Abstract: A photoexcitable material includes: a solid solution of MN (where M is at least one of gallium, aluminum and indium) and ZnO, wherein the photoexcitable material includes 30 to 70 mol % ZnO and has a band gap energy of 2.20 eV or less.

Abstract: A photochemical electrode includes: an electrically conductive layer; and a photoexcitation material layer provided over the electrically conductive layer and including a photoexcitation material, wherein the photoexcitation material layer is one of a first photoexcitation material layer in which a potential of the conduction band minimum decreases from a second surface opposite to a first surface on the side of the electrically conductive layer toward the first surface and a second photoexcitation material layer in which a potential of the valence band maximum decreases from the second surface toward the first surface.

Abstract: A photochemical electrode includes: an electrically-conductive layer; and a photo-excited material layer including a photo-excited material provided over the electrically-conductive layer, wherein in a surface of the photo-excited material layer, a lattice plane having highest atomic density in a crystal structure of the photo-excited material is oriented in a surface direction of the surface of the photo-excited material layer.

Abstract: An information processing system that solves a quadratic assignment problem in which a first matrix and a second matrix are used to calculate a cost value based on an energy function of an Ising model, the information processing system includes an information processing device configured to acquire a plurality of matrices, perform, for the plurality of matrices, correction to add or subtract a first value to or from at least one of a first group of element values that corresponds to a first element value of the first matrix or a second group of element values that corresponds to a second element value of the second matrix, and an optimization device configured to search for a ground state of the Ising model based on the output information of the energy function obtained by formulating the quadratic assignment problem based on the plurality of matrices after the correction.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores therein a design program for causing a computer to execute a process for designing a composition of a perovskite type crystal structure, the design program comprising causing a computer to determine a combination of Ai and Bi in the following formula (2) created by taking a logarithm of a formula of a tolerance factor (t) represented by the following formula (1), in which log t is 0 or close to 0, by executing ground state search by an annealing method using an Ising model or QUBO, t = ( r A + r X ) 2 ? ( r B + r X ) = d A ? - ? X 2 ? d B ? - ? X Formula ? ? ( 1 ) log ? ? t = ? i = 1 n ? A i - ? i = 1 n ? B i .

Abstract: A photochemical electrode includes: an electrically conductive layer; and a photoexcitation material layer provided over the electrically conductive layer and including a photoexcitation material, wherein the photoexcitation material layer is one of a first photoexcitation material layer in which a potential of the conduction band minimum decreases from a second surface opposite to a first surface on the side of the electrically conductive layer toward the first surface and a second photoexcitation material layer in which a potential of the valence band maximum decreases from the second surface toward the first surface.

Abstract: A photochemical electrode includes: an electrically-conductive layer; and a photo-excited material layer including a photo-excited material provided over the electrically-conductive layer, wherein in a surface of the photo-excited material layer, a lattice plane having highest atomic density in a crystal structure of the photo-excited material is oriented in a surface direction of the surface of the photo-excited material layer.

Abstract: A photochemical electrode includes a conductive oxide. Fermi energy of the conductive oxide is higher than a first energy minimum of a first band having a lowest energy and is lower than a second energy minimum of a second band having a higher energy than the first band among bands whose curvatures are positive in reciprocal space. The first energy minimum and the second energy minimum are at the same point of wave vector. A difference between the second energy minimum and the first energy minimum is not less than 1 eV nor more than 3 eV, and is smaller than a difference between the first energy minimum and an energy maximum of a band having a highest energy among bands whose curvatures are negative.

Abstract: A photocatalyst, represented by the following general formula (1): X(VO4)6(OH)2??General Formula (1) wherein X represents Za1Tib1 or Za2Tib2Agc2 (where Z is Ca or Sr; a1 is 7.0 to 9.5; b1 is 0.5 to 3.0; a2 is 7.0 to 9.5; b2 is 0.4 to 1.5; c2 is 0.1 to 2.0; a1+b1 is 9.0 to 10.0; and a2+b2+c2 is 9.0 to 10.0) in the general formula (1).

Abstract: A photoexcitable material includes: a solid solution of MN (where M is at least one of gallium, aluminum and indium) and ZnO, wherein the photoexcitable material includes 30 to 70 mol % ZnO and has a band gap energy of 2.20 eV or less.

Abstract: A photocatalytic filter including first photocatalytic particles each of which is a composite of an adsorbent and titanium apatite, second photocatalytic particles each of which is glass coated with titanium apatite, a light source configured to emit ultraviolet rays, and a container accommodating the first photocatalytic particles, the second photocatalytic particles, and the light source.

Abstract: A photoexcitation material includes: a wurtzite type solid solution crystal containing t gallium, zinc, nitrogen and oxygen, wherein a peak (A) of an existence ratio of nitrogen or oxygen which is a first adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc and a peak (B) of an existence ratio of gallium or zinc which is a second adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc satisfy a relational expression of A>B in a relationship between a distance and the existence ratio of the adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc, the relationship being obtained from an extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.

Abstract: A carbon-dioxide-reducing film includes, an electrically conductive material, a carbon-dioxide adsorbent, and a proton-permeable high-molecular-weight material. The electrically conductive material includes at least one selected from a group consisting of carbon nanotubes, nanographenes, and carbon paper.

Abstract: A photoexcitation material includes: a wurtzite type solid solution crystal containing t gallium, zinc, nitrogen and oxygen, wherein a peak (A) of an existence ratio of nitrogen or oxygen which is a first adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc and a peak (B) of an existence ratio of gallium or zinc which is a second adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc satisfy a relational expression of A>B in a relationship between a distance and the existence ratio of the adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc, the relationship being obtained from an extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.

Abstract: A photoexcitation material includes: a wurtzite type solid solution crystal containing gallium, zinc, nitrogen and oxygen, wherein a peak (A) of an existence ratio of nitrogen or oxygen which is a first adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc and a peak (B) of an existence ratio of gallium or zinc which is a second adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc satisfy a relational expression of A>B in a relationship between a distance and the existence ratio of the adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc, the relationship being obtained from an extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.

Abstract: A photochemical electrode includes a conductive oxide. Fermi energy of the conductive oxide is higher than a first energy minimum of a first band having a lowest energy and is lower than a second energy minimum of a second band having a higher energy than the first band among bands whose curvatures are positive in reciprocal space. The first energy minimum and the second energy minimum are at the same point of wave vector. A difference between the second energy minimum and the first energy minimum is not less than 1 eV nor more than 3 eV, and is smaller than a difference between the first energy minimum and an energy maximum of a band having a highest energy among bands whose curvatures are negative.

Abstract: A photocatalytic filter including first photocatalytic particles each of which is a composite of an adsorbent and titanium apatite, second photocatalytic particles each of which is glass coated with titanium apatite, a light source configured to emit ultraviolet rays, and a container accommodating the first photocatalytic particles, the second photocatalytic particles, and the light source.

Abstract: A photoexcitable material includes: a solid solution of MN (where M is at least one of gallium, aluminum and indium) and ZnO, wherein the photoexcitable material includes 30 to 70 mol % ZnO and has a band gap energy of 2.20 eV or less.

Abstract: A photoexcitation material includes: a wurtzite type solid solution crystal containing gallium, zinc, nitrogen and oxygen, wherein a peak (A) of an existence ratio of nitrogen or oxygen which is a first adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc and a peak (B) of an existence ratio of gallium or zinc which is a second adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc satisfy a relational expression of A>B in a relationship between a distance and the existence ratio of the adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc, the relationship being obtained from an extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.

Abstract: A photochemical electrode includes: an electrically-conductive layer; and a photo-excited material layer including a photo-excited material provided over the electrically-conductive layer, wherein in a surface of the photo-excited material layer, a lattice plane having highest atomic density in a crystal structure of the photo-excited material is oriented in a surface direction of the surface of the photo-excited material layer.