Abstract: A frequency multiplier circuit comprises: a source oscillator configured to generate a source oscillator signal using a crystal oscillator; and n frequency multiplier circuits (n is an integer which is 2 or more), each of which includes a 90° phase shifter circuit configured to shift the phase of an input signal by 90°, and a mixer configured to generate a doubled signal of the input signal on the basis of the input signal and an output signal of the 90° phase shifter circuit, wherein the n frequency multiplier circuits are cascade-connected, the source oscillation signal being inputted to a first stage frequency multiplier circuit of the n frequency multiplier circuits, and a final stage frequency multiplier circuit of the n frequency multiplier circuits outputting a signal having a frequency 2n times as high as the frequency of the source oscillation signal.

Abstract: An Ni—Fe alloy material suitable for forming a ferromagnetic Ni—Fe alloy thin film is provided. The magnetic thin film produces a small number of particles during sputtering, and excels in corrosion resistance and magnetic properties. A method of manufacturing an Ni—Fe alloy sputtering target used to make the thin film is also provided. In addition, an Ni—Fe alloy sputtering target for forming magnetic thin films is provided. The sputtering target is characterized in that it has: an oxygen content of 50 ppm or less; an S content of 10 ppm or less; a carbon content of 50 ppm or less, and a total content of metal impurities other than the alloy components of 50 ppm or less. Such an Ni—Fe alloy target can be produced by melting and alloying high-purity materials obtained by dissolving the raw materials in hydrochloric acid, and performing ion exchange, activated-charcoal treatment, and electrolytic refining.

Abstract: There is provided a high-purity ruthenium sputtering target with a low impurity content, in particular producing extremely few particles, which is suitable for applications such as the formation of semiconductor thin films. The high-purity ruthenium sputtering target is manufactured by feeding crude ruthenium powder into a sodium hydroxide solution; blowing an ozone-containing gas while or after blowing chlorine gas into the solution to form ruthenium tetroxide; absorbing the ruthenium tetroxide in a hydrochloric acid solution or a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride, and evaporating the solution to dryness; sintering the resultant ruthenium salt in a hydrogen atmosphere to form high-purity ruthenium powder; and hot-pressing the ruthenium powder into a sputtering target.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing a coil-embedded dust core by embedding a coil in magnetic powders comprising ferromagnetic metal particles coated with an insulating material. At the first compression molding step one portion of magnetic powders is filled in a molding die and then compression molded to form a lower core. At a coil positioning step the coil is positioned on the upper surface of the lower core in the molding die. At a coil embedding step another portion of magnetic powders is again filled in the molding die in such a way that the coil is embedded in these magnetic powders. At the second compression molding step pressure is applied to the lower core and coil in the direction of lamination thereof.

Abstract: Mn alloy materials for magnetic materials contain 500 ppm or less, preferably 100 ppm or less, oxygen, 100 ppm or less, probably 20 ppm or less, sulfur, and preferably a total of 1000 ppm or less, more preferably 500 ppm or less, impurities (elements other than Mn and the alloying component). The alloying component that forms an alloy with Mn is one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ir, Pt, pd, Rh, Ru, Ni, Cr and Co. Sputtering targets formed from the Mn alloy materials for use in depositing magnetic thin film, and the thin films so produced.

Abstract: An Ni—Fe alloy material suitable for forming a ferromagnetic Ni—Fe alloy thin film is provided. The magnetic thin film produces a small number of particles during sputtering, and excels in corrosion resistance and magnetic properties. A method of manufacturing an Ni—Fe alloy sputtering target used to make the thin film is also provided. In addition, an Ni—Fe alloy sputtering target for forming magnetic thin films is provided. The sputtering target is characterized in that it has: an oxygen content of 50 ppm or less; an S content of 10 ppm or less; a carbon content of 50 ppm or less, and a total content of metal impurities other than the alloy components of 50 ppm or less. Such an Ni—Fe alloy target can be produced by melting and alloying high-purity materials obtained by dissolving the raw materials in hydrochloric acid, and performing ion exchange, activated-charcoal treatment, and electrolytic refining.

Abstract: A process for producing a high-purity Mn material comprising the steps of premelting crude Mn at 1250-1500° C. and vacuum distilling the melt at 1100-1500° C. The degree of vacuum during the vacuum distillation ranges from 5×10−6 torr to 10 torrs. A crucible for use in the vacuum distillation is a double crucible, which consists of inner and outer crucibles, and a carbon felt packed in the space therebetween. A high-purity Mn material for thin film deposition which contains a total of not more than 100 ppm impurity metallic elements, not more than 200 ppm oxygen, not more than 50 ppm nitrogen, not more than 50 ppm S, and not more than 100 ppm C.

Abstract: A target material for sputtering composed of a perovskite type composite oxide sintered body of the general formula BaxSr1−xTiO3−y (where 0≦x<1 and 0≦y<0.5), in which the content of each element in the group consisting of Na, K, Mg, Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, and Al is 1 ppm or less and the content of each element of U and Th is 1 ppb or less. A thin film of BaxSr1−xTiO3 deposited by use of the target material exhibits outstanding dielectric properties, reduces the leakage current that has been a problem in the art, and prevents software error. The invention also provides a sputtering target of a sintered body having a relative density of 97% or more and an average grain diameter of 3 &mgr;m or less. It permits the manufacture of thin films with few particle defects and enhanced mechanical strength.

Abstract: A process comprises forming ruthenium tetroxide by blowing ozone-containing gas into crude ruthenium powder while hypochlorous acid is being added to the powder, allowing a hydrochloric acid solution to absorb the ruthenium tetroxide, evaporating the solution to dryness, and roasting the RuOCl.sub.3 crystals thus obtained in a hydrogen atmosphere. Thus a high-purity ruthenium material for thin film deposition, typically sputtering targey, is obtained which contains less than 1 ppm each of alkali metal elements, less than 1 ppm each of alkaline earth metal elements, less than 1 ppm each of transition metal elements, less than 10 ppb each of radioactive elements, a total of less than 500 ppm of carbon and gaseous ingredient elements, the material having a purity of ruthenium of at least 99.995% excluding the gaseous ingredient elements.

Abstract: A method of forming a ridge around the outer circumference of a spigot formed at an end of a pipe. A ring having a certain wall thickness in its radial direction and formed with a peripheral groove on its outer circumference is placed around the outer circumference of the spigot. Then molten metal is poured into the peripheral groove, so that the bottom of the peripheral groove and the surface of the spigot are melted, thus joining the ring and spigot together.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for detection of a magnetic substance erroneously included in a non-magnetic product. The non-magnetic product such as a sewn product is passed through a high magnetic field in which a magnetic field is applied to the product. The residual magnetization of a magnetic substance such as a broken needle mingled in the product is detected by a sensing unit and a signal of detection is transmitted to a measuring unit to measure the magnitude of detected residual magnetization. The presence or absence of the magnetic substance in the product is determined by a control unit based on the output from the measuring unit. Alternatively, a magnetic field may be preparatorily applied to a magnetic substance having the possibility of being mingled in the non-magnetic product thereby causing the magnetic substance to assume a state of possessing residual magnetization.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for producing a scanning device, also termed a pick-up, for optical recording media, which can be produced with a low outlay and thus cost-effectively, and in comparative terms has a low tilt of the objective lens and improved guidance properties. According to the invention, during the connection of an objective lens holder and actuator base plate, a prestress is applied to wires provided as elastic support of the objective lens holder on an actuator base plate. Scanning devices produced according to the invention for optical recording media have a low tilt of the objective lens and improved guidance properties.

Abstract: A coated optical fiber is produced by the steps of cooling through a cooling assembly an optical fiber obtained by drawing, heating and spinning an optical fiber base material and thereafter coating the optical fiber with a resin wherein a gas mixture including an He gas and possible ambient air is sucked out of the cooling assembly and purified to collect the He gas to be a recovery gas of He which is to be recycled to the cooling assembly together with a pure He gas, but the gas mixture sucked out of the cooling assembly is compressed and stored until the gas mixture reaches a predetermined pressure or more and then purified when it reaches the predetermined pressure while the compressed gas mixture is returned to an upstream side of a compressor which serves to compress the gas mixture so that the flow quantity of gas suction varies in accordance with the flow of He gas supplied to the cooling assembly whereby the gas mixture from the cooling assembly is prevented from lowering an He gas concentration of t

Abstract: A process for producing a high purity cobalt is provided comprising the following steps. An aqueous solution of cobalt chloride having a hydrochloric acid concentration of 7 to 12N is provided. The solution includes either or both of Fe and Ni as impurities. The solution is contacted with an anion exchange resin so that cobalt is adsorbed on the resin. Cobalt is eluted from the resin with hydrochloric acid at a concentration of 1 to 6N. The solution containing the eluted cobalt is dried or otherwise concentrated to produce a purified aqueous solution of cobalt chloride having a pH of 0 to 6. Organic materials are preferably removed from the purified solution by active carbon treatment. Electrolytic refining is conducted with the purified aqueous solution as an electrolyte to obtain electrodeposited cobalt. A high purity cobalt sputtering target can be obtained wherein Na content is 0.05 ppm or less; K content is 0.

Abstract: A solid state image pickup apparatus for removing noise includes a plurality of photoelectric transducer cells, and first and second switch circuitry. Signal readout lines are provided for reading out signals from the plurality of transducer cells. A plurality of first capacitors, each connected to one of the signal readout lines through the first switch circuitry, are provided for selectively storing first signals read out through the signal lines and the first switch circuitry after a predetermined accumulation period. A plurality of second capacitors, each connected to one of the signal read out lines through the second switch circuitry, are provided for selectively storing second signals corresponding to dark current signals read out through the signal read out lines and the second switch circuitry.

Abstract: Solid state image pickup apparatus for removing noise includes a plurality of photoelectric transducer elements for converting incident light into electrical signals, each of the transducer elements having a signal fluctuation. Control circuitry is provided having a first mode for reading out from each transducer element a first signal corresponding to a signal component and a noise component caused by the fluctuation. The control circuitry has a second mode for reading out from each transducer element a second signal corresponding to the noise component caused by the fluctuation, the first and second signals being read out in the same manner from each transducer element. Amplification circuitry is provided for amplifying the first and second signals, the amplification circuitry including a plurality of amplifiers each amplifier being coupled to a respective one of the plurality of transducer elements.

Abstract: A process for producing a high purity cobalt is provided comprising the following steps. An aqueous solution of cobalt chloride having a hydrochloric acid concentration of 7 to 12N is provided. The solution includes either or both of Fe and Ni as impurities. The solution is contacted with an anion exchange resin so that cobalt is adsorbed on the resin. Cobalt is eluted from the resin with hydrochloric acid at a concentration of 1 to 6N. The solution containing the eluted cobalt is dried or otherwise concentrated to produce a purified aqueous solution of cobalt chloride having a pH of 0 to 6. Organic materials are preferably removed from the purified solution by active carbon treatment. Electrolytic refining is conducted with the purified aqueous solution as an electrolyte to obtain electrodeposited cobalt. A high purity cobalt sputtering target can be obtained wherein Na content is 0.05 ppm or less; K content is 0.

Abstract: In optical playback appliances, such as CD-players, the objective lens sits on a lens-holder that is mounted so as to swivel around an axis and that carries at least one coil. The axis of rotation of the lens-holder is secured to a housing. To allow the lens-holder (LH) to move easily, without being hampered by wires, in the optical scanning device, essentially composed of the lens-holder (LH) and the housing (G), the current required for the coils (S1, S2) flows through respective elastic, electroconductive fastening elements (FO, FU) to both ends (SO, SU) of the axis (N), and from said ends (SO, SU), electrically isolated from each other, to the coils (S1, S2), via respective strip conductors (LPO, LBU) on the lens-holder (LH). This optical scanning device with a lens-holder is useful in CD-players, video disk players, DRAW-disk players and in magneto-optical recorders and players.

Abstract: A fastening device for fastening a web-like material to a bag or like garment article comprises a connecting member, a link rotatable relative thereto, a cylindrical retaining member fitted rotatably over the connecting member and having a retaining bar, and a hook member having a J-shaped hook. A retaining pin member is adapted to interconnect the connecting member, the retaining member and the hook member and is resiliently releasable from the retaining member to permit the latter to rotate so that the retaining bar moves out of registration with the J-shaped hook.

Abstract: A swivel hook comprises a hook body including a proximal part having an aperture formed at its upper end to define a pair of overhangs and a substantially J-shaped hook portion extending downward from the proximal part, an annular link having an connecting axle provided on one side thereof, the connecting axle having an enlarged head formed on its distal end, the enlarged head being inserted into the aperture into engagement with the overhangs; a locking member having a pair of opposing side walls defining therebetween a chamber; and biasing means mounted in the chamber. The proximal part of the hook body is pivotally mounted on the locking member within the chamber with the aperture closed by the opposing side walls and with the biasing means acting between the proximal part and the locking member for normally urging the locking member into engagement with the J-shaped hook portion.