Abstract: A substrate to be etched is subjected to dry etching by using a dry etching gas containing a perfluorocycloolefin while a plasma with a high density region of at least 1010/cm3 is generated. As the perfluorocycloolefin, those having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, especially 4 to 6 carbon atoms are preferably used.

Abstract: A gaseous composition for dry etching, comprising a perfluorocycloolefin and 1 to 40% by mole, based on the perfluorocycloolefin, of at least one oxygen ingredient selected from oxygen gas and oxygen-containing gaseous compounds. As the perfluorocycloolefin, those having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, especially 4 to 6 carbon atoms, are preferably used.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a fluorinated olefin having a carbon—carbon double bond, the carbon atoms of which have a fluorine atom, by reacting a halogenated olefin having at least one carbon—carbon double bond, a carbon atom or the carbon atoms of which bond have a chlorine atom or atoms bound thereto, and, in which the carbon atom or atoms with a single bond in the molecule have no halogen atom other than a fluorine atom, with an alkali metal fluoride, said reaction of the halogenated olefin with the alkali metal fluoride is conducted in the presence of an organic halogen-containing compound having a carbon—carbon single bond, a carbon or the carbons of which have at least one halogen atom other than fluorine atom.

Abstract: There is provided a lubricating polymer-containing liquid which comprises a film-forming lubricating polymer, preferably a fluoropolymer, and a liquid medium predominantly comprised of cyclic hydrofluorocarbon wherein said lubricating polymer is dissolved or dispersed. A lubricative polymer film of good performance is formed by coating, for example, a magnetic recording hard disk, an ink jet recording head or a cleaning blade of an image-forming device with the lubricating polymer containing liquid, and then removing the liquid medium.

Abstract: A vic-dichloro-fluorinated alkene of the formula: R.sup.1 --CCl.dbd.CCl--R.sup.2, and a fluorinated alkane of the formula: R.sup.1 --CR.sup.3 R.sup.4 --CR.sup.5 R.sup.6 --R.sup.2, wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represents a perfluoroalkyl group or both of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 form together a perfluoroalkylene group, and R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently represent hydrogen or fluorine, are produced from an inexpensive raw material. More specifically, hexachlorocyclopentadiene is reacted with gaseous chlorine using an antimony catalyst, and then the reaction product is reacted with hydrogen fluoride to give 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclopentene. Thus-obtained compound is either (i) hydrogenated, or (ii) treated with a fluorinating agent to substitute the chlorine atoms by fluorine atoms, and then hydrogenated, to give the intended fluorinated alkane.

Abstract: A lubricant for use in hot rolling of high chromium stainless steel, the lubricant being continuously supplied to surfaces of hot rolling rolls in contact with the steel being rolled at least during hot rolling of the stainless steel, which lubricant comprises a viscous aqueous solution of water soluble high molecular weight thickener and from 10 to 40% by weight of iron hydroxide powder dispersed in the aqueous solution, said iron hydroxide powder having a median particle size of from not less than 0.1 .mu.m to less than 1 .mu.m and said lubricant having an apparent viscosity within the range of from 1,000 to 50,000 cP.

Abstract: A fluorinated saturated hydrocarbon represented by the formula (2): ##STR1## wherein R and R' represent a perfluoroalkyl group or both R and R' are bonded together to form a perfluoroalkylene group which is a part of a ring, is industrially advantageously produced with good operating characteristics by reacting a fluorinated unsaturated hydrocarbon represented by the formula (1):R --CF.dbd.CF-R' (1)wherein R and R' are as defined above, with hydrogen in the presence of a platinum catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparation of a gem-difluoroalkane is provided which comprises(A) a step to add a fluorinated alkane having a boiling point of -30.degree. to 30.degree. to a crude alkyne having 3 or 4 carbon atoms containing a polymerizable olefin as an impurity, and distill the mixture to remove the polymerizable olefin,(B) a step to react hydrogen fluoride with the fluorinated alkane and the alkyne having 3 or 4 carbon atoms obtained in the above step to synthesize the gem-difluoroalkane, and(C) a step to distill the reaction solution of the above (B) to obtain the gem-difluoroalkane.According to this process, gem-difluoroalkanes can be prepared more economically compared with usual processes.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for preparing a 2,3-di-substituted cyclopentanone mixture containing an enriched cis-2,3-di-substituted cyclopentanone which comprises heating a trans-2,3-di-substituted cyclopentanone in the presence of 100 ppm or less (weight basis) of a metal carbonate based on the cyclopentanone. The invention also discloses a fragrant composition comprising 20 to 50 wt % of 2,3-di-substituted cis-methyl (dihydro)jasmonates and 80 to 50 wt % of 2,3-di-substituted (dihydro) trans-methyl (dihydro)jasmonates. The fragrant composition has jasmine flower-like fragrance.

Abstract: A difluorinated hydrocarbon compound represented by the general formula (1) is reacted with cobalt trifluoride to give a trifluorinated hydrocarbon compound represented by the general formula (2), wherein R represents lower alkyl and R' and R" represent each hydrogen, halogen or lower alkyl which may be halogenated. The reacton proceeds under mild conditions to yield the objective compound with high selectivity.

Abstract: The high-temperature relaxation resistance of spring steel is improved by providing a specified composition of the steel, and subjecting that steel composition to a controlled heat treatment. The high-temperature relaxation resistance, which can not be estimated from the mechanical properties (e.g. strength and hardness) of steel materials at an ordinary temperature, is improved by these conditions which the inventors have found out from many experiments. Especially, the temper-softening resistance is enhanced by an increase of the Si content. The density of dislocation is lowered by providing fine carbides (MO.sub.2 C) serving as inhibitors for the migration of dislocation. These are precipitated by a controlled heat treatment without reducing hardness in the tempered state. Consequently, the obtained spring steel can be used operated in a high-temperature environment for a long time without a deterioration in its properties.

Abstract: A zirconia oxygen sensor for measuring oxygen potential in the molten bath of a metal or alloy having a melting point of 350-550.degree. C., which comprises a reference electrode which is of a substance having a melting point of the same level as or lower than the metal or alloy of which the oxygen potential is to be measured and being liquid at the measurement temperature and is open to the atmosphere, a vessel of a zirconia solid electrolyte containing 5-10% yttria or 10-20% of calcium oxide (CaO) and a lead wire which connects the reference electrode and said molten metal or alloy and its use are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process for preparing a 2,3-di-substituted cyclopentanone mixture containing an enriched cis-2,3-di-substituted cyclopentanone which comprises heating a trans-2,3-di-substituted cyclopentanone in the presence of 100 ppm or less (weight basis) of a metal carbonate based on the cyclopentanone. The invention also discloses a fragrant composition comprising 20 to 50 wt % of 2,3-di-substituted cis-methyl (dihydro) jasmonates and 80 to 50 wt % of 2,3-di-substituted (dihydro) trans-methyl (dihydro) jasmonates. The fragrant composition has jasmine flower-like fragrance.

Abstract: A plurality of thermocouples are embedded close to each other with individually different depth in a temperature detecting block. One or more of the temperature detecting block are attached to the surface of a thermal sensor roll. When the thermal sensor roll is held in contact with a metal strip being rolled, temperatures in the thermal sensor roll are measured at a plurality of points. The temperature of the metal strip in contact with the surface of the thermal sensor roll is calculated from the graduation of a temperature in the thermal sensor roll along a direction vertical to the surface of the thermal sensor roll, without the influence of disturbances. The obtained temperature value of the metal strip being rolled is compared with an experimentally obtained temperature of heat streak formation, to predict the formation of heat streaks with high accuracy.

Abstract: A process for producing an oxime derivative, which comprises protecting the hydroxyimino group of an oxime compound with a protecting agent, subjecting the protected oxime compound to a given reaction, and thereafter deprotecting the reaction product, wherein a 2-alkenylating agent is used as the protecting agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a YIG thin film device utilizing ferrimagnetic resonance effect, a magnetic circuit having a gap of length lg where the YIG thin film device being provided and applying a bias magnetic field perpendicular to a film surface of the YIG thin film device, the magnetic circuit including a permanent magnet having a thickness lm and a soft magnetic plate having a thickness lx, the permanent magnet satisfying the characteristics ##EQU1## the soft magnetic plate satisfying the characteristics ##EQU2## wherein fo is resonance frequency of the YIG thin film device,.gamma. is gyromagnetic ratio of the YIG thin filmNz.sup.Y is demagnetization factor of the YIG thin film4.pi.Mso.sup.Y is saturation magnetization of the YIG thin film at room temperature,4.pi.Mso.sup.x is saturation magnetization of the soft magnetic plate,Br.sup.o is remanence of the permanent magnet at room temperature,.alpha..sub.1.sup.B is first order temperature coefficient of the remanence of the permanent magnet near room temperature,.

Abstract: A YIG film microwave device utilizing the ferrimagnetic resonance of a YIG film, comprising a YIG film microwave element formed by a liquid phase epitaxial growth process and a photolithographic process, and a magnetic circuit including permanent magnets for applying a DC magnetic field to the YIG film microwave element. Some of the Fe.sup.3+ ions of the YIG film are substituted by nonmagnetic ions to provide the YIG film microwave device with satisfactory temperature characteristics. The YIG film microwave device is capable of operating stably over the wide range of working frequency and that of temperature.

Abstract: A signal converter comprises a filter formed of a first ferromagnetic resonator which supplied with an input signal that is to be converted and produces a filtered signal having a first frequency, a local oscillator formed of an active element and a second ferromagnetic resonator connected to the active element, produces an oscillating signal having a second frequency, a mixer receives and mixes the filtered signal and oscillating signal and produces a converted signal, the first ferromagnetic resonator is formed of a first ferrimagnetic crystal, a microstrip line magnetically coupled to the ferrimagnetic crystal and a first D.C. bias magnetic field means which applies a first D.C. bias magnetic field to the first ferrimagnetic crystal, the second ferromagnetic resonator is formed of a second ferrimagnetic crystal, a second microstrip line is magnetically coupled to the second ferrimagnetic crystal, and a second D.C. bias magnetic field means which applies a second D.C.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel protected des-N-methylerythromycin derivative, in which 2', 3' and 9-positions are protected with new substituents that can provide stabler derivative and can be eliminated in a single reaction under neutral condition.