Abstract: Disclosed is to provide with an optical recording medium of a write-once type in which an excellent recording characteristic can be obtained over low speed recording to high speed recording.

Abstract: An optical recording medium comprises a transmission substrate and a recording layer formed on the transmission substrate, the recording layer containing at least a dye material expressed by a general formula shown at the following chemical formula (in the chemical formula 1, R1 represents alkyl group having carbon numbers 1 to 4, R2, R3 represent alkyl group having carbon numbers 1 to 4, benzyl group or groups combined to form 3 to 6 rings, Y1 and Y2 independently represent organic groups and X represent ClO4, BF4, PF6, SbF6) and a dye material expressed by a general formula represented by the following chemical formula 2(in the chemical formula 2, R1 and R2 represent alkyl groups having carbon numbers 1 to 4, benzyl groups or groups combined to form 3 to 6 rings, Y1, Y2 independently represent organic groups and X represent ClO4, BF4, PF6, SbF6): In a write once type optical recording medium such as DVD?R and DVD+R, satisfactory recording characteristics can be obtained from low-speed recording to high-s

Abstract: A cyanine compound represented by formula (I): wherein ring A and ring B each represent a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring or a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene ring; R1, R2, R3, and R4 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group, or R1 and R2 are taken together, or R3 and R4 are taken together, to form a 3- to 6-membered ring, provided that at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is a substituted benzyl group; Y1 and Y2 each represent an organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; Anm? represents an m-valent anion; m represents an integer 1 or 2; and p represents a coefficient for maintaining overall charge neutrality.

Abstract: The present invention relates a biodegradable resin composition comprising an L-lactic acid unit-containing resin (1) and a D-lactic acid unit-containing resin (2). Also disclosed is a biodegradable resin molded article obtained from the biodegradable resin composition.

Abstract: A cyanine compound of formula (I), an optical filter containing the cyanine compound, and an optical recording material containing the cyanine compound which is used to form an optical recording layer of an optical recording medium: 1

Abstract: An optical recording medium comprising a substrate having formed thereon a thin film comprising an organic compound dye that can form pits when irradiated with a semiconductor laser beam and a compound represented by formula (I) as a recording layer: 1

Abstract: A control system controls a hybrid vehicle having an engine for rotating a drive axle, an electric motor for assisting the engine in rotating the drive axle and converting kinetic energy of the drive axle into electric energy in a regenerative mode, and an electric energy storage unit connected through a drive control circuit to the electric motor, for storing electric energy. The control system has a regenerative quantity determining unit which includes first, second, and third first regenerative quantity establishing units. The first regenerative quantity establishing unit establishes a first regenerative quantity for the electric motor based on a vehicle speed of the hybrid vehicle when the supply of fuel to the engine is stopped upon deceleration of the hybrid vehicle. The second regenerative quantity establishing unit establishes a second regenerative quantity for the electric motor based on a remaining capacity of the electric energy storage unit.

Abstract: A control system controls a hybrid vehicle having an engine for rotating a drive axle, an electric motor for assisting the engine in rotating the drive axle and converting kinetic energy of the drive axle into electric energy in a regenerative mode, and an electric energy storage unit connected through a drive control circuit to the electric motor, for storing electric energy. The control system has a regenerative quantity determining unit which includes first, second, and third first regenerative quantity establishing units. The first regenerative quantity establishing unit establishes a first regenerative quantity for the electric motor based on a vehicle speed of the hybrid vehicle when the supply of fuel to the engine is stopped upon deceleration of the hybrid vehicle. The second regenerative quantity establishing unit establishes a second regenerative quantity for the electric motor based on a remaining capacity of the electric energy storage unit.

Abstract: A control system controls a hybrid vehicle having an engine for rotating a drive axle, an electric motor for assisting the engine in rotating the drive axle and converting kinetic energy of the drive axle into electric energy in a regenerative mode, and an electric energy storage unit connected through a drive control circuit to the electric motor, for storing electric energy. The control system has a regenerative quantity determining unit which includes first, second, and third first regenerative quantity establishing units. The first regenerative quantity establishing unit establishes a first regenerative quantity for the electric motor based on a vehicle speed of the hybrid vehicle when the supply of fuel to the engine is stopped upon deceleration of the hybrid vehicle. The second regenerative quantity establishing unit establishes a second regenerative quantity for the electric motor based on a remaining capacity of the electric energy storage unit.

Abstract: A bandpass filter comprising a plurality of resonance circuits, in which coils and capacitors are connected in parallel, a first capacitor, which is connected between an input side resonance circuit and an input terminal, and a second capacitor, which is connected between an output side resonance circuit and an output terminal, the plurality of resonance circuits being electromagnetically coupled. The bandpass filter includes the first and second capacitors each face a pair of capacitance electrodes with an insulating layer therebetween, one capacitance electrode of the first capacitor and one capacitance electrode of the second capacitor face each other with an insulating layer therebetween, thereby forming a third capacitor, and another capacitance electrode of the first capacitor and another capacitance electrode of the second capacitor face each other with an insulating layer therebetween, thereby forming a fourth capacitor.

Abstract: A control system controls a hybrid vehicle having an engine for rotating a drive axle, an electric motor for assisting the engine in rotating the drive axle, and electric energy storage means for supplying electric energy to the electric motor. The control system has an electric motor control unit which calculates an output power of the electric motor depending on an operating status of the hybrid vehicle and assists the engine based on the calculated output power of the electric motor. The electric motor control unit also reduces the output power of the electric motor when the rotational speed of the engine or the speed of the hybrid vehicle exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: A control system for a hybrid vehicle prevents a voltage across an electric energy storage device from dropping excessively when the electric energy storage device is discharged with a generator/motor operating as an electric motor, for thereby effectively utilizing electric energy stored in the electric energy storage device as much as possible to operate the generator/motor as the electric motor. The control system also prevents the voltage across the electric energy storage device from rising excessively when the electric energy storage device is charged with the generator/motor operating as an electric generator, for thereby charging the electric energy storage device with electric energy generated by the generator/motor as much as possible while protecting the electric energy storage device.

Abstract: A control system controls a hybrid vehicle having an engine for rotating a drive axle, an electric motor for converting kinetic energy of the drive axle into electric energy in a regenerative mode, a drive control circuit for controlling the electric motor, and electric energy storage device for storing electric energy. The control system has an intake air control unit for controlling an amount of intake air supplied to the engine, and an exhaust gas recirculation control valve for controlling recirculation of exhaust gases from an exhaust system of the engine to an intake system of the engine. A control unit operates the intake air control unit to reduce the amount of intake air and operating the exhaust gas recirculation control valve in an opening direction when the electric motor operates in the regenerative mode while the hybrid vehicle is decelerating.

Abstract: A control system controls a hybrid vehicle having an engine for rotating a drive axle, an electric motor for assisting the engine in rotating the drive axle and converting kinetic energy of the drive axle into electric energy in a regenerative mode, and an electric energy storage unit connected through a power drive unit to the electric motor, for storing electric energy. The control system has a regenerative quantity determining unit which includes first, second, and third first regenerative quantity establishing units. The first regenerative quantity establishing unit establishes a first regenerative quantity for the electric motor based on a vehicle speed of the hybrid vehicle when the supply of fuel to the engine is stopped upon deceleration of the hybrid vehicle. The second regenerative quantity establishing unit establishes a second regenerative quantity for the electric motor based on a remaining capacity of the electric energy storage unit.

Abstract: A control system controls a hybrid vehicle having an engine for rotating a drive axle, an electric motor for assisting the engine in rotating the drive axle with electric energy and converting kinetic energy of the drive axle into electric energy, and an electric energy storage unit or a capacitor for supplying electric energy to the electric motor and storing electric energy outputted by the electric motor.

Abstract: A process for preparing a biodegradable resin composition, comprising: providing a reaction mixture comprising at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid and, as a polymerization catalyst, a monoorganotin derivative; heating and stirring the reaction mixture, wherein the heating and stirring step is carried out under a reduced pressure to cause condensation polymerization or carried out in an organic solvent to cause azeotropic dehydrating polymerization. Also disclosed in a biodegradable resin composition prepared by the process.

Abstract: A system for controlling fuel injection in an internal combustion engine such that when the target air-fuel ratio is switched from a rich value to a lean value, the air-fuel ratios are switched to the lean value by sequentially decreasing the amount of fuel injected into the cylinders, for example in a four cylinder engine into the #1, #2, #3 and #4 cylinders, with predetermined time differences. During this time, an electronic air control valve (EACV) is controlled in such a manner that it is stepwise opened with the switching of the air-fuel ratio s for the #1, #2, #3 and #4 cylinders, thereby causing the engine torque to remain the same to prevent the generation of a torque shock. When the target air-fuel ratio has been switched from the lean level to the rich level, the amounts of fuel injected into the #1, #2, #3 and #4 cylinders are controlled in such a manner that they are sequentially increased with predetermined time differences, and the EACV is controlled in such a manner that it is stepwise closed.

Abstract: A control system controls a hybrid vehicle having an engine for rotating a drive axle, an electric motor for assisting the engine in rotating the drive axle with electric energy and converting kinetic energy of the drive axle into electric energy, and an electric energy storage unit for supplying electric energy to the electric motor and storing electric energy outputted by the electric motor. The control system has a deceleration demand sensor for detecting a deceleration demand for the hybrid vehicle, a braking sensor for detecting whether the hybrid vehicle is braked or not, and a decelerating regenerative control unit for causing the electric motor to regenerate electric energy when the deceleration demand sensor detects the deceleration demand.

Abstract: A control system for a hybrid vehicle includes an internal combustion engine, a drive shaft driven by the engine, a motor having an assisting function of driving the drive shaft by operating on electrical energy and a regenerating function of converting kinetic energy of the drive shaft to electrical energy, and an electrical storage device for supplying electrical energy to the motor and for storing electrical energy output from the motor. An amount of remaining charge in the electrical storage device is detected. A driver demanded output of the engine is calculated based on operating conditions of the engine. Running resistance of the hybrid vehicle is calculated based on running conditions of the hybrid vehicle. A required extra output of the engine is calculated based on a relationship between the driver demanded output of the engine and the running resistance of the hybrid vehicle. A desired output of the motor is calculated based on the extra required output of the engine.