Abstract: A light source beam is incident on an optical guide block and converted in its diffusion angle by a diffusion angle conversion film on a second inclined portion of the optical guide block, and reflected by a reflecting film on a first inclined portion. Then, the light is incident on a first beam splitter film on the second inclined portion and split into transmitted light and reflected light. The reflected light is focused an optical disk light reflected from the disc passes through the first beam splitter film, and then is transmitted and reflected by a second beam splitter film on a third inclined portion. This transmitted light is incident on a polarization plane conversion plate between the third inclined portion and a fourth inclined portion, so that P and S polarization components and are transmitted through and reflected by its polarized light splitting portion, respectively. The S polarization component is reflected by its reflecting surface toward light-receiving elements.

Abstract: Surface active agents are obtained by reacting, in water as solvent and under normal pressure, cresol, formaldehyde, sodium sulfite, and 2-hydroxynaphthalene. The surface active agents exhibit excellent high dispersing power upon finely grinding with disperse dyes and in use at high temperatures whereby they are effective in giving level dyeing to polyester fibers in high temperature dyeing processes and give little or no cellulose staining in dyeing a polyester/cellulose blended yarn or fabric by the thermosol process.