Abstract: A novel design of filters for removing iron rust particulates and other polymeric sludge from refinery and chemical process streams that are paramagnetic in nature is provided. The performance of these filters is greatly enhanced by the presence of the magnetic field induced by magnets. Basically, the filter comprises a high-pressure vessel with means to support the plurality of magnets in the form of bars or plates that are encased in stainless steel tubes or columns. Filters with various configurations are disclosed for accommodating the removal of contaminants from the process streams of different industries, with high efficiency for contaminants removal, simple construction, low operational and maintenance costs, and low hazardous operation.

Abstract: A continuous online process for rejuvenating whole stream of contaminated lean sulfolane in an extraction system is provided. A rejuvenator is installed in the solvent circulation loop to remove the contaminants continuously to keep the solvent clean, effective and less corrosive. The rejuvenator includes a high pressure vessel with a removable cover and a round rack with vertical stainless steel tubes fitted in the high pressure vessel. A magnetic bar is placed in each stainless steel tube. A screen cylinder is installed outside the ring of stainless steel tubes. As the contaminated sulfolane is passed through the rejuvenator, the rejuvenator picks up contaminants. The rejuvenator can be dissembled to remove the contaminants periodically. The rejuvenator is simple in construction, reliable in operation, and low in operation and maintenance costs. With this rejuvenator, the extraction system operates at high efficiency and high capacity without the dreaded corrosion.

Abstract: A novel design of filters for removing iron rust particulates and other polymeric sludge from refinery and chemical process streams that are paramagnetic in nature is provided. The performance of these filters is greatly enhanced by the presence of the magnetic field induced by magnets. Basically, the filter comprises a high-pressure vessel with means to support the plurality of magnets in the form of bars or plates that are encased in stainless steel tubes or columns. Filters with various configurations are disclosed for accommodating the removal of contaminants from the process streams of different industries, with high efficiency for contaminants removal, simple construction, low operational and maintenance costs, and low hazardous operation.

Abstract: A novel design of filters for removing iron rust particulates and other polymeric sludge from refinery and chemical process streams that are paramagnetic in nature is provided. The performance of these filters is greatly enhanced by the presence of the magnetic field induced by magnets. Basically, the filter comprises a high-pressure vessel with means to support the plurality of magnets in the form of bars or plates that are encased in stainless steel tubes or columns. Filters with various configurations are disclosed for accommodating the removal of contaminants from the process streams of different industries, with high efficiency for contaminants removal, simple construction, low operational and maintenance costs, and low hazardous operation.

Abstract: A continuous online process for rejuvenating whole stream of contaminated lean sulfolane in an extraction system is provided. In particular, a rejuvenator is installed in the solvent circulation loop to remove the contaminants continuously to keep the solvent clean, effective and less corrosive. Specifically, the rejuvenator comprises a high pressure vessel with a removable cover and a round rack with vertical stainless steel tubes fitted in the high pressure vessel. A magnetic bar is placed in each stainless steel tube. A screen cylinder is installed inside the ring of stainless steel tubes. As the contaminated sulfolane is passed through the rejuvenator, the rejuvenator picks up its contaminants. The rejuvenator can be dissembled to remove the contaminants periodically. The rejuvenator is characterized by simple in construction, reliable in operation, and low in operation and maintenance costs.

Abstract: A continuous and regenerative process for removal and destruction of VOC from effluents is disclosed. The process employs two fixed bed reactors in series filled with adsorbent/catalyst. The VOC containing effluent is passed over the first reactor for adsorbing VOC, while the second reactor, which is loaded with VOC from the previous cycle is regenerated with part of the treated gas made up with an appropriate amount of air. Just before the VOC breakthrough occurs at the first reactor, the roles of the two reactors are switched. The process is characterized by simple design, high VOC removal efficiency, no external heat requirement and low operation cost.

Abstract: A composition and use of economical, high efficient burning and environmentally friendly self-propelled liquid fuel for domestic, commercial and industrial application is provided. The fuel could be self-contained for application in small and isolated locations. The fuel is characterized by containing light hydrocarbons as a propellant and low value, heavier hydrocarbon by-products from the refining operations.

Abstract: A continuous and regenerative process for removing VOC from effluents and regenerating VOC loaded catalysts is provided. In particular, the process employs two fixed bed reactors in series filled with adsorbent/catalyst. The VOC containing effluent is passed over the first reactor for adsorbing VOC from the effluent, and part of the treated gas is made up with an appropriate amount of air or hot regenerator exhaust gas to form a regeneration gas. The regeneration gas is passed over the second reactor to regenerate the adsorbent/catalyst, which is loaded with VOC from the previous cycle and to convert the adsorbed VOC into innocuous compounds such as carbon dioxide and water. Just before the VOC breakthrough occurs at the first reactor, the effluent is switched to the second reactor while the regeneration gas is switched to the first reactor to start another operation cycle.

Abstract: A composition and use of economical, high efficient burning and environmentally friendly self-propelled liquid fuel for domestic, commercial and industrial application is provided. The fuel could be self-contained for application in small and isolated locations. The fuel is characterized by containing light hydrocarbons as a propellant and low value, heavier hydrocarbon by-products from the refining operations.

Abstract: Aliphatic esters, R'COOR are produced by reacting the corresponding alcohol, ROH having carbon numbers of the alkyl groups, R′ and R, between 0 and 9 and 1 and 10, respectively, with molecular oxygen in the presence of a dual functional catalyst comprising metal on acidic solid support. In particular, the process is used advantageously for production of ethyl acetate by conversion of ethanol. The reaction mixture from the reactor is separated through azeotropic distillation to recover the ethyl acetate as product and the by-product, acetaldehyde and acetic acid which could be recycled for further reaction. The process is characterized by high conversion of ethanol, high selectivity and high yield for ethyl acetate and low waste stream generation. The preferred catalyst is Pd on zeolites which is active, selective, stable and regenerable.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for rejuvenating an aqueous alkanolamine solution being at least partially deactivated from contact with an acid gas, said rejuvenation method comprising contacting said aqueous alkanolamine solution with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrotreating catalyst under hydrotreating conversion conditions including contact time sufficient to increase the acid gas sorption capacity of said aqueous alkanolamine solution.

Abstract: Acidic halides, especially chlorides, are removed from a dry fluid stream by contact with dry particles of solid caustic. The solid caustic particles are preferably non-porous, and disposed as a fluidized bed. Salts deposit on the surface of the caustic and are physically removed, preferably by attrition, to regenerate the surface of the solid caustic. An dry, slightly alkaline salt can be the only product of neutralization. Salt coated beds of solid caustic can also be regenerated for reuse by attrition removal of salt deposits.

Abstract: Acidic halides, especially chlorides, are removed from liquid hydrocarbons such as catalytic reformate by contact with solid caustic such as a bed of NaOH pellets covered with a thin film of brine. Hydration of reformate improves removal when large amounts of chlorides are present in reformate. Halides in liquid hydrocarbon are recovered as a brine phase, which can be only slightly alkaline. Hydration of reformate can be controlled based on pH of brine removed from the bed.

Abstract: The rejuvenative catalytic oxidation of offensive substances, such as cyanides, sulfides, sulfites, thiosulfates, mercaptans, disulfides, ammonia and mixtures thereof, contained in waste water. The process involves the addition of a low concentration of a metal compound to the waste water to be treated and then passing the waste water along with a source of oxygen over an adsorbent material, thus catalytically oxidizing the offensive substances contained in the waste water. The process reduces the catalytic impact of the loss of metal from the adsorbent material due to leaching and allows the catalyst to be rejuvenated and allows recovery from process upsets in the treating system without unit shutdown and catalyst replacement. An example of the catalytic support is activated carbon and an example of the metal is copper.

Abstract: Acidic halides, especially chlorides, in two phase (vapor and hydrocarbon liquid) reactor effluent are separated and at least the halides in the vapor fraction neutralized in a vapor/liquid separator with an alkaline neutralization medium such as an alumina treater impregnated with NaOH. The treater may remove halides from both the vapor and liquid phase within the separator.

Abstract: Acidic halides, especially chlorides, are removed from dry process vapor and liquid hydrocarbon streams by contact with solid caustic, such as a bed of NaOH. Salt deposits from form on the solid caustic, which are periodically removed by passing a liquid hydrocarbon continuous phase containing a minor amount of dissolved or entrained water over the solid caustic. Salts may be removed from the liquid hydrocarbon by extraction with water, which also saturates the liquid hydrocarbon so that it may be used to remove additional salt deposits.

Abstract: Acidic halogens, especially chlorides, are removed from a dry gas stream by contact with dry particles of solid caustic. The solid caustic particles are preferably non-porous, and disposed in a bed with at least a 10% bed interstitial volume. Limiting halogen content in gas, and operating with a bone dry gas, ensures that salts deposit on the surface of the solid caustic without plugging the bed of solid caustic. Efficient halogen removal can be achieved even when treating a bone dry gas, one having less than 10 ppmv water vapor, at ambient temperature, without plugging the bed.

Abstract: Acidic halides, especially chlorides, are removed from gas by contact with particles of solid caustic covered by aqueous and hydrocarbon phases, respectively. Effective neutralization is achieved without swelling or plugging the bed of solid caustic. Halides are removed as brine. Efficient caustic utilization is achieved by controlling water vapor levels in the gas based on pH of brine product.

Abstract: Acidic halides, especially chlorides, are removed from dry liquid hydrocarbon streams such as catalytic reformate by contact with large particles of low surface area solid caustic such as a bed of NaOH pellets. Effective neutralization is achieved in a bed which is essentially free of any aqueous phase. Salt formed by the neutralization reaction deposit as solids on the surface of the solid caustic. A process for producing a low chloride, dry reformate product is also disclosed.

Abstract: A hydrogenation process for reducing the unsaturation of lubricants uses a catalyst which is based on an ultra-large pore crystalline material. The crystalline material has pores of at least 13 .ANG. diameter arranged in a uniform manner and exhibits unusually large sorption capacity demonstrated by its benzene adsorption capacity of greater than about 15 grams benzene/100 grams (50 torr and 25.degree. C.). A preferred form of the catalyst has a hexagonal structure which exhibits a hexagonal electron diffraction pattern that can be indexed with a d.sub.100 value greater than about 18 .ANG.. The hydrogenation catalysts based on these materials are capable of reducing the unsaturation in poly alpha olefin lubricants to a low level.