Abstract: A refrigerant refill amount calculating apparatus is provided with concentration measuring units for measuring component ratios X1:Y1:Z1 of fluorocarbon S contained in a refrigerating machine, and a calculation processing unit. The calculating unit calculates additional filling amounts of respective refrigerant components which are required to fill fluorocarbon having a defined amount “A” in accordance with defined component ratios X:Y:Z within the refrigerating machine 2 based upon an additional filling amount Xa of a refrigerant component which has been additionally filled into the refrigerating machine, and a change amount of component ratios X1:Y1:Z1, X2:Y2:Z2 which have been measured before and after the refrigerant component was filled. Refill amounts of refrigerant components can be easily calculated in a correct manner.

Abstract: A hierarchical lossless encoding and decoding technology for digital signals such as of music data, audio data, or the like. A lossless reproduced signal is made identical to an input signal even when the processing accuracy in an encoding apparatus and the processing accuracy in a decoding apparatus are different from each other. the encoding apparatus transmits low-bit-rate encoded data produced by encoding an input signal, lossless encoded data produced by effecting lossless encoding on a differential signal between a low-bit-rate decoded signal decoded from the low-bit-rate encoded data and the input signal, and corrective information extracted from the low-bit-rate decoded signal to respective input terminals of the decoding apparatus. A low-bit-rate decoder decodes the low-bit-rate encoded data. A lossless decoder decodes the differential signal. A corrector corrects the low-bit-rate decoded signal based on the corrective information.

Abstract: A multi-component analyzing apparatus in which infrared light is irradiated to a measuring-subject sample S which is constituted by either measuring-subject components whose sorts or quantities are limited or by a mixed article made of said measuring-subject components; intensity of infrared light having respective wavelength ranges which are fitted to infrared absorption spectra of the respective measuring-subject components among such infrared light penetrated through the measuring-subject sample S is measured by employing a plurality of detectors 4a to 4g corresponding thereto; and said multi-component analyzing apparatus is comprised of a calculation processing unit 6 for analyzing the infrared light intensity of the respective wavelength ranges so as to acquire concentration x1 to x7 of the respective measuring-subject components; wherein the calculation processing unit 6 is capable of executing an analyzing process program P for executing analysis operations of the concentration x1 to x7 of the respecti

Abstract: If both the electric heaters and combustion heaters constitute a hybrid type hot-air heater wherein both heaters are equipped with inlets adjacent to each other and are also housed within a frame and separated such that the air blowing systems of each heater are independent of each other, air leakage will occur in only the combustion heater during the heating operation in a direction opposite to the air blowing passage of the electric heater thereby resulting in dust adhering to the electric heater. If the electric heater is operated in this state, the dust will be heated and then burn causing a foul odor to occur when the heating operation first starts. Therefore, the air blowing fan 43 runs to remove any dust that entered into the air blowing passage before the electric heater 4 runs when the electric heater unit 4, equipped with an electric heater 44, is performing a heating operation.

Abstract: A refrigerant refill amount calculating apparatus is provided with concentration measuring units for measuring component ratios X1:Y1:Z1 of fluorocarbon S contained in a refrigerating machine, and a calculation processing unit. The calculating unit calculates additional filling amounts of respective refrigerant components which are required to fill fluorocarbon having a defined amount “A” in accordance with defined component ratios X:Y:Z within the refrigerating machine 2 based upon an additional filling amount Xa of a refrigerant component which has been additionally filled into the refrigerating machine, and a change amount of component ratios X1:Y1:Z1, X2:Y2:Z2 which have been measured before and after the refrigerant component was filled. Refill amounts of refrigerant components can be easily calculated in a correct manner.

Abstract: A mapping transform unit (11) subjects input audio signals to a mapping transform and generates frequency region signals that take frequency as a variable; a code amount designation unit (12) supplies a preset coding bit rate as a code amount output; a frequency region signal compression encoder (13), based on the code amount, subjects input frequency region signals to a compression encoding process and generates a bitstream; and a bandwidth-limiting unit (10) executes a bandwidth-limiting processing in which a part of the frequency zone covered by frequency region signals is allotted to an attenuation frequency zone, and in which the value of the frequency region signal is multiplied by an attenuation coefficient having a value less than 1 in the attenuation frequency zone to attenuate the frequency region signal in the attenuation frequency zone, and supplies the frequency region signals that have undergone the bandwidth-limiting processing to the frequency region signal compression encoder (13).

Abstract: A coding parameter control circuit 31 computes frame length from bit rate and coding delay, and provides the computed frame length data to a CELP coding circuit 32. On the basis of the computed frame length, the coding parameter control circuit 32 selects control parameters from a table, in which a plurality of control parameters for controlling the operation of the CELP coding circuit are set, on the basis of the bit rate, and provides the selected control parameters to the CELP coding circuit. The coding parameter control circuit provides the sub-frame length, and bit number distributed to the multi-pulse signal to the multi-pulse signal generation parameter setting circuit 33. The multi-pulse signal coding parameter setting circuit 33 computes pulse number of multi-pulse excitation signal, pulse position candidates of each pulse and candidate positions thereof from the sub-frame length and bit number of multi-pulse signal.

Abstract: A multi-component analyzing apparatus for measuring a concentration ratio of gas components of fron gas is provided, while the fron gas is constituted by several sorts of single gas components of fron gas, and the fron gas is employed as a measuring subject sample made by mixing a plurality of measuring subject components with each other, whose sort and quantity are limited.

Abstract: A coding parameter control circuit 31 computes frame length from bit rate and coding delay, and provides the computed frame length data to a CELP coding circuit 32. On the basis of the computed frame length, the coding parameter control circuit 32 selects control parameters from a table, in which a plurality of control parameters for controlling the operation of the CELP coding circuit are set, on the basis of the bit rate, and provides the selected control parameters to the CELP coding circuit. The coding parameter control circuit provides the sub-frame length, and bit number distributed to the multi-pulse signal to the multi-pulse signal generation parameter setting circuit 33. The multi-pulse signal coding parameter setting circuit 33 computes pulse number of multi-pulse excitation signal, pulse position candidates of each pulse and candidate positions thereof from the sub-frame length and bit number of multi-pulse signal.

Abstract: A first CELP coding circuit receiving a signal obtained by down-sampling of an input signal by a down-sampling circuit, outputs a part of coded output to a second CELP coding circuit. The second CELP coding circuit encodes the input signal on the basis of the coded output of the first CELP coding circuit. A multiplexer outputs the coded outputs of the first and second CELP coding circuits in a form of a bit stream. A demultiplexer outputs the coded output of the first CELP coding circuit from the bit stream to a first CELP decoding circuit when a control signal is low bit rate, and extracts a part of the output of the first CELP coding circuit and the output of the second CELP coding circuit to output to a second CELP decoding circuit to output via a switch circuit when the control signal is high bit rate.

Abstract: Auxiliary multi-pulse setting circuit 130 set candidates of pulse positions so that the pulse positions to which no pulse is located are selected in auxiliary multi-pulse searching circuit 131 prior to the pulse positions at which pulses have already been encoded in multi-pulse searching circuit 110. Auxiliary multi-pulse searching circuit 131 generates an auxiliary multi-pulse signal according to the candidates of pulse positions set in auxiliary multi-pulse setting circuit 130 and encodes the auxiliary multi-pulse signal so that difference between the reproduced audio signal which is obtained by driving a linear predictive synthesis filter with the auxiliary multi-pulse signal and an input audio signal is minimized similarly to multi-pulse searching circuit 110.

Abstract: A speech coding device in which an excitation signal of speech signals is expressed as a sum of a plurality of pulse strings, and positions of the pulse strings are selected from predetermined pulse position candidates to determine the excitation signal so that distortion between an input speech signal and a reproduced speech signal obtained by exciting a synthetic filter using the excitation signal may be minimized, resulting in obtaining reproduced speech signals with high quality in a small operational amount. In a pulse searcher, a pulse generating section outputs a plurality of pulse strings, and a pulse searching section sequentially searches the pulse strings to determine the positions of the plurality of pulse strings constituting the excitation signal. One pulse searching section searches using a Viterbi algorithm. Another pulse searching section preliminarily searches in a tree shape of pulse position candidates. Another pulse searching section searches every pulse position candidate group.

Abstract: A receiving unit receives input speech data on a frame-by-frame basis. An error detection unit checks whether errors exist in each frame, and outputs a signal indicative thereof to a first switch circuit. The first switch circuit outputs the input speech data to a second switch circuit if an error is detected, while it outputs the input speech data to a speech decoder unit if no error is detected. A data memory stores the input speech data after delaying the data by one frame, and outputs the delayed data to a bad frame masking unit for voiced frame, and a bad frame masking unit for unvoiced frame. The speech decoder unit decodes the input speech data by using spectral parameter data, delay of an adaptive codebook, an index of an excitation codebook, gains of the adaptive and excitation codebooks, and the amplitude of the input speech signal. The speech decoder unit outputs a decoding result to a voiced/unvoiced frame judging unit, as well as to an output terminal.

Abstract: A speech signal coding apparatus includes a dividing section for dividing a speech signal in units of sub-frames. A spectrum parameter section calculates a spectrum parameter for each sub-frame. An error signal generating section generates a perceptual sensitivity weighted error signal from a reproduction signal and the speech signal for a sub-frame. An adaptive code book is referred to based on the perceptual sensitivity weighted error signal so that an adaptive code vector and a pitch period is selected. Also, an excitation code book is referred to based on the perceptual sensitivity weighted error signal so that an excitation code vector from the excitation code book is selected. In a gain code vector section having a gain code book which stores gain code vectors, a gain code book is referred to based on the perceptual sensitivity weighted error signal, so that a gain code vector is selected.

Abstract: In a vector quantizer device including an input vector quantizer (11) for a current input vector of an input vector sequence to produce a first quantized vector and a predicted vector quantizer (13) responsive to the input vector sequence for quantizing into a second predicted vector a predicted vector predictive of the current input vector with quantization, a predicting unit (37) produces the predicted vector in response to a predetermined number of output vectors including such first and second quantized vectors. Responsive to a prediction error vector between the current input and the predicted vectors, a control circuit (35) controls, at a time, input and output switches (31, 33) to supply the input vector sequence to only one selected quantizer of the input and the predicted vector quantizers and to produce as one of the output vectors one of the first and the second quantized vectors that is produced by the selected quantizer.

Abstract: The invention provides a voice signal transmission system which reduces the amount of increase in calculation while suppressing possible deterioration of the performance by an expansion in the distribution of a voice parameter representative of an envelope of a voisce pectrum when input voice having a plurality of frequency characteristics is treated simultaneously. Discrimination circuit 5 discriminates, based on a voice parameter extracted by spectrum parameter extraction circuit 2, another voice parameter obtained by quantization of the extracted voice parameter by first quantization circuit 3 and a further voice parameter obtained by quantization of the extracted audio parameter by second quantization circuit 4, which one of either third quantization circuit 6 designed corresponding to first quantization circuit 3 or fourth quantization circuit 7 designed corresponding to second quantization circuit 4 should be used.

Abstract: A method of press-molding a ceramic green sheet laminate for stacking a plurality of ceramic green sheets with each other and pressing the laminate thus obtained along its thickness by carrying out a first pressurization cycle including steps of pressurizing the laminate at a pressure value P.sub.3 and reducing the pressure to a value P.sub.2, and subsequently carrying out a second pressurization cycle including a step of pressurizing the laminate at a pressure value P.sub.4 and a pressure reduction step.

Abstract: A probe cover for covering the probe of a tympanic thermometer. The cover includes a film member for covering a probe and a flexible retaining member having an opening for allowing passage of the probe therethrough.

Abstract: In order to effectively error-correct decode a plurality of data frames transmitted over a noisy transmission channel, control data is applied to a maximum-likelihood decoder such as to change decoding parameters thereof. The control data is generated based on frame characteristic information obtained from at least one data frame which precedes a data frame currently decoded at the maximum-likelihood decoder. Thus, the error-correct decoding is implemented using estimated correlation between at least two consecutive data frames one of which is under error-correct decoding. Further, a cyclic code decoder is provided in a receiver for checking a transmission error in the output of the maximum-likelihood decoder. The cyclic code decoder issues a check result which is used to change the contents of the control data.

Abstract: A measuring instrument for receiving radiation through an opening in a housing and having a protective shield member across the opening. The protective shield member is sealed against the housing to project a flexible contact portion at above ambient pressure for contacting and conforming to the surface of an object. A flexible dome on the protective shield member can pump air into the protective shield member to provide the desired internal pressure. The protective shield member is relatively thin and reaches thermal equilibrium with the object in a relatively short period of time, when the measuring instrument is a radiation thermometer.