Abstract: A knock control apparatus normalizes a knock frequency magnitude and a background noise level to substantially the same levels in all the engine operating conditions in consideration of a variation in an ionic current level due to an environment, the number of revolutions per minute of the engine, an engine load, etc.

Abstract: A knock control apparatus normalizes a knock frequency magnitude and a background noise level to substantially the same levels in all the engine operating conditions in consideration of a variation in an ionic current level due to an environment, the number of revolutions per minute of the engine, an engine load, etc.

Abstract: Based on an ionic current intensity determined by ionic current intensity learning means for determining the ionic current intensity based on an output from an ionic current detection circuit, at least one of a comparison reference value of a comparison reference value setting means and a control parameter correction amount of control parameter correction request amount setting means is corrected, so that, even in a case where fuel is mixed with additives, and a case where a non-standard spark plug is mounted, the ionic current amount fluctuation is accurately determined even if the amplitude of a knock signal varies due to ionic current intensity fluctuation, and correction of the comparison reference value corresponding to the ionic current intensity, or correction of the control parameter, is performed, to thereby prevent erroneous control based on erroneous knock detection, and securely achieve an excellent knock detection status and knock control status.

Abstract: A combustion condition detecting apparatus for an internal combustion engine has a current distributor that distributes an ion current, a band pass filter which extracts a knock vibration component from a current distributor output, a knock determination section which outputs a knock pulse if the extracted knock vibration component is larger than a knock detection threshold value, a combustion determination section which outputs a combustion pulse when an current distributor output is larger than a combustion pulse threshold value, an ignition signal determination section which makes a determination on the basis of an ignition signal as to whether energization of an ignition coil for ignition in another cylinder is started, and an ion current limiting section which limits its ion current output to the current distributor during a predetermined time period after the start of energization of the ignition coil for ignition in the another cylinder.

Abstract: Based on an ionic current intensity determined by ionic current intensity learning means for determining the ionic current intensity based on an output from an ionic current detection circuit, at least one of a comparison reference value of a comparison reference value setting means and a control parameter correction amount of control parameter correction request amount setting means is corrected, so that, even in a case where fuel is mixed with additives, and a case where a non-standard spark plug is mounted, the ionic current amount fluctuation is accurately determined even if the amplitude of a knock signal varies due to ionic current intensity fluctuation, and correction of the comparison reference value corresponding to the ionic current intensity, or correction of the control parameter, is performed, to thereby prevent erroneous control based on erroneous knock detection, and securely achieve an excellent knock detection status and knock control status.

Abstract: To provide a knock control system for an internal combustion engine, with which appropriate ignition timing control for each cylinder can be made. The knock control system includes knock detectors outputting a knock detection signal; a unit setting a threshold value for a knock judgement performed on the knock detection signal; a unit performing a knock judgement based on the threshold value and the knock detection signal; a unit setting a control parameter correction request amount at least including ignition timing, based on the knock judgement result; a unit correcting the control parameter by setting a control parameter correction amount based on a control parameter correction request amount; and a variation correction unit performing a correction to reduce variation in a cylinder when at the knock detection result and the control parameter correction amount from at least one cylinder varies greatly with respect to other cylinders.

Abstract: A combustion state detection apparatus for an internal combustion engine has a detection period limit section, which limits a detection period of an ion current processed in misfire detection section or knock detection section.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a high strength Mg based alloy and a Mg based casting alloy having a good fluidity and a good mechanical property, and a molded article using the alloy.

Abstract: A developing device is provided with developing unit covers mounted on opening portions of developing units through which developing rollers are exposed to close the opening portions. Due to such a construction, even when the developing units receive the vibration or the impact of falling during the course of transportation of an image forming apparatus on which the developing device is mounted, the overflow of a developer through the opening portion can be prevented.

Abstract: An electrically cooled detecting system comprises: two or more heat regenerative refrigerators each having a cylinder with a cooling head at its one end; a holder for supporting the two or more heat regenerative refrigerators to dispose the one ends of the cylinders along a certain plane and the other ends of the cylinders on one side of the certain plane; a connector for thermally and rigidly connecting the cooling heads; and a detector being thermally connected to the connector. This system is not necessary to use liquid nitrogen. This system is compact and has a high energy resolution.

Abstract: A rotating type developing apparatus, having a plurality of developing devices which convey developer, which at least includes toner and carrier, to a developing roll while accommodating and circulating the developer; and a rotating body which holds and rotates the plurality of developing devices, in a rotating type developing apparatus in which the plurality of developing devices successively oppose a photosensitive drum due to the rotation of the rotating body so as to form a multicolor image, the apparatus having developer supplying equipment which supplies the developer to the developing devices; and collecting equipment which collects excess developer within the developing devices due to the rotation of the rotating body.

Abstract: A coins receiving and dispensing apparatus suitable for food shops or restaurants allows precise transfer and reception of various coins without error and confirmation of the balance of the coin. When coins received from customers are inserted into this apparatus, the coins are immediately sorted by a sorting mechanism with respect to the denominations of the currency and stored at the respective storage portions. When the coins are paid out as change, the coin feeder operates based on a dispensing command signal produced corresponding to the differences between the sold amount inputted in the register and the received amount from the customers to feed the coins of the wanted denomination in the necessary number.

Abstract: A detecting device having: a compressor driven by an electric signal for supplying and recovering He gas at an operation cycle of 10 Hz to 400 Hz; a He gas refrigerator for transferring the He gas to and from the compressor and expanding the tie gas to generate cold; driving power supply means for intermittently supplying a driving power to the compressor at a certain interval; and a detector to be cooled by the He gas refrigerator.

Abstract: An insulating substrate has a heat generating resistor and an electrical conductor on its surface. A pair of conductors, such as power or communication leads, are connected to a protected circuit. A rated voltage element and the heat generating resistor is connected in series between the lines. The electrical conductor is connected in series between one of the lines and the protected circuit. When a continuous overvoltage greater than a rated voltage of the rated voltage element develops in the lines, the rated voltage element acts to draw excess current through it and the heat generating resistor. When this current reaches a certain point, heat from the overcurrent in the heat generating resistor ruptures the substrate and the electrical conductor so that both the rated voltage element and the circuit are isolated from the conductors. This protects the protected circuit from destruction of, and consequent loss of protection by, the rated voltage element.

Abstract: A dampening water composition for lithographic printing plate comprises a hydrophilic polymer having a film-forming ability, a pH-buffering substance and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of benzimidazole and derivatives thereof. The dampening water composition can effectively suppress the corrosion of copper or copper alloy-plated rolls of a printing press as well as cast iron or nickel-plated cast iron parts thereof without impairing printing effects and printability.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dampening solution composition for lithographic printing. The solution has a dynamic surface tension ranging from 20 to 50 dyne/cm at 15.degree. C. at most 1.times.10.sup.-1 seconds after a new surface of the solution is formed on the surface of a printing plate; a viscosity ranging from 1.05 to 5.0 cSt at 15.degree. C.; and an emulsification ratio when mixed with ink which is higher by 2 to 30% than that of pure water mixed with ink.

Abstract: A dampening water composition for lithographic printing which comprises 0.1 to 5% by weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of monoalcohols or diols of alkanes or alkenes having 5 to 11 carbon atoms, to which 1 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide are added. The dampening water composition is not toxic, has not a possiblity of causing a fire and pollution of working atmosphere and, therefore, the use of a local exhaust installation is not necessary. Moreover, it is excellent in characteristics as dampening water such that it does not cause contamination of metering roll, has good bleeding properties, emulsifying properties and stability in continuous processing as well as low foaming properties. Thus, the composition makes printing operation quite stable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a concentrated dampening water for a lithographic printing plate characterized by comprising:(a) 0.5 to 50% by weight of, as a nonionic surfactant, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide adduct of 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol and ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide adduct of acetylene alcohol or acetylene glycol,(b) 1 to 30% by weight of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone and/or a compound of the following formula [I], [III] or [III]: ##STR1## wherein R represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group or a butyl group, and(c) 30 to 75% by weight of water.

Abstract: A method of replenishing a developer during the development of photosensitive plates in a conveyor-type automatic developing machine connected to a replenishing device in which the dissolution of the photosensitive layer in the non-image area of a photosensitive plate is measured with a sensor. The sensor is positioned at a certain point in the developing zone of the machine, and, when the measured dissolution reaches a certain level, the replenishing device is automatically actuated to supply a predetermined amount of replenisher to the developer.

Abstract: A coins receiving and dispensing apparatus suitable for food shops or restaurants allows precise transfer and reception of various coins without error and confirmation of the balance of the coin. When coins received from customers are inserted into this apparatus, the coins are immediately sorted by a sorting mechanism with respect to the denominations of the currency and stored at the respective storage portions. When the coins are paid out as change, the coin feeder operates based on a dispensing command signal produced corresponding to the differences between the sold amount inputted in the register and the received amount from the customers to feed the coins of the wanted denomination in the necessary number.