Abstract: A crystallization process is improved by employing direct contact cooling whereby a volatile liquid is vaporized to provide the cooling necessary to effect the crystallization. The effluent vapors of the volatile liquid may be liquified and recycled for reuse by manipulation of temperature and/or pressure. In one embodiment, durene is crystallized from a C.sub.10.sup.+ aromatics fraction using liquified n-butane as the coolant.

Abstract: A process for preparing diesel fuel from coal-derived light fuel oils by alkylating said coal-derived light fuel oils with olefins and hydrotreating said alkylated product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for effectively recovering uranium from dilute solutions, particularly alkaline carbonate leachates from an in-situ leaching process. The uranium complexes are made unstable by adjusting the pH of the leachate to about 6.5 using mineral acids or carbon dioxide. The solution is then passed over ion exchanger resin which induces percipitation of uranium. This non-exchangeable uranium on the resin is then eluted or leached with acid or carbonate solution to obtain eluate of high uranium concentration.

Abstract: A solid product resulting from the nucleated growth of the product on solid material of either the same or different composition and having a density higher than the reaction medium is formed from one or more liquid phase reactants by a method which comprises tangentially introducing the liquid phase reaction medium into the lower, smaller end of an inverted, frusto-conical reactor-separator, thereby imparting an upward swirling motion to the reaction medium in the reactor-separator, the horizontal velocity at the bottom of the reactor-separator being sufficiently large to cause fluidization of larger, solid product particles and concentration of them in the central lower portion of the reactor-separator and the vertical velocity at the top of the reactor-separator being sufficiently small to avoid carry-over of the smaller solid particles but sufficiently large to concentrate them in the upper portion of the reactor-separator; at least periodically recovering the larger, solid product particles in spherical

Abstract: A solid product resulting from the nucleated growth of the product on solid material of either the same or different composition and having a density higher than the reaction medium is formed from one or more liquid phase reactants by a method which comprises tangentially introducing the liquid phase reaction medium into the lower, smaller end of an inverted, frusto-conical reactor-separator, thereby imparting an upward swirling motion to the reaction medium in the reactor-separator, the horizontal velocity at the bottom of the reactor-separator being sufficiently large to cause fluidization of larger, solid product particles and concentration of them in the central lower portion of the reactor-separator and the vertical velocity at the top of the reactor-separator being sufficiently small to avoid carry-over of the smaller solid particles but sufficiently large to concentrate them in the upper portion of the reactor-separator; at least periodically recovering the larger, solid product particles in spherical

Abstract: An improved solvent extraction process is described for the preparation of lube oil products, the improvement whereby the solvent contains an additive which facilitates phase separation and increases the yield of raffinate.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for coprocessing of heavy hydrocarbon oil and coal to achieve demetalation of the oil and liquefaction of the coal.An essential aspect of the process is a two-stage visbreaking system in which the oil and coal are heat-treated respectively at the optimum severity for each, with little formation of coke byproduct.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for upgrading a heavy hydrocarbon oil to motor fuel products.The heavy hydrocarbon oil is admixed with a metal halide catalyst and a solvent component under supercritical conditions to form (1) a dense-gas solvent phase which contains refined hydrocarbon crackate, and which is substantially free of metal halide catalyst content; and (2) a residual asphaltic phase.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for repairing and surfacing broken asphalt pavements which involves applying to the distressed pavement a binder composition which has exceptional solvating power for asphaltic material, and which functions to solubilize and incorporate aged pavement asphalt into the binder composition as it penetrates and fills void spaces.Illustrative of a preferred binder composition which is applied to the distressed pavement is a homogeneous blend of (1) a FCC main column bottoms residuum boiling above about 650.degree. F., and (2) an asphalt-soluble elastomer which improves the elasticity and wear resistance of the binder composition.

Abstract: An asphalt containing petroleum oil is deasphalted and extracted by contacting the oil with a solvent maintained at its critical temperature and pressure. With the solvent at its critical temperature and pressure, extraction of the valuable hydrocarbon oils present in the asphaltic feedstock is effected by way of vapor-liquid phase separation which serves to decompose the metal complexes present in the feedstock, thus reducing the metal content of the extracted hydrocarbon oil. Examples of solvents employed in the process of the invention include C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 cuts of typical refinery streams, benzene, toluene, ethylene glycols and the like. In one process embodiment, promoters or catalyst are employed to further reduce the metal content of the extracted hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: This invention provides a process which involves visbreaking of a heavy hydrocarbon oil in the presence of a suspension of coal particles of 50-2000 micron size.The presence of the fine coal solids permits severe visbreaking conditions which increases the yield of fuel range distillate products. Coke deposition occurs on the surfaces of the coal particles rather than on the surfaces of the heater chambers.The coal particle surfaces also serve to catalyze demetallation of the heavy oil feedstock, and to adsorb demetallation deposits.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for coprocessing of residual oil and coal which in one embodiment involves the steps of (1) visbreaking a slurry of heavy hydrocarbon oil and finely divided coal; (2) deasphalting the visbroken admixture to provide a solvent-oil fraction and a precipitated asphaltic solids fraction; (3) stripping the deasphalting solvent from the oil fraction to yield demetallized liquid hydrocarbon product; and (4) treating the asphaltic solids fraction under flotation conditions in an aqueous medium to recover a float phase of organic solids product.

Abstract: A solid product resulting from the nucleated growth of the product on solid material of either the same or different composition and having a density higher than the reaction medium is formed from one or more liquid phase reactants by a method which comprises tangentially introducing the liquid phase reaction medium into the lower, smaller end of an inverted, frusto-conical reactor-separator, thereby imparting an upward swirling motion to the reaction medium in the reactor-separator, the horizontal velocity at the bottom of the reactor-separator being sufficiently large to cause fluidization of larger, solid product particles and concentration of them in the central lower portion of the reactor-separator and the vertical velocity at the top of the reactor-separator being sufficiently small to avoid carry-over of the smaller solid particles but sufficiently large to concentrate them in the upper portion of the reactor-separator; at least periodically recovering the larger, solid product particles in spherical

Abstract: This invention provides a process for repairing and surfacing broken asphalt pavements which involves applying to the distressed pavement a binder composition which has exceptional solvating power for asphaltic material, and which functions to solubilize and incorporate aged pavement asphalt into the binder composition as it penetrates and fills void spaces.Illustrative of a preferred binder composition which is applied to the distressed pavement is a homogeneous blend of (1) a FCC main column bottoms residuum boiling above about 650.degree. F., and (2) an asphalt-soluble elastomer which improves the elasticity and wear resistance of the binder composition.

Abstract: An improved solvent extraction process is described for the preparation of lube oil products, the improvement whereby the solvent contains an additive which facilitates phase separation and increases the yield of raffinate.

Abstract: Improved method for solubilizing solid carbonaceous materials, e.g., wood and/or coal in an aromatic petroleum or coal-derived solvent in the presence of alkali and hydrogen transfer agent at elevated temperatures. The liquid products can be used as fuels or further processed into desirable products.

Abstract: A method for reducing NO.sub.x in stack gases is disclosed which comprises contacting stack gas with a fluidized bed of pulverized coal at a temperature within the range from about 400.degree.-700.degree. C., passing the gaseous effluent from the fluidized bed reactor to a heat recovery unit to complete the combustion of volatiles evolved in the fluidized bed reactor and to recover the heat content of the treated stack gas, and then discharging the treated gas to the atmosphere. In a preferred embodiment of the method of this invention, the treated gases passing from the heat recovery unit are subjected to a sulfur compound removal step before being discharged to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A method is described for preparing a solid fuel, in either powder or briquette form, for use in small furnaces.The fuel has a relatively uniform heating value of 12,000-14,000 Btu per pound and is prepared by crushing and grinding coal to less than 200 mesh and drying and oxidizing the coal with a hot gas containing a trace of oxygen to a dried moisture content of 1-15%. Selected quantities of additives having approximately the same fineness are combined with the coals to minimize the effects of sulfur, to improve combustion and ash properties, to maintain fluidity of the solid fuel in powder form, to inhibit moisture pick-up, and to prevent auto-ignition and spontaneous combustion during storage of the solid fuel.

Abstract: An improved solvent extraction process is described for the preparation of lube oil products, the improvement whereby the extract phase is subjected to a voltage gradient.

Abstract: Asphalt compositions are provided containing a ductility improving amount of a refinery stream obtained in the form of a bottoms fraction from a thermofor catalytic cracking or fluid catalytic cracking operation.