Abstract: A speech synthesis system is provided that optimizes a synthesis filter. Optimization is achieved by minimizing a synthesis error between the original speech sample and a synthesized speech sample. A gradient search algorithm in the root domain is also provided to aid minimization of the synthesis error.

Abstract: The writing address supply part 210 supplies writing addresses for writing the bits forming bit sequences corresponding to the header H contained in a frame to be transmitted or stored and bit sequences corresponding to the data D, into the operating memory 220. The reading address supply part 230 alternately supplies to the operating memory 220 a plurality of addresses for reading a plurality of continuous bits corresponding to the header H from the operating memory 220, and an address for reading 1 bit corresponding to the data D from the operating memory 220, and reads the bit sequence such that the bits forming the bit sequence corresponding to the header H are scattered and arranged within the bit sequence forming the data D, from the operating memory. In accordance with such an interleaving device, it is possible to individually randomize frames according to their constituent data, and it is possible to transmit the bits that make up such data in a format which is most suited for said data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating excitation and model parameters in source filter models are described. In one embodiment, the method comprises generating synthesized speech samples, using a synthesis filter, in response to an excitation signal, determining a synthesis error between original speech samples and the synthesized speech sample and substantially reducing the synthesis error by computing both the excitation signal and filter parameters for the synthesis filter. The substantial reduction in the synthesis error is performed by applying a gradient descent algorithm to roots or LSPs of the polynomial representing the synthesis error over a series of iterations, and includes computing a gradient of the synthesis error in terms of gradient vectors of the synthesized speech samples by generating partial derivatives, using a recursive algorithm, for terms of a polynomial representing the synthesized speech samples over a series of iterations.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention regards a method of coordinating the handoff of a mobile carrier between a first access network and a second access network, the method including handing off from a first access network that the mobile carrier is currently operating within to a second access network and building a physical access network topology based on the handing off without input from either the first access network or the second access network.

Abstract: A digital content provider, representing an author, provides copyright-protected digital content data and a metadata file appended to it for the electronic distribution of the digital content over a network. The electronic distribution metadata describes various data about the digital content such as the title, the author, the content provider, the royalty, and the redistribution parameters. A primary content receiver receiving the digital content and the metadata, generates and transmits a notice of completion based on the metadata parameters. Upon receipt, an electronic distribution management system within a service provider (xSP) provides fee assessment and proceeds distribution services.

Abstract: The present invention features novel placental stem cells and provides methods and compositions for the therapeutic uses of placental stem cells or placental stem cells that have been induced to differentiate into a desired tissue type into a recipient host in amounts sufficient to result in production of the desired cell type, e.g, hepatocytes, neural cells, pancreatic cells, vascular endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes.

Abstract: In a frame synchronization circuit, which prevents the occurrence of synchronous error due to a data loss/insertion while restraining a false synchronization/out of synchronization based on typical code error in a conventional data transmission system, the frame synchronization circuit is provided with a frame synchronization code detector which detects a frame synchronization code from a received data sequence to output a frame position and outputs a checked result by checking a frame synchronization code detected and a correct frame synchronization code. The frame synchronization circuit is also provided with and a data loss and data insertion period judgment circuit which determines which presumes whether a data loss or data insertion has occurred in the received data sequence according to the checked result.

Abstract: Alternate window optimization procedures and/or LSP interpolation factor optimization procedures are used to improve the ITU-T G.729 speech coding standard (the “Standard”) by replacing the window used by the Standard with an optimized window and/or replacing the LSP interpolation factor used by the standard with an optimized LSP interpolation factor. Optimized windows created using the alternate window optimization procedure and/or optimized LSP interpolation factors created using the LSP interpolation factor optimization procedure yield improvements in the objective quality of synthesized speech produced by the Standard. In many cases, improvements are obtained using shorter windows, which results in reduced computational cost and/or smaller future buffering requirements, which results in lowered coding delay. The improved Standard, procedures, and optimized windows and LSP interpolation factors can all be implemented as computer readable software code and in optimization devices.

Abstract: The present invention features novel placental derived stem cells and provides methods and compositions for the therapeutic uses of placental derived stem cells or placental derived stem cells that have been induced to differentiate into a desired tissue type into a recipient host in amounts sufficient to result in production of the desired cell type, i.e., hepatic, pancreatic, neuronal, or nervous tissue.

Abstract: A frame synchronization circuit is disclosed, which prevents the occurrence of synchronous error due to a data loss/insertion while restraining a false synchronization/out of synchronization based on typical code error in a conventional data transmission system. The frame synchronization circuit is provided with a frame synchronization code detector (32) which detects a frame synchronization code from a received data sequence to output a frame position and outputs a checked result by checking a frame synchronization code detected and a correct frame synchronization code, and a data loss and data insertion period judgment circuit (54) which presumes whether a data loss or data insertion has occurred in the received data sequence according to the checked result.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are disclosed herein for implementing dormant mode with paging in a WLAN. Power savings in the computing device and reduction in traffic across the network are achieved by requiring a computing device to inform the WLAN of its location only when it crosses a paging area boundary or is to receive IP traffic. Dormant mode with paging is implemented in a protocol that supports dormant functionality and paging functionality but does not itself provide methods or standards for implementing such functionality, such as the IEEE 802.11. The methods and apparatuses disclosed herein provide the methods needed to implement dormant mode with paging in such a protocol. Generally, the methods and apparatuses for implementing dormant mode with paging basically include (1) establishing paging areas; (2) communicating access group information to a computing device; and (3) locating a computing device.

Abstract: A context-aware search service is provided to users requesting information. The context-aware search incorporates contextual information such as the context of the user making the request, the external context of the user or terminal that the user accesses, or the characteristics or context of the terminal. The contextualized request is processed through sets of analyses to customize the request including analyses to determine an exact nature of the request, analyses to limit a universe of reference to be examined to provide the result, and analyses to select the most appropriate content and format for presentation to the user once the result is obtained from separate service providers.

Abstract: A method and system for conducting transactions in a wireless communication system using a micro-credit certificate. A temporary certificate is issued to a mobile node. The temporary certificate is presented to a heterogeneous access network. The mobile node is authenticated using the temporary certificate. A service is then accessed with the mobile node. A credit amount associated with the mobile node for accessing the service is then deducted from the credit amount associated with the temporary certificate.

Abstract: A wafer mapping system according to the present invention is provided with an access port for transferring in and out a wafer, and performs a detection operation of an accommodated wafer to a cassette in which slots for accommodating and holding substantially level a plurality of inserted wafers are disposed in a plurality of tiers. The wafer mapping system comprises: a receiver that is fixed to a member facing the access port and formed of receiving elements arranged serially along a height direction of the cassette; and a transmitter that is disposed movable in a up and down direction of the cassette and transmits a signal toward a wafer accommodated in each of the slots of the cassette; wherein the receiver receives a signal transmitted from the transmitter, and thereby presence or absence and a state of a wafer accommodated in each of the slots of the cassette are detected. Thereby, with a simple system configuration, an accommodation state of the wafer in a FOUP can be accurately detected.

Abstract: An efficient optimization algorithm is provided for multipulse speech coding systems. The efficient algorithm performs computations using the contribution of the non-zero pulses of the excitation function and not the zeroes of the excitation function. Accordingly, efficiency improvements of 87% to 99% are possible with the efficient optimization algorithm.

Abstract: A gradient search algorithm is provided for speech coding systems. The gradient search algorithm calculates the gradient of a speech synthesis polynomial using the contribution of decomposition coefficients. The contribution of the decomposition coefficients is then recalculated at successive iterations.

Abstract: The probability of frame destruction is lowered while suppressing the redundancy of the transmission data. On the transmitting side, a predetermined unique word is contained in a frame n for storing the n-th data, and header information n, frame length information and header information n−1 of the frame n−1 one frame before the frame n are subjected to error-correcting coding, contained in the frame n, and transmitted. On the receiving side, the header of the frame n is received. When the frame length information is transmitted with error, the timing is specified by detecting the unique word and header information in the next frame n+1. When the header of the frame n is not successfully decoded, the information data of the frame n is decoded by using the header information n inserted into a predetermined position of the frame n+1.

Abstract: A speech synthesis system is provided that optimizes a synthesis filter. Optimization is achieved by minimizing a synthesis error between the original speech sample and a synthesized speech sample. A gradient search algorithm in the root domain is also provided to aid minimization of the synthesis error.

Abstract: The frame-forming data computing part 101 sorts a plurality of types of parameters forming the frames, and generates frame-forming data that contains data relating to the configuration of said frames and data establishing for each class the error protection method to be applied to each said parameter. The frame-forming data error protection processing part 102 implements the specified error protection for said frame-forming data. The class data error protection processing part 103 implements error protection that is specified for each class according to the frame-forming data, with respect to the parameters that are sorted into a plurality of classes. The synthesizer 104 transmits the frame-forming data that has undergone the specified error protection and the parameters that have undergone the error protection established for each class.

Abstract: A data transmission device comprises a transmitter device and a receiver device. The transmitter device divides a data string to be transmitted into an original data string requiring protection against code error and a data string requiring no protection. The transmitter device then carries out an error detection code adding operation and error correction coding at a redundancy code rate of 1/N on the original data string to generate a coded data string. The transmitter device divides the coded data string by N, and outputs the N divided coded data strings and the data string requiring no protection on a communication line under a time division multiplexing control. The receiver device receives the N coded data strings and the data string requiring no protection.