Abstract: Combinations of oligonucleotide primers which allow specific amplification of the mRNA of the CMV ?2.7 gene, RNA amplification using these combinations of oligonucleotide primers and a detection method which uses a fluorescent intercalative dye-labeled oligonucleotide probe to monitor the RNA amplification.

Abstract: A method of detecting micrometastasis of tumor cells in a sample obtained from a region of a subject other than the primary focus of the tumor by using a first primer complementary to part of a specific sequence in the RNA from tumor cells and a second primer homologous to part of the specific sequence (either of which additionally has a promoter sequence for an RNA polymerase at the 5′ end), which comprises (1) synthesizing a cDNA by the action of an enzyme having RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity by using the specific sequence as a template, (2) degrading the RNA strand in the RNA-DNA double strand by an enzyme having a ribonuclease H activity (to give a single-stranded DNA), (3) forming a double-stranded DNA having a promoter sequence which can be transcribed into an RNA homologous or complementary to the specific sequence by using the single-stranded DNA as a template by the action of an enzyme having DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, and (4) transcribing the double-stranded DNA into an RNA

Abstract: A method of detecting at least two nucleic acids in a sample, which comprises allowing the respective nucleic acids to form duplexes having different Tm values with nucleic acid probes complementary to the respective nucleic acids which are labeled with the same fluorescent substance and detecting the respective nucleic acids in one vessel simultaneously on the basis of the different Tm values of the duplexes.

Abstract: A method for detecting fluorescence from a liquid sample housed in a transparent or translucent sample container includes providing a sample container in a sample holder, which is opaque except for a sample container introduction opening and incoming and outgoing openings for excitation light; layering a liquid sample and a shielding liquid unmixable therewith to prevent external light from entering through the sample container introduction opening; introducing excitation light from such a direction that the excitation light can irradiate the liquid sample before irradiating the shielding liquid; and detecting fluorescence, which emits in a direction of avoiding absorption by the shielding liquid.

Abstract: A fluorescence detection apparatus comprising: a sample holder for fixing and holding sample vessels on a circular arc; a partition plate being joined to drive means for rotation on the center of the circular arc; an excitation light source; excitation light optical means; and fluorescence optical means containing a light guide being fixed on the partition plate for rotation integrally and a photosensor. The photosensor is mechanically discontinued from the drive means and fixedly placed. The fluorescence signal emission end of the light guide is placed facing the photosensor on the rotation center axis and the partition plate and the parts fixed thereto are rotated integrally, whereby fluorescence detection of the samples arranged on the circular arc is repeated in order.

Abstract: A method for detecting fluorescence from a liquid sample housed in a transparent or translucent sample container includes providing a sample container in a sample holder, which is opaque except for a sample container introduction opening and incoming and outgoing openings for excitation light; layering a liquid sample and a shielding liquid unmixable therewith to prevent external light from entering through the sample container introduction opening; introducing excitation light from such a direction that the excitation light can irradiate the liquid sample before irradiating the shielding liquid; and detecting fluorescence, which emits in a direction of avoiding absorption by the shielding liquid.

Abstract: The fine channel device has a fine channel substrate having a fine channel, in which patterns of same or different concave-convex are formed in front and rear surfaces wherein a functional unit having an electrical, magnetic, physical or chemical function, or an information recording function is provided on the fine channel substrate three-dimensionally. Further, the fine channel device usable for analyzing permits use of a plurality of analyzing liquid reagents in order to analyze a plurality of specified substances, and can reduce the amount of usable sample and improves the sensitivity of fluorescence measurement. Further, the fine channel device is formed by laminating a plurality of substrates having a fine channel, in which patterns of same or different concave-convex are formed, efficiently. Further, a method for producing the fine channel device capable of producing it economically in a short time and in a large scale.

Abstract: A fluorescence detection apparatus is provided which comprises a sample holder for holding stationarily sample vessels deployed along a circle line or concentric circle lines having different radiuses, a partition plate connected to a driving means to be rotatable around the center of the circle line or concentric circle lines, an optical means for excitation light and an optical means for fluorescence light fixed respectively to the partition plate to be rotatable in integration therewith, a first light guide constituted of numerous optical fibers, a photosensor, and a light source for generating the excitation light, wherein the partition plate, the optical means for excitation light, and the optical means for fluorescence are integrally rotated, and thereby the fluorescence of the sample arranged along the circle line is successively detected and the detected fluorescence is transmitted to the photosensor.

Abstract: An apparatus including a sample holder which fixedly holds sample vessels arranged on a same arc, a partition plate, a light guide which is configured by optical fibers and which transmits fluorescent signals emitted from respective test samples, to an optical sensor, the single optical sensor, and a light source which generates excitation light. Fluorescent signal emission ends of the light guide are opposed to the optical sensor, and fluorescent signal incidence ends of the light guide are respectively opposed to the sample vessels via the partition plate therebetween. The partition plate includes an excitation light optical unit for selectively guiding the excitation light from the light source to only one of the sample vessels arranged on the arc, and a fluorescence optical unit for guiding only the fluorescent signal emitted from a selected one of the sample vessels to the light guide.

Abstract: In an electron beam apparatus having an energy analyzer for analyzing the electron beam energy, matching may be performed accurately and easily of the position to be irradiated by an electron beam and the position for which an energy analysis is performed. The electron beam apparatus includes: an electron-optical lens column 401 provided as capable of scanning an electron beam ED in an XY direction and capable of deflecting it in the XY direction; an energy analyzer 408; and image display means 416 for displaying an SEM image of a predetermined range on a sample 407 by an electron beam scanning. An energy analysis area 504 for which electrons are efficiently taken into the energy analyzer is displayed as an image upon the SEM image by analyzing an output information obtained at the energy analyzer 408 at the time of an electron beam scanning.