Abstract: A rubber composition comprising (i) 100 parts by weight of a rubber and (ii) 10 to 180 parts by weight of a composite composed of an oxidative condensate obtained by oxidative condensation of a &pgr;-electron aromatic compound and carbon black and a pneumatic tire using the same as a tire tread.

Abstract: A photodetection device 10 is provided wherein a condenser lens 12 is arranged in front of a photodetection element 11. This photodetection device is of high photodetection angular efficiency with a constant photodetection e.m.f. over a prescribed region, of high photodetection angular efficiency and does not pick up optical interference. By forming condenser lens 12 as a non-spherical lens that concentrates light onto a single point of convergence C without spherical aberration and moving the photodetection element 11 further towards lens 12 than the point of convergence C, it is arranged that light that has passed through condenser lens 12 is received over the entire region of the photodetection surface of photodetection element 11 and also that all of the light that is incident onto condenser lens 12 inclined at a prescribed angle is received by the photodetection surface.

Abstract: A rubber vulcanization agent comprising a polysulfide polymer having an average number of sulfur bonds in the repeating units of more than 2 but not more than 6 and having the formula (I) R—S&Parenopenst;Y—Sx&Parenclosest;nY—S—R  (I) wherein Y indicates an alkylene group which may include a hetero atom, R is a residue obtained by reacting a thiol group with an unsaturated alicyclic compound, an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having the structure (III) or (IV), which may include a hetero atom so as to cap the end thiol group, n is an integer of 1 to 100, and x is more than 2 but not more than 6.

Abstract: A component device for optical communication comprising a reflector and a lens. The reflector is in the form of a deep dish with a height B of 0.2-0.4 mm, a bottom diameter A of 0.7-1.1 mm and the side wall having an angle C of 40-85 degrees. The lens is a hemisphere formed on the reflector, with the apex distant from the bottom surface of the reflector by a height D of 4.5-5.0 mm. The hemisphere has a radius R of 2.4-2.8 mm. A thin miniature lamp is provided that is improved in leadframe design such that the advantages of the conventional 5 mm.sup..phi. are retained, while its height is reduced to less than 5.5 mm. In addition, it is capable of achieving an effective luminous intensity distribution pattern of a light beam, which is one of the major characteristics required in data communication.

Abstract: The improved lamp apparatus comprises at least a trough-shaped main mirror having a parabolic inner surface, a pair of plane mirrors inclined at opposite ends of said main mirror in such a way as to leave the inner surface of said main mirror open, two light-emitting devices for optical communication that are provided to face said plane mirrors, and a small mirror provided around each of said light-emitting devices to reflect light toward said plane mirrors. The mirror assembly which permits light to spread only in a horizontal direction is combined with a leadframe which assures satisfactory heat dissipation even under application of a large current, thereby creating a luminous intensity distribution pattern from the lamp apparatus that covers a wide range in the horizontal direction even if it is used alone.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a polymer composed of an alkyl substituted poly(2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diyl) having a chemical formula which is at least one of: ##STR1## wherein R and R' are H or an alkyl group having not less than 1 carbon atom, except that at least one of R and R' is an alkyl group having not less than 3 carbons, `n` is a degree of polymerization and is not less than 10, the process including:providing at least one alkyl substituted 5,5'-dihalogenated-2,2'-bipyridine having alkyl substituents in the 3-, 4- or 6-position of two pyridinediyl groups; and polymerizing the at least one alkyl substituted 5,5'-dihalogeanted-2,2'-bipyridine by adding an effective amount thereto of at least one substance which is effective to remove halogens therefrom, which at least one substance is selected from the group consisting of (a) at least one metal which is capable of dehalogenating the alkyl substituted 5,5'-dihalogenated-2,2'-bipyridine and (b) at least one compound containing at least one metal which is cap

Abstract: A process of producing a device which is one of a battery, an electrochromic device, an electronic device, an n-type conductor, or an electroluminescent device includes fabricating at least one constituent of the device from a polymer comprised of poly(alkylpyridine-2,5-diyl) having a chemical formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having not less than 3 carbon atoms, and n is a degree of polymerization and is not less than 30. Preferably R is an alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms and n is a degree of polymerization and is not less than 30. Most preferably R is an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of a hexyl group, a pentyl group, an octyl group, a decyl group, and a dodecyl group.

Abstract: A polymer including poly(alkylpyridine-2,5-diyl) which has a chemical formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having not less than 3 carbon atoms, and n is a degree of polymerization and is not less than 30, and a process for manufacturing the polymer which includes the steps of (a) providing at least one 2,5-dihalogenated alkylpyridine which includes an alkyl group having not less than 3 carbon atoms; and (b) polymerizing the at least one 2,5-dihalogenated alkylpyridine by adding an effective amount thereto of substance which is effective to remove halogen atoms therefrom, which substance is selected from the group consisting of (a) a metal which is capable of dehalogenating 2,5-dihalogenated alkylpyridine and (b) a compound containing said metal which is capable of dehalogenating 2,5-dihalogenated alkylpyridine.

Abstract: A polymer, including alkyl substituted poly(2,2 '-bipyridine-5,5 '-diyl) having chemical formulae as follows: ##STR1## wherein R and R' are H or an alkyl group having not less than 1 carbon atom, except that at least one of R and R' is an alkyl group having not less than 3 carbons, `n` is a degree of polymerization and is not less than 10. The polymer may be used as a material for a device selected from the group consisting of a battery, an electrochromic device, an electronic device, a n-type conductor and an electroluminescence device, and may be used as polymer ligand to a metal element.