Abstract: A secondary battery comprises a pair of collectors made of a valve action metal, a pair of electrodes comprising a sulfuric acid aqueous solution, a separator and an outer can. Each collector is covered with an oxide film of a thickness of 1.7-10 nm. The oxide film is formed in a range of from 30% by area or more to less than 100% by area relative to the surface area of the collector. Each collector has one electrode disposed thereon.

Abstract: Secondary batteries and capacitors have a high electromotive force together with a high cyclic property and are capable of fast charging and discharging, using a polymeric compound having a high stability and high reactivity in an acidic ambient, as an electrode active material. The secondary batteries and capacitors include an indole polymeric compound as an electrode active material.

Abstract: A curved section (12) is provided at a proximal end of a fan (10), so that a rotation locus thereof is configured in a shape conforming to a flow of a cooling air such as center-dented. Accordingly, the cooling air can be smoothly sucked in by the fan (10) as well as fan shroud along an arcuate section on an inlet side. Further, since natural flow toward radially outward flow of the cooling air can be guided by an arcuate section on an outlet side, thus smoothly discharging the cooling air. Therefore, the flow of the cooling air can be made smooth entirely from upstream to downstream, thus increasing flow rate and reducing noise.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification system 1 is provided with a first air fuel ratio controlling means which, when the amount of NOx deposited on an NOx adsorber catalyst 10 reaches a predetermined level, alters an air fuel ratio of exhaust gas from a diesel engine 2 to come into contact with the NOx adsorber catalyst 10, so as to cause the NOx adsorber catalyst to release NOx deposited thereupon; and with a reference NOx level setting means for setting a reference NOx level in accordance with a load of the diesel engine 2. Even when the engine runs in a high load range, it is possible to reduce the frequent recourse to the run at about stoichiometric air fuel ratio, by setting a reference level to a considerably high level, and to thereby restrict deterioration of the durability and rate of fuel consumption of diesel engine 2 to a least possible limit.

Abstract: An exhaust gas deNOx apparatus, which can make an NOx adsorber catalyst compact and does not impair reliability of an engine, is provided. To this end, the apparatus is provided with an NOx adsorber catalyst (9) for adsorbing and releasing NOx, and an exhaust gas recirculating circuit for mixing an exhaust gas into intake air, and exhaust gas recirculating amount control means (20, 20f) for recirculating a predetermined amount of the exhaust gas for reducing NOx when the adsorbed NOx accumulation amount is a predetermined value or less, and recirculating the aforementioned predetermined amount or more of exhaust gas to bring an air fuel ratio into a rich state when the adsorbed NOx accumulation amount exceeds a predetermined value and is to be released.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode containing a quinoxaline resin and an electrolyte which includes at least one of sulfuric acid ions and sulfonic acid ions, or the electrolyte which includes cations having ion radius of not more than 3 angstroms.

Abstract: A secondary battery of a proton conductive polymer, wherein a positive electrode and a negative electrode are arranged facing to each other via a separator in an electrolyte and only a proton or a proton of a hydroxyl group in an indole trimer and a &pgr; conjugated polymer, i.e., an active material of electrode in the positive electrode and in the negative electrode participates in a charge/discharge, and a proton concentration is 5 to 40% and an anion concentration is 30 to 60% in the solution, respectively, and the anion concentration is at least higher than the proton concentration.

Abstract: A multi layer electrolyte and a secondary cell using the multi layer electrolyte. The multi layer electrolyte comprises a solid electrolyte and other electrolyte such as gel electrolyte and/or electrolytic solution layer laminated on the solid electrolyte. The secondary cell using the multi layer electrolyte includes at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode and the multi layer electrolyte which comprises: a solid electrolyte layer; and at least one electrolyte layers selected from a gel electrolyte layer and an electrolytic solution layer and laminated on the solid electrolyte layer. By this structure, it is possible to use active material dissoluble in electrolytic solution as electrode active material and to realize a cell which can be quickly charged and discharged and which has superior capacity appearance rate and superior charge-discharge cycle characteristics.

Abstract: Electroconductive polymers of different kinds are doped with an anion which is the same as that derived from a single acid that occupies the most part of an electrolytic solution of a polymer battery. A cathode and an anode are manufactured from the electroconductive polymers. These electrodes and a protonic acid having a pKa value in a first dissociation stage in water of at least pKa<2 as the single acid that occupies the most part of the electrolytic solution. Use of the electrodes and the electrolytic solution of the protonic acid can give rise to a polymer battery that is prevented from deterioration of characteristics of its electrodes with a lapse of time accompanied by repeated charging and discharging and retains high operation voltage as well as improved cycle characteristics and discharge current density.

Abstract: A secondary battery of a proton conductive polymer, wherein a positive electrode 2 and a negative electrode 4 are arranged facing to each other via a separator in an electrolytic solution and only a proton in a &pgr; conjugated polymer or a proton of a hydroxyl group in a hydroxyl-containing macromolecular as an active material of an electrode in the positive and negative electrodes participates in a charge/discharge; the secondary battery uses a membrane, which has acid resistance, oxidation resistance and a functional group having cation exchange function, as the separator 3.

Abstract: The present invention provides a secondary battery and a capacitor which may provide an excellent high rate and cycle characteristic as well as sufficient electromotive force and capacity. The secondary battery and a capacitor have an active material of an electrode comprising a trimer compound comprising three units of indole or indole derivatives in condensed ring form, wherein the second position and the third position of each unit form a six-membered ring, and a proton which can be utilized as a charge carrier of the trimer compound.

Abstract: Porous damping material (40) is attached to an entire inner circumference of the fan shroud (20) opposing to an end of a fan (4) and is exposed to opposing space without using conventional perforated metal. Accordingly, jet noise caused by strong swirl between the fan (4) and the fan shroud (20) can be damped by the damping material (40) and impulsive sound scarcely occurs. Thus, both of the impulsive sound and the jet noise can be effectively damped, thereby securely reducing noise. The pours member (401) constituting the porous damping material (40) is a die-molding product made by a die (150) having a cavity (153).

Abstract: A power supply device of the present invention includes an electric double layer capacitor connected to, e.g., an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory) drive, floppy disk drive or similar motor-driven equipment, and another electric double layer capacitor connected to, e.g., a pulse generating device included in a radio transmitter. The capacitors each feed power when the load of the associated equipment sharply varies during operation of the equipment. This makes it needless for a main power supply to feed such power. A laminate polymer battery is connected to a low voltage IC (Integrated Circuit) and feeds power thereto. This also makes it needless for the main power to feed power to the low voltage IC, and allows a short feed line to connect the laminate polymer battery and IC. The short feed line reduces the transfer of noise to the IC and therefore malfunction ascribable to noise.

Abstract: The present invention provides a positive electrode active material doped with a dopant comprising an anion having the same or similar molecular structure to a polymer matrix of at least one of a solid electrolyte and a gel solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A polymer composed of structural units having a fused ring structure derived from a nitrogen-containing cyclic compound and a quinone compound as represented by the following formula is used as an electrode material for use in batteries. This makes it possible to provide batteries having excellent cycle characteristics and a high power density.

Abstract: A polymer secondary battery uses, for at least one of the active material of positive electrode and the active material of negative electrode, a polymer-carbon composite material including powdered carbon having its surfaces coated with an organic compound polymer capable of adsorbing and desorbing protons electrochemically. The polymer secondary battery has a high rate of appearance of capacity and excellent cycle characteristics.

Abstract: A method of producing a conductive polymer comprises the following steps of depositing a solid-state organic compound and contacting a collector with an electrolytic solution thereby to cause an electrolytic polymerization of said organic compound.

Abstract: An electrode for a secondary or rechargeable battery using a conducting polymer as an active material is provided, which realizes a large capacity, a good cycling property, and a high power density. This electrode is comprised of an active material layer having an active material made of a mixture of a nitrogen-containing compound polymer and a quinone-system compound. The molar ratio of the nitrogen-containing compound polymer and the quinone-system compound is preferably in the range of 0.25:0.75˜0.75:0.25 and is more preferably in the range of 0.33:0.66˜0.66:0.33. The active material of the electrode is produced by using a mixture of powders of the nitrogen-containing compound polymer and the quinone-system compound.

Abstract: Process for preparing a solid electrolytic Nb capacitor having dielectric loss (tan &dgr;) whose abnormal frequency characteristics are restrained. The process comprises forming a laminating film or laminating films on a first laminate comprising Nb anode body, Nb-oxide layer and solid electrolyte layer formed on said Nb-oxide layer, which further includes removing absorbed water remained between the Nb-oxide layer and the solid electrolyte layer existed in the first laminate or a second laminate including the first laminate and at least one layer of the laminating film.

Abstract: More than two damping chambers 2A to 2C), a communicating pipe (6) for intercommunicating the damping chambers (2A, 2B) and another communicating pipe (7) for intercommunicating the damping chambers (2B, 2C) are provided. Both ends of the communicating pipes (6, 7) are closed by an end plate (9) and the respective damping chambers (2A to 2C) and inside of the communicating pipes (6, 7) are intercommunicated by communicating holes (8A) on an outer circumference of the communicating pipes (6, 7). Exhaust gas flows from the damping chamber (2A) to communicating holes (8A1), inside of the communicating pipe (6), communicating holes (8A2), the damping chamber (2B), communicating holes (8A3), inside of the communicating pipe (7), communicating holes (8A4), and the damping chamber (2C), thus damping exhaust noise by repeated effective contraction and expansion.