, based on motion vectors of second adjacent blocks adjacent to the block to be processed in a second direction, and step (a2) includes: determining whether the first adjacent blocks include an inter-predicted block; and searching for a motion vector on which scaling processing can be performed from among the motion vectors of the second adjacent blocks when it is determined that the first adjacent blocks do not include an inter-predicted block, and executing, when the motion vector on which scaling processing can be performed is obtained in the search, scaling processing on the motion vector obtained in the search.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a bitstream via a network is provided. The bitstream is for coding a current block and is generated by: deriving a first candidate from a first motion vector that has been used to code a first block; coding a first index identifying a reference picture to be used for coding the current block; deriving a second candidate having a second motion vector that includes a non-zero value, which is assigned to the reference picture; and coding a second index identifying a selected candidate to be used for coding the current block. The second motion vector is not derived by coding a block adjacent to the current block, and the non-zero value is assigned by offset values which include an OffsetX and an OffsetY and which are located in a picture header.

Abstract: A transmitting method for transmitting a bitstream to a terminal is provided. The bit stream is generated by coding a current block of a picture and has an index for identifying a motion vector candidate from a motion vector candidate list. The motion vector candidate list is generated and includes motion vector candidates and a value for each motion vector candidate. A second candidate is arranged before a first candidate in the motion vector candidate list. The first candidate is sorted before the second candidate in the motion vector candidate list based on the values of the first and second candidates. The value of the first candidate is higher than the value of the second candidate. For each motion vector candidate, the value is based on a number of times the motion vector candidate is selected as a motion vector predictor for neighboring blocks.

Abstract: A three-dimensional model distribution method includes: distributing a first model, which is a three-dimensional model of a target space in a target time period, in a first distribution mode; and distributing a second model, which is a three-dimensional model of the target space in the target time period and makes a smaller change per unit time than the first model, in a second distribution mode different from the first distribution mode.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data creation method in a client device includes: creating three-dimensional data of a surrounding area of the client device using sensor information that is obtained through a sensor equipped in the client device and indicates a surrounding condition of the client device; estimating a self-location of the client device using the three-dimensional data created; and transmitting the sensor information obtained to a server or an other client device.

Abstract: Various embodiments for transmitting a bitstream via a network are provided. The bitstream includes an index identifying a motion vector from a candidate list. The candidate list is generated by: adding, when a motion vector used for coding a first block spatially adjacent to the current block is useable for coding the current block, one or more first candidates to the candidate list; adding a second candidate to the candidate list, with the second candidate being derived based on a motion vector used for coding a second block within a first collocated picture; and adding a third candidate to the candidate list until a number of the plurality of candidates in the candidate list reaches a maximum number, with the third candidate being derived based on a motion vector used for coding a third block within a second collocated picture.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: deriving a candidate for a motion vector of a current block from a co-located motion vector; adding the candidate to a list; selecting the motion vector of the current block from the list; and coding the current block, wherein the deriving includes: deriving the candidate by a first derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of a current reference picture and a co-located reference picture is a long-term reference picture; and deriving the candidate by a second derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of the current reference picture and the co-located reference picture is a short-term reference picture.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: writing, into a sequence parameter set, buffer description defining information for defining a plurality of buffer descriptions; writing, into the sequence parameter set, reference list description defining information for defining a plurality of reference list descriptions corresponding to the buffer descriptions; and writing, into a first header of each processing unit which is included in a coded bitstream, buffer description selecting information for specifying a selected buffer description.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data encoding method includes: extracting, from first three-dimensional data, second three-dimensional data having an amount of a feature greater than or equal to a threshold; and encoding the second three-dimensional data to generate first encoded three-dimensional data. For example, the three-dimensional data encoding method may further include encoding the first three-dimensional data to generate the second encoded three-dimensional data.

Abstract: A moving picture coding includes: coding a first flag indicating whether or not temporal motion vector prediction is used; when the first flag indicates that the temporal motion vector prediction is used: coding a first parameter for calculating the temporal predictive motion vector; wherein when the first flag indicates that the temporal motion vector prediction is not used, the first parameter is not coded.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data encoding method includes: generating predicted position information using position information on three-dimensional points included in three-dimensional reference data associated with a time different from a time associated with current three-dimensional data; and encoding position information on three-dimensional points included in the current three-dimensional data, using the predicted position information.