Abstract: The method of manufacturing an optical semiconductor device includes: a mounting step of placing an optical semiconductor chip on a package substrate made of ceramic; a storing step of storing the package substrate after the mounting step in a first dry atmosphere; a placing step of subjecting the optical semiconductor chip on the package substrate to a second dry atmosphere and placing a light transparent window on a joint portion of the package substrate with a joint material therebetween; and a sealing step of joining the joint portion and the light transparent window with the joint material in a low oxygen concentration atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 1 vol % or less, thereby encapsulating the optical semiconductor chip in a confined space formed by the package substrate and the light transparent window.

Abstract: Provided is a light-emitting element lamp capable of increasing a light extraction efficiency and its manufacturing method. The light-emitting element lamp according to the present invention includes: a light-emitting element having a semiconductor layer provided on a substrate; a first lens of spherical segment shape provided by protruding from a surface on the opposite side of the semiconductor layer of the substrate and having a spherical cap that includes a bottom surface consisting of an attaching surface to the surface and a protruding surface from the surface and a radius of curvature R1; and a second lens attached to the side of the light-emitting element and the protruding surface of the first lens, in which the second lens has a concave curve from a peripheral side of the bottom surface of the first lens to the semiconductor layer side on the side of the light-emitting element.

Abstract: Provided is an anti-reflection film having low reflectance even for oblique incidence, which film is highly moisture resistant and is suitable for use in a deep ultraviolet light-emitting device. The anti-reflection film includes: a first layer having a first refractive index, provided on the window member; a second layer having a second refractive index; and a third layer having a third refractive index. For light having a wavelength of 280 nm, the first refractive index is 1.6 or more and 2.0 or less, the second refractive index is 2.0 or more and 2.7 or less and is higher than the first refractive index, the third refractive index is 1.3 or more and 1.6 or less and is lower than the first refractive index, and materials of the layers having the first refractive index, the second refractive index, and the third refractive index are made of oxides different from each other.

Abstract: Provided is an anti-reflection film having low reflectance even for oblique incidence, which film is highly moisture resistant and is suitable for use in a deep ultraviolet light-emitting device. The anti-reflection film includes: a first layer having a first refractive index, provided on the window member; a second layer having a second refractive index; and a third layer having a third refractive index. For light having a wavelength of 280 nm, the first refractive index is 1.6 or more and 2.0 or less, the second refractive index is 2.0 or more and 2.7 or less and is higher than the first refractive index, the third refractive index is 1.3 or more and 1.6 or less and is lower than the first refractive index, and materials of the layers having the first refractive index, the second refractive index, and the third refractive index are made of oxides different from each other.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a carbon material comprising a composite of a porous carbon material and a conductive polymer, in which a dispersion solution of the porous carbon material and a dispersion solution of the conductive polymer are mixed to make the composite of the porous carbon material and the conductive polymer. The carbon material has: a specific surface area of 750 to 3000 m2/g, a methylene blue adsorption performance of 150 mL/g or more, and at least three peaks in a range 1250 to 1700 cm?1 of a spectrum obtained by laser Raman spectroscopy with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a carbon material comprising a composite of a porous carbon material and a conductive polymer, in which a dispersion solution of the porous carbon material and a dispersion solution of the conductive polymer are mixed to make the composite of the porous carbon material and the conductive polymer. The carbon material has: a specific surface area of 750 to 3000 m2/g, a methylene blue adsorption performance of 150 mL/g or more, and at least three peaks in a range 1250 to 1700 cm?1 of a spectrum obtained by laser Raman spectroscopy with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode material and a graphite material used for an electrode material, from which an electrochemical element with a small initial irreversible capacity and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. A graphite material of the present invention is a graphite material having a specific surface area of 0.1 to 30 m2/g, an intensity ratio R (ID/IG) of a peak intensity (ID) at around 1,360 cm?1 to a peak intensity (IG) at around 1,580 cm?1 of not less than 0.60 and not more than 1.30, and an intensity ratio S (I1520/IG) of a peak intensity (I1520) at 1,520 cm?1 to a peak intensity (IG) at around 1,580 cm?1 of not less than 0.55 and not more than 0.70, in a spectrum obtained by the laser Raman spectroscopy using an excitation wavelength of 532 nm.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element that can achieve superior moisture resistance. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is an electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element which contains an organic salt compound (A) and a lamellar clay mineral (B), wherein the above-mentioned organic salt compound (A) contains more than 50 mass %, in terms of cationic weight, of an organic salt compound (a1) having a specific cation.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode material and a carbon material used in an electrode material that enable an electrochemical element to be obtained with high electrostatic capacitance. The carbon material according to the present invention is a carbon material that has a specific surface area of 750 to 3000 m2/g, has a methylene blue adsorption performance of 150 mL/g or more, and has at least three peaks in a range 1250 to 1700 cm?1 in a spectrum obtained by laser Raman spectroscopy with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide: an electric double-layer capacitor, a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion capacitor, each of which has excellent cycle characteristics; an electrode material which is capable of providing the electric double-layer capacitor, the lithium ion secondary battery, and the lithium ion capacitor; and a composite which is used in the electrode material. The composite of the present invention is a composite produced by compositing from 0.5 to 5 parts by mass of nitrogen atom-containing conductive polymer per 100 parts by mass of porous carbon material. The composite of the present invention is a composite where the peak area ratio (nitrogen/carbon ratio) of peak area derived from nitrogen atoms to peak area derived from carbon atoms in the spectrum by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy becomes 0.005 to 0.05.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element that can achieve superior moisture resistance, and a photoelectric conversion element and a dye-sensitized solar cell using the electrolyte. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element of the present invention includes an organic solvent (A) and a lamellar clay mineral (B). The organic solvent (A) has a boiling point of 150° C. or higher, and a relative dielectric constant of 20 or higher.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide: an electric double-layer capacitor, a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion capacitor, each of which has excellent cycle characteristics; an electrode material which is capable of providing the electric double-layer capacitor, the lithium ion secondary battery, and the lithium ion capacitor; and a composite which is used in the electrode material. The composite of the present invention is a composite produced by compositing from 0.5 to 5 parts by mass of nitrogen atom-containing conductive polymer per 100 parts by mass of porous carbon material. The composite of the present invention is a composite where the peak area ratio (nitrogen/carbon ratio) of peak area derived from nitrogen atoms to peak area derived from carbon atoms in the spectrum by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy becomes 0.005 to 0.05.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element that can achieve superior moisture resistance, and a photoelectric conversion element and a dye-sensitized solar cell using the electrolyte. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element of the present invention includes an organic solvent (A) and a lamellar clay mineral (B). The organic solvent (A) has a boiling point of 150° C. or higher, and a relative dielectric constant of 20 or higher.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element capable of obtaining a dye-sensitized solar cell having excellent stability. The electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element of the present invention is an electrolyte for a photoelectric conversion element that contains an organic salt compound (A) having a tertiary or quaternary cation and an organically modified lamellar double hydroxide (B).

Abstract: The present invention provides: an electric double-layer capacitor, a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium ion capacitor, each having high electrostatic capacitance and excellent cycle characteristics; an electrode material capable of providing the electric double-layer capacitor, the lithium ion secondary battery, and the lithium ion capacitor; and a composite used in the electrode material. The composite of a conductive polymer has a nitrogen atom and a porous carbon material. The conductive polymer is bound to a surface of the porous carbon material. A total pore volume of all of the pores having a diameter of 0.5 to 100.0 nm measured by a BJH method is from 0.3 to 3.0 cm3/g, and a proportion, measured by the BJH method, of the pore volume of the pores having a diameter of 2.0 nm or more and less than 20.0 nm is not less than 10% of the total pore volume.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a photovoltaic device including (i) a layered clay mineral and/or an organically modified layered clay mineral and (ii) an ionic liquid as well as a photovoltaic device including a photoelectrode including a transparent conducting layer and a metal oxide semiconductor mesoporous film using, as an electrolyte layer, the same, a counter electrode facing this photoelectrode and an electrolyte layer arranged between the photoelectrode and the counter electrode as well as a dye-sensitized solar cell composed of a photovoltaic device and a photosensitizer carried on a metal oxide semiconductor mesoporous film of the photovoltaic device, wherein the conductive substrate is obtained by coating, on a conductive substrate, a conductive polyaniline dispersion stably dispersed in an organic solvent including (A) a polyaniline obtained by polymerization of aniline or an aniline derivative, (B) a sulfonic acid compound and/or (C) an organic polymer having a protonic acid group, (D) a molecular weight mod