Abstract: One embodiment provides a method for fabricating a translucent phosphor ceramic compact comprising: heating a precursor powder to at least about 1000° C. under a reducing atmosphere to provide a pre-conditioned powder, forming an intermediate compact comprising the pre-conditioned powder and a flux material, and heating the intermediate compact under a vacuum to a temperature of at least about 1400° C. In another embodiment, the compact may be a cerium doped translucent phosphor ceramic compact comprising yttrium, aluminum, oxygen, and cerium sources. Another embodiment may be a light emitting device having the phosphor translucent ceramic provided as described herein.

Abstract: Described herein are batches of nanoscale phosphor particles having an average particle size of less than about 200 nm and an average internal quantum efficiency of at least 40%. The batches of nanoscale phosphor particles can be substantially free of impurities. Also described herein are methods of manufacturing the nanoscale phosphor particles by passing phosphor particles through a reactive field to thereby dissociate them into elements and then synthesizing nanoscale phosphor particles by nucleating the elements and quenching the resulting particles.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic electroluminescence device including an organic layer comprising an emissive layer; a pair of electrodes comprising an anode and a cathode, and sandwiching the organic layer, wherein at least one of the electrodes is transparent; a transparent layer provided adjacent to a light extracting surface of the transparent electrode; and a region substantially disturbing reflection and retraction angle of light provided adjacent to a light extracting surface of the transparent layer or in an interior of the transparent layer, wherein the transparent layer has a refractive index substantially equal to or more than the refractive index of the emissive layer.

Abstract: A method for testing the quality of a solvent is disclosed. The method comprises obtaining a solvent sample, wherein the solvent sample contains less than 10 ppm of impurities and nebulizing the solvent sample thereby forming a multitude of droplets that comprises solvent and impurities. The method further comprises evaporating the solvent from at least a portion of the multitude of droplets to thereby form a multitude of aerosol particles, condensing a liquid onto at least a portion of the multitude of aerosol particles to a multitude of form liquid-coated aerosol particles, and counting the number of liquid-coated aerosol particles.

Abstract: A method of annealing inorganic particles using microwave is provided. The method comprises disposing a plurality of raw particles having poor room-temperature microwave coupling characteristics in a close proximity to a microwave-absorbing material, irradiating said microwave-absorbing material with microwave radiation to heat said microwave-absorbing material, and heating said plurality of raw particles for a period of time sufficient to obtain a plurality of annealed particles, wherein the plurality of annealed particles has a crystalline phase, and wherein said heating comprises transferring heat from said microwave-absorbing material to said plurality of raw particles.

Abstract: Methods of generating nanoparticles are described that comprises feeding nebulized droplets into a radio frequency plasma torch to generate nanoparticles, wherein the majority of the nanoparticles generated have a diameter of less than about 50 nm. These methods are useful for synthesizing nanoparticles of metals, semiconductors, ceramics or any other material class where the precursors are either in liquid form or can be dissolved or suspended in a suitable liquid. Methods of feeding nebulized droplets and central gas into a radio frequency plasma torch and apparatus for generating nanoparticles are also described.

Abstract: A light emitting device comprising a light emitting component that emits light with a first peak wavelength, and at least one sintered ceramic plate over the light emitting component is described. The at least one sintered ceramic plate is capable of absorbing at least a portion of the light emitted from said light emitting component and emitting light of a second peak wavelength, and has a total light transmittance at the second peak wavelength of greater than about 40%. A method for improving the luminance intensity of a light emitting device comprising providing a light emitting component and positioning at least one translucent sintered ceramic plate described above over the light emitting component is also disclosed.

Abstract: A solvothermal process for making inorganic nanoparticles is described. Inorganic nanoparticles can be produced by forming a suspension or solution comprising at least one group II-IV and lanthanide metal inorganic salt in a first medium, disposing the suspension or solution in a sealed chamber having an interior pressure, elevating the interior pressure of the sealed chamber to an initial interior pressure prior to the heating, heating the suspension or solution to a peak temperature higher than the normal boiling point of the first medium, optionally adding a second medium to the suspension or solution after the heating.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to semiconducting carbon-containing devices and methods of making thereof. The semi-conducting carbon containing devices comprise an n-type semiconducting layer and a p-type semiconducting layer, both of which are positioned over a substrate. The n-type semiconducting layer can be formed by pyrolyzing a carbon- and nitrogen-containing polymer, and the p-type semiconducting layer can be formed by pyrolyzing an aromatic- and aliphatic-group-containing polymer. In some embodiments, the devices are solar cell devices.

Abstract: A transparent electrically-conductive hard-coated substrate of the invention comprises a transparent base material; a deposited carbon nanotubes layer formed on the transparent base material; and a cured resin layer formed on the deposited carbon nanotubes layer, wherein the deposited carbon nanotubes layer has a thickness of 10 nm or less, the total thickness of the deposited carbon nanotubes layer and the cured resin layer is 1.5 ?m or more, and part of the deposited carbon nanotubes layer is diffused into the cured resin layer so that carbon nanotubes are present in the cured resin layer. The transparent electrically-conductive hard-coated substrate possesses high transparency and hard coating properties and also has electrical conductivity.

Abstract: A method for producing dispersible carbon nanotubes of the invention comprises subjecting single-walled carbon nanotubes to UV treatment in the presence of ozone such that carboxyl groups are introduced into the single-walled carbon nanotubes and that the single-walled carbon nanotubes are fragmented. A carbon nanotubes obtained by the method has a good dispersibility.

Abstract: A light emitting composition includes a light-emitting lumophore-functionalized nanoparticle, such as an organic-inorganic light-emitting lumophore-functionalized nanoparticle. A light emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and a layer containing such a light-emitting composition. In an embodiment, the light emitting device can emit white light.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence cell including at least one organic layer and a pair of electrodes, the organic layer including a light-emitting layer and sandwiched between the pair of electrodes, the pair of electrodes including a reflective electrode and a transparent electrode, the organic electroluminescence cell formed to satisfy the expression: B0<B? in which B0 is a frontal luminance value of luminescence radiated from a light extraction surface to an observer, and B? is a luminance value of the luminescence at an angle of from 50° to 70°, wherein a reflection/refraction angle disturbance region is provided so that the angle of reflection/refraction of the luminescence is disturbed while the luminescence is output from the light-emitting layer to the observer side through the transparent electrode.

Abstract: An organic EL cell is formed to satisfy the expression (1): B0<B? in which B0 is a normal luminance intensity of luminescence radiated from a light extraction surface to an observer side, and B? is a luminance intensity of the luminescence at an angle of 50° to 70°. A region for disturbing an angle of reflection/refraction of light is provided in an optical path in which the luminescence is output from said emitting layer to the observer side through said transparent electrode. As the region, an anisotropic scattering resin layer containing a light-transmissive resin, and micro domains dispersed/distributed in the light-transmissive resin and different in birefringence characteristic may be formed substantially without interposition of any air layer in an optical path in which the luminescence is output from the emitting layer to the observer side through the transparent electrode.

Abstract: A structure for preventing glass from breaking, having a combination of a surface glass breaking prevention material, a glass substrate and a metal plate arranged in the order, wherein an internal glass breaking prevention material made of an elastomer or viscoelastomer having a dynamic shear modulus of not larger than 1×109 Pa is interposed between the glass substrate and the metal plate. Particularly, in the glass breaking prevention structure configured as described above, destructive impact energy (B) by which the glass substrate is destroyed when a steel ball 50 mm in diameter and 500 g in weight is dropped on the surface glass breaking prevention material is not lower than 1.2 times as high as destructive impact energy (A) measured in the same manner upon a glass breaking prevention structure having the same configuration as the first-mentioned structure except that the internal glass breaking prevention material is not interposed.

Abstract: A glass crack prevention film-like layer having a glass crack prevention layer exhibiting a dynamic elastic modulus of not larger than 6×106 Pa at 20° C., and an anti-reflection film laminated on one surface of the glass crack prevention layer, while the other surface of the glass crack prevention layer is provided as an adhesive face. A plasma display device having a plasma display panel, and a glass crack prevention film-like layer defined above and directly attached to a visual side of the plasma display panel through the adhesive face of the glass crack prevention layer contained in the glass crack prevention film-like layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic electroluminescence device including an organic layer comprising an emissive layer; a pair of electrodes comprising an anode and a cathode, and sandwiching the organic layer, wherein at least one of the electrodes is transparent; a transparent layer provided adjacent to a light extracting surface of the transparent electrode; and a region substantially disturbing reflection and retraction angle of light provided adjacent to a light extracting surface of the transparent layer or in an interior of the transparent layer, wherein the transparent layer has a refractive index substantially equal to or more than the refractive index of the emissive layer.

Abstract: In a transparent laminate, n thin-film units (n=3 or 4) are laminated unit by unit successively on a surface of a substrate, and a high-refractive-index transparent thin film is deposited on a surface of the laminate of the n thin-film units, each of the n thin-film units consisting of a high-refractive-index thin film and a silver transparent conductive thin film. When the silver transparent conductive thin films are deposited by a vacuum dry process, the temperature T(K) of the transparent substrate at the time of film deposition is set to be in a range 340?T?410, whereby the transparent laminate having a standard deviation of visible light transmittance which is not larger than 5% in a wave range of from 450 to 650 nm can be produced.

Abstract: A method for treating osteochondrosis comprising the irradiation of a joint of a patient of osteochondrosis with ultrasound is provided, as a method enabling the shortening of a period of a conservative treatment such as the limitation of movement, the treatment of a case which does not respond to a conservative treatment and the alleviation of pain by accelerating the repair of a damaged site of osteochondrosis. As an apparatus therefor, an apparatus for treating osteochondrosis comprising an ultrasound treatment head module having a built-in ultrasound transducer and applying ultrasound on a joint caput site of a patient of osteochondrosis, a control means for controlling the ultrasound, and a joint fixing means having functions of fixing the joint at a specified angle in the patient of osteochondrosis and simultaneously fixing the ultrasound treatment head module on the joint site is provided.

Abstract: An organic EL cell is formed to satisfy the expression (1): B0<B&thgr; in which B0 is a normal luminance intensity of luminescence radiated from a light extraction surface to an observer side, and B&thgr; is aluminance intensity of the luminescence at an angle of 50° to 70°. A region for disturbing an angle of reflection/refraction of light is provided in an optical path in which the luminescence is output from said emitting layer to the observer side through said transparent electrode. As the region, an anisotropic scattering resin layer containing a light-transmissive resin, and micro domains dispersed/distributed in the light-transmissive resin and different in birefringence characteristic may be formed substantially without interposition of any air layer in an optical path in which the luminescence is output from the emitting layer to the observer side through the transparent electrode.