Abstract: The present invention provides a method for analyzing agonist-activity to a cytokinin receptor, which comprises (1) bringing an examinee substance into contact with a transformed cell into which DNA coding the cytokinin receptor is introduced and (2) measuring the existence or the quantity of intracellular signal transduction from the cytokinin receptor expressed in the transformed cell, and, a method for analyzing antagonist activity to a cytokinin receptor, which comprises (1) bringing an examinee substance and a substance having agonist-activity to the cytokinin receptor into contact with a transformed cell into which DNA coding the cytokinin receptor is introduced and (2) measuring the existence or the quantity of intracellular signal transduction from the cytokinin receptor expressed in the transformed cell, and the like.

Abstract: It is to provide a novel optically active dibenzazepine derivative having a high utility value as an asymmetric phase-transfer catalyst. It is an optically active 6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepine derivative represented by the following formula (1?), (wherein R represents a divalent organic group for cross-linking the 1st position and the 11th position; R1 and R2 are the same or different, and represent a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, or organic group, or R1 and R2 together represent a divalent organic group; R3?and R4? are the same or different and represent a monovalent organic group, or R3? and R4? together form an organic group that forms a cyclic structure comprising an onium nitrogen atom; Ar represents a monovalent organic group; * represents optical activity, i.e., that one axially asymmetric isomer is present in excess of the other axially asymmetric isomer with respect to a bond axis that constitutes the biphenyl structure of the compound; and X? represents a counter anion).

Abstract: A novel ruthenium compound that is useful as an asymmetric reduction catalyst for carbonyl compounds. The ruthenium compound of the present invention is represented by a formula (I): (Ru(X)2(Pxx)[R1R2C(NH2)—R3R4C(NH2)] (I)), and when this compound is used as an asymmetric reduction catalyst, an optically active aminoalcohol compound can be produced from an ?-aminoketone, and particularly a compound represented by formula (IV), with high stereoselectivity and high yield.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for analyzing agonist-activity to a cytokinin receptor, which comprises (1) bringing an examinee substance into contact with a transformed cell into which DNA coding the cytokinin receptor is introduced and (2) measuring the existence or the quantity of intracellular signal transduction from the cytokinin receptor expressed in the transformed cell, and, a method for analyzing antagonist activity to a cytokinin receptor, which comprises (1) bringing an examinee substance and a substance having agonist-activity to the cytokinin receptor into contact with a transformed cell into which DNA coding the cytokinin receptor is introduced and (2) measuring the existence or the quantity of intracellular signal transduction from the cytokinin receptor expressed in the transformed cell, and the like.

Abstract: An optically active 2,2?-biphenol derivative and a production method that enables simple and efficient production of this compound. More specifically, an optically active biphenol derivative represented by the following formulas (1) and (2), a method for optically resolving a biphenol derivative represented by formula (2?), a production method of an optically active biphenol derivative (1) comprising a step for reacting a Brønsted acid with a biphenol derivative (2), and a production method of an optically active biphenol derivative (3) comprising a step for reacting a Lewis acid with an optically active biphenol derivative (1) or an optically active biphenol derivative (2). In the following formulas, R represents, for example, a primary or secondary alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, * represents an axially asymmetric center, X represents a halogen atom, and R2 represents a tertiary alkyl group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process is provided for efficiently producing an optically active 3-quinuclidinol derivative of high optical purity using a readily available ruthenium compound as an asymmetric reduction catalyst. This process is a process for producing an optically active 3-quinuclidinol derivative represented by the following formula (III) comprising asymmetrically hydrogenating a 3-quinuclidinone derivative represented by the following formula (I) in the presence of a ruthenium compound (II) represented by formula (II): Ru(X)(Y)(Px)n[R1R2C*(NR3R4)-A-R5R6C*(NR7R8)] (in the formulas, R represents a hydrogen atom or C7 to C18 aralkyl group and the like, X and Y represent hydrogen atoms or halogen atoms and the like, Px represents a phosphine ligand, n represents 1 or 2, R1 to R8 represent hydrogen atoms or C1 to C20 alkyl groups and the like, * represents an optically active carbon atom and A represents an ethylene group and the like).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for analyzing agonist-activity to a cytokinin receptor, which comprises (1) bringing an examinee substance into contact with a transformed cell into which DNA coding the cytokinin receptor is introduced and (2) measuring the existence or the quantity of intracellular signal transduction from the cytokinin receptor expressed in the transformed cell, and, a method for analyzing antagonist-activity to a cytokinin receptor, which comprises (1) bringing an examinee substance and a substance having agonist-activity to the cytokinin receptor into contact with a transformed cell into which DNA coding the cytokinin receptor is introduced and (2) measuring the existence or the quantity of intracellular signal transduction from the cytokinin receptor expressed in the transformed cell, and the like.

Abstract: A near-field polarized-light measurement apparatus 10 comprises a near-field probe 14, an analyzer 18, a detector 22, and an analyzer-rotating unit 20. The near-field probe 14 has at a tip thereof an opening smaller than the wavelength of light used for measurement and generates linearly polarized near-field light from the opening and irradiates a sample with the near-field light. The detector 22 detects light transmitted through the sample via the analyzer 18. The analyzer-rotating unit 20 rotates the analyzer 18 about an optical axis to vary the angle of a transmission axis thereof. And optical rotation of the sample is measured by rotating the analyzer 18 with the analyzer-rotating unit 20.

Abstract: A method provides in a fluid device an orifice aperture having an exact aperture size and easy changeability of that size. While being brought into communication with a connecting pipe through an intersecting inner aperture drilled in a lower plate of a device main body, two inner apertures with their one ends opening to a recessed portion are each provided with a female thread. An orifice member provided with a through-hole having an inside diameter corresponding to an orifice aperture and communicating with a hexagon socket into which a hexagon bar spanner wrench is internally fit, is threaded into each female thread whereby the orifice member is mounted. Finally, a covering member is sealingly threaded into an opening of the other end of each inner aperture. Air supplied from the connecting pipe passes through the through-hole serving as the orifice aperture and is blown into oil stored within the recessed portion from an end opening.

Abstract: A connecting rod of an internal combustion engine, and an internal combustion engine including the connecting rod, a piston, a crankshaft and a float bearing as main moving parts. A piston is connected to a connecting rod by a spherical joint and has radial ribs on a rear face of a crown part; a connecting rod is of an integrated, one-piece type having integrally a spherical small end part to be connected to the piston and an annular big end part; the crankshaft is of an assembly type, and a float bearing is interposed between the big end part and a crank pin.

Abstract: A coupling structure for coupling a piston and a connecting rod has a protrusion formed on the rear surface of the crown of the piston and having a semi-spherical concavity and a threaded portion concentric to the concavity, a substantially spherical small end formed at one end of the connecting rod, a holder holding the spherical small end of the connecting rod slidably in the semi-spherical concavity of the protrusion and a fixing ring having a threaded portion engaging with the threaded portion of the protrusion for securing the holder to the protrusion of the piston.

Abstract: A near-field polarized-light measurement apparatus 10 comprises a near-field probe 14, an analyzer 18, a detector 22, and an analyzer-rotating unit 20. The near-field probe 14 has at a tip thereof an opening smaller than the wavelength of light used for measurement and generates linearly polarized near-field light from the opening and irradiates a sample with the near-field light. The detector 22 detects light transmitted through the sample via the analyzer 18. The analyzer-rotating unit 20 rotates the analyzer 18 about an optical axis to vary the angle of a transmission axis thereof. And optical rotation of the sample is measured by rotating the analyzer 18 with the analyzer-rotating unit 20.

Abstract: Provided are a process for producing an acid addition salt of a 3-[4-(8-fluoro-5,11-dihydrobenz[b]oxepino[4,3-b]pyridin-11-ylidene)piperidino]propionic acid alkyl ester by reacting a 3-[4-(8-fluoro-5,11-dihydrobenz[b]oxepino[4,3-b]pyridin-11-ylidene)piperidino]propionic acid alkyl ester with an acid, and a process for producing 3-[4-(8-fluoro-5,11-dihydrobenz[b]oxepino[4,3-b]pyridin-11-ylidene)piperidino]propionic acid using the acid addition salt as an intermediate.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a crown, tubular walls extending from the edge of the crown, and a cup portion protruding from the rear surface of the crown and having a concave spherical surface for forming a spherical joint with a spherical small end on a connecting rod. The tubular walls and the cup portion are joined together by radially extending ribs.

Abstract: A novel 1,2,4-triazole compound which is useful as a therapeutic agent for hyperuricemia and gout due to hyperuricemia is provided. A compound is represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R2 represents an unsubstituted or substituted pyridyl group, R1 represents a similar pyridyl group, a pyridine-N-oxide group corresponding to these pyridyl groups, or a phenyl group, and R3 represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl group substituted with pivaloyloxy group and R3 bonds to a nitrogen atom in the ring. A process for production of a compound by reacting a nitrile and a hydrazide, and a therapeutic agent, particularly a xanthine oxidase inhibitor are also provided.

Abstract: Joint section is provided in a connection between a journal section and one of two arms supporting a crankpin and between the crankpin and the other of the arms. In each of the joint sections, a plurality of bolts are arranged along an imaginary circle substantially concentric to the axis of the journal section or crankpin, for fastening together the components. Radius of at least one of the journal section and crankpin is greater than a distance between axis lines of the journal section and crankpin. Blanks of shaft components are worked to provide thereon positioning sections, and the components are provisionally attached together to provide a crankshaft blank. The crankshaft blank is worked and then diassembled to attach thereto float bearings and a connecting rod integrally having a big end. Then, the crankshaft is re-assembled to make a crankshaft assembly.

Abstract: A coupling structure for coupling a piston and a connecting rod has a protrusion formed on the rear surface of the crown of the piston and having a semi-spherical concavity and a threaded portion concentric to the concavity, a substantially spherical small end formed at one end of the connecting rod, a holder holding the spherical small end of the connecting rod slidably in the semi-spherical concavity of the protrusion and a fixing ring having a threaded portion engaging with the threaded portion of the protrusion for securing the holder to the protrusion of the piston.

Abstract: A connecting rod of an internal combustion engine, and an internal combustion engine including the connecting rod, a piston, a crankshaft and a float bearing as main moving parts. A piston is connected to a connecting rod by a spherical joint and has radial ribs on a rear face of a crown part; a connecting rod is of an integrated, one-piece type having integrally a spherical small end part to be connected to the piston and an annular big end part; the crankshaft is of an assembly type, and a float bearing is interposed between the big end part and a crank pin.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a crown, tubular walls extending from the edge of the crown, and a cup portion protruding from the rear surface of the crown and having a concave spherical surface for forming a spherical joint with a spherical small end on a connecting rod. The tubular walls and the cup portion are joined together by radially extending ribs.

Abstract: A gas-turbine engine combustor having a plurality of venturi mixers, each connected to an air supply path that passes air compressed by a compressor and to a supply source of gaseous fuel, which mix the air and the gaseous fuel to produce an air-fuel mixture and supply the air-fuel mixture to a combustion chamber for generating premixed combustion or diffusive combustion such that produced combustion gas is supplied to a turbine through a turbine nozzle to rotates the turbine that outputs its rotation through an output shaft, while driving the compressor by the rotation.