Abstract: A display method is a display method performed by a display device that operates in conjunction with a mobile object, and includes: determining which one of first surrounding information, which is video showing a surrounding condition of the mobile object and is generated using two-dimensional information, and second surrounding information, which is video showing the surrounding condition of the mobile object and is generated using three-dimensional data, is to be displayed, based on a driving condition of the mobile object; and displaying the one of the first surrounding information and the second surrounding information that is determined to be displayed.

Abstract: Circuity for executing operations is provided. The operations obtain pieces of coded data that is included in a bitstream and generated by coding tiles. The pieces of coded data are decoded to generate image data of the tiles. When the pieces of coded data are obtained, tile boundary independence information is further obtained, which indicates whether each of boundaries between the tiles is one of a first boundary and a second boundary. When the pieces of coded data are decoded, image data of a first tile is generated by decoding a first code string included in first coded data with reference to decoding information of an already-decoded tile when the tile boundary independence information indicates the first boundary, and by decoding the first code string without referring to the decoding information of the already-decoded tile when the tile boundary independence information indicates the second boundary.

Abstract: An image coding method bitstream includes: determining a maximum number of a merging candidate which is a combination of a prediction direction, a motion vector, and a reference picture index for use in coding of a current block; deriving a first merging candidate; determining whether or not a total number of the first merging candidate is smaller than the maximum number; deriving a second merging candidate when it is determined that the total number of the first merging candidate is smaller than the maximum number; selecting a merging candidate for use in the coding of the current block from the first merging candidate and the second merging candidate; and coding, using the maximum number, an index for identifying the selected merging candidate, and attaching the coded index to the bitstream.

Abstract: A video display method includes: selecting, as a first selected viewpoint, one first viewpoint from among a plurality of first viewpoints corresponding to a plurality of second videos, and displaying a second video corresponding to the first selected viewpoint; determining whether the first selected viewpoint is included in a plurality of second viewpoints corresponding to a plurality of fourth videos captured after the plurality of second videos; and selecting one second viewpoint from among the plurality of second viewpoints as a second selected viewpoint and displaying a fourth video that is included in the plurality of fourth videos and corresponds to the second selected viewpoint, when the first selected viewpoint is determined to not be included in the plurality of second viewpoints.

Abstract: A picture coding method includes: performing a first derivation process for deriving a first merging candidate which includes a candidate set of a prediction direction, a motion vector, and a reference picture index for use in coding of a current block; performing a second derivation process for deriving a second merging candidate; selecting a merging candidate to be used in the coding of the current block from among the first and second merging candidates; and attaching an index for identifying the selected merging candidate to the bitstream; wherein the first derivation process is performed so that a total number of the first merging candidates does not exceed a predetermined number, and the second derivation process is performed when the total number of the first merging candidates is less than a predetermined maximum number of merging candidates.

Abstract: A three-dimensional model processing method includes: generating, from first images shot by respective cameras at a first time, a first three-dimensional model including: first three-dimensional points indicating a subject at the first time; and first camera parameters indicating positions and orientations of the cameras; generating, from second images shot by the respective cameras at a second time, a second three-dimensional model including: second three-dimensional points indicating the subject at the second time; and second camera parameters indicating positions and orientations of the cameras; detecting a stationary camera among the cameras, whose position and orientation has not changed between the first and second times, or stationary three-dimensional points among the three-dimensional points, whose positions have not changed between the first and second times; and matching world coordinate systems of the first and second three-dimensional models, based on the first camera parameters of the stationary

Abstract: A displacement detection method, performed by a computer, includes: obtaining (i) a first three-dimensional (3D) model representing a region at a first timing by 3D points and including first objects and (ii) a second three-dimensional model representing the region at a second timing by 3D points and including second objects, the second timing being different from the first timing; detecting, by use of attribute information of the first objects and the second objects, (i) first 3D points included in the first 3D model and (ii) second 3D points included in the second 3D model and associated with the respective first 3D points; performing alignment of the first 3D model and the second 3D model by use of the first 3D points and the second 3D points; and detecting displacement between the first 3D model and the second 3D model after the alignment.

Abstract: A moving picture coding method including: determining whether or not (a) a picture including a co-located block and (b) a current picture to be coded are included in a same view, the co-located block being a block that is included in a picture different from the current picture and is at a position corresponding to a position of a current block to be coded included in the current picture; adjusting the position of the co-located block when the picture including the co-located block and the current picture are included in different views; and adding to the list an entry including a motion vector derived from the co-located block, wherein the adjusting includes: obtaining a disparity vector between the view including the picture including the co-located block and the view including the current picture; and adjusting the position of the co-located block by the obtained disparity vector.

Abstract: An object amount calculation apparatus includes: a receiver configured to obtain a first three-dimensional model and a second three-dimensional model different from the first three-dimensional model, each of the first three-dimensional model and the second three-dimensional model representing a same space, each of the first three-dimensional model and the second three-dimensional model being constituted with regions having respective attributes; and a processor configured to: align the first three-dimensional model and the second three-dimensional model based on at least one attribute of the first three-dimensional model and the second three-dimensional model; calculate, for each of the attributes, a difference between the first three-dimensional model aligned and the second three-dimensional model aligned; and output (i) a total amount of differences corresponding to two or more attributes among the attributes and (ii) information on the two or more attributes.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: deriving a candidate for a motion vector of a current block from a co-located motion vector; adding the candidate to a list; selecting the motion vector of the current block from the list; and coding the current block, wherein the deriving includes: deriving the candidate by a first derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of a current reference picture and a co-located reference picture is a long-term reference picture; and deriving the candidate by a second derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of the current reference picture and the co-located reference picture is a short-term reference picture.

Abstract: A moving picture decoding apparatus, method, and medium for decoding a current block are provided. A first candidate is derived from a first motion vector that has been used to decode a first block. The first block is adjacent to the current block. A first index identifying a reference picture to be selected for decoding the current block is decoded. A second candidate having a second motion vector that includes a non-zero value is derived. The non-zero value is assigned to the reference picture. A selected candidate is selected from a plurality of candidates, including the first candidate and the second candidate. A second index identifying the selected candidate is decoded. The current block is decoded using the selected candidate. The second candidate includes the non-zero value of the reference picture, with the reference picture being selected from a plurality of referable reference pictures.

Abstract: A calibration apparatus calibrates parameters of imaging apparatuses which are disposed at different positions and image a common three-dimensional space. The calibration apparatus includes: an obtaining circuit which obtains videos captured by the imaging apparatuses and each including frames; an extraction circuit which extracts feature points from the frames included in the videos, the feature points including first feature points extracted from first frames included in the videos and second feature points extracted from areas containing an image of a moving object in second frames included in the videos and different from the first frames; a matching circuit which performs matching using the feature points, the matching including matching between the first feature points and matching between the second feature points; and a calibration circuit which calculates parameters of the imaging apparatuses based on first matching results obtained through the matching by the matching circuit.

Abstract: A moving picture coding apparatus, method, and medium for coding a current block of a picture are provided. A motion vector candidate list is generated that includes motion vector candidates and, for each of the motion vector candidates, a value. The motion vector candidates include a first candidate and a second candidate. The second candidate is arranged before the first candidate in the motion vector candidate list. The first candidate is sorted before the second candidate in the motion vector candidate list based on the value of the first candidate and the value of the second candidate. The value of the first candidate is higher than the value of the second candidate. For each of the motion vector candidates, the value is based on a number of times the motion vector candidate is selected as a motion vector predictor for neighboring blocks.

Abstract: A calibration method of calibrating, using a processor, parameters of a plurality of imaging apparatuses that capture a common three-dimensional space, includes: obtaining images captured by the plurality of imaging apparatuses; obtaining the parameters of the plurality of imaging apparatuses; for each of the images, generating at least one search window to extract a plurality of feature points of the image using the parameters; for each of the images, extracting the plurality of feature points from an inside of the at least one search window; performing feature point matching between the images using the plurality of feature points; and calibrating the parameters based on a plurality of matching results obtained.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data encoding method includes: extracting, from first three-dimensional data, second three-dimensional data having an amount of a feature greater than or equal to a threshold; and encoding the second three-dimensional data to generate first encoded three-dimensional data. For example, the three-dimensional data encoding method may further include encoding the first three-dimensional data to generate the second encoded three-dimensional data.

Abstract: An image display method includes receiving an integrated image in which low-resolution images of a scene from different viewpoints are arranged, displaying the integrated image such that a low-resolution image among the low-resolution images is displayed in a first size, receiving a high-resolution image having a same viewpoint as the low-resolution image, the high-resolution image having a higher resolution than the low-resolution image, displaying the high-resolution image in a second size larger than the first size, and displaying the low-resolution image in a third size larger than the first size after the integrated image is displayed and before the high-resolution image is displayed in the second size.

Abstract: The image decoding method includes: determining a context for use in a current block to be processed, from among a plurality of contexts; and performing arithmetic decoding on a bit sequence corresponding to the current block, using the determined context, wherein in the determining: the context is determined under a condition that control parameters of neighboring blocks of the current block are used, when the signal type is a first type, the neighboring blocks being a left block and an upper block of the current block; and the context is determined under a condition that the control parameter of the upper block is not used, when the signal type is a second type, and the second type is one of “ref_idx_l0” and “ref_idx_l1”.

Abstract: A three-dimensional data encoding method includes: extracting, from first three-dimensional data, second three-dimensional data having an amount of a feature greater than or equal to a threshold; and encoding the second three-dimensional data to generate first encoded three-dimensional data. For example, the three-dimensional data encoding method may further include encoding the first three-dimensional data to generate the second encoded three-dimensional data.

Abstract: A moving for transmitting a bitstream via network is provided. A first candidate is derived from a first motion vector that has been used to decode a first block. The first block is adjacent to a current block. A second candidate having a second motion vector that is a non-zero value vector based on an X-Y axis of a fixed offset value is derived. The second motion vector is not derived by decoding a block adjacent to the current block and the fixed offset value is a non-zero value. An index to select a candidate used for coding the current block from a plurality of candidates, including the first candidate and the second candidate, is determined. The current block is coded by including the determined index.

Abstract: The image decoding method includes: determining a context for use in a current block to be processed, from among a plurality of contexts; and performing arithmetic decoding on a bit sequence corresponding to the current block, using the determined context, wherein in the determining: the context is determined under a condition that control parameters of neighboring blocks of the current block are used, when the signal type is a first type, the neighboring blocks being a left block and an upper block of the current block; and the context is determined under a condition that the control parameter of the upper block is not used, when the signal type is a second type.