Abstract: A current collector for a railway trolley vehicle includes a current collecting member having a contact strip, a driving system for moving the current collecting member into and out of contact with a trolley wire, a load cell for detecting force acting between the current collecting member and the driving system, a displacement meter for detecting displacement of the driving system, first and second estimating circuits, and a control circuit. The first estimating circuit provides an estimated value of the contact force between the current collector and the trolley wire by estimating values of first parameters of the contact strip, the current collecting member, and the trolley wire and summing products of each of these values and a corresponding weighting factor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a current collector for an electrically powered vehicle. The collector includes a current collecting member which collects current from a current supplying body and conducts the current to a load in the vehicle. The current collecting member is coupled to a driving system through a first insulating element. The driving system moves the current collecting member to the current supplying body. A sensor for controlling the driving system is positioned between the driving system and the insulating element.

Abstract: A magnetic disk unit comprising a one-piece carriage structure having a small thermal off-tracking amount, with the carriage structure including a rotary shaft; guide arms integrally supported on a guide-arm retainer at their proximal ends and extending independently and parallely; bearing retainers formed on both ends of the guide-arm retainer; and bearings fixed on the bearing retainers rotatably connecting the guide-arm retainer to the rotary shaft. A center line in a direction of thickness of the outermost guide arm is located outside of that of the bearing in a direction of height thereof, and a concave portion is continuously formed on the bearing retainer. Thermal coefficients of expansion of the guide arms and the guide-arm retainer are substantially equal, with the carriage structure being fashioned of an alloy mainly containing Al and Si, eutectic crystal Si particles in the guide arm and/or the guide-arm retainer. The average value of the longest eutectic crystal Si particles therein is 1.6 .mu.

Abstract: A brightener is added in the ratio of 0.5-5 g per 1 l of electric plating bath of pH 4-8 containing citric acid or citrate for tin or tin alloy plating. The brightener contains a water soluble reaction product obtained by reacting polyamine such as pentaethylenehexamine, aliphatic aldehyde such as formaldehyde, and aromatic carboxylic acid such as methyl benzoate.

Abstract: A sample chucking apparatus including a clip provided at a plurality of positions correspondingly to a sample and operating closedly to release and hold the sample, with the clip being acutated by a magnetic force. A spring force counters the direction in which the clip operates, thereby simplifying the structure and ensuring a reliability on fixing or carrying of the sample.

Abstract: A method for producing organosilicon oils and resins from alkali pulp black liquors wherein the black liquor is first mixed with a substance having an acidity stronger than silicic acid and then the mixture is heated and concentrated precipitate convert any silicate therein to silicic acid but in a manner to avoid the precipitation of any alkali lignin salts. If the black liquor does not originally contain sufficient amounts of silicates. silicates from an external source may be added. This mixture is then reacted by heating to produce organosilicon resins. The resins and oils thus produced are useful as insulators and heat resistant materials.