Abstract: An apparatus, method, system, computer program and product for generating a protected document image having a visible verification image. Using the visible verification image, the integrity of the protected document image can be visually checked without requiring machine intervention.

Abstract: An angle detection device that accurately detects a rotational angle even if the ratio of an detection voltage relative to an excitation voltage of a resolver fluctuates. The angle detection device includes an angle detector and a controller connected to the angle detector. The angle detector includes an excitation coil, which is arranged on a predetermined rotary shaft and supplied with excitation voltage, and a pair of detection coils. Each detection coil is arranged near the excitation coil to induce detection voltage when excitation voltage excites the excitation coil. The detection voltages of the detection coils have different phases. A controller calculates the rotational angle of the excitation coil with the detection voltages induced to the detection coils. Further, the controller includes a correction unit for correcting the amplitude of the excitation voltage to maintain each of the induced detection voltages at a predetermined value.

Abstract: An electronic document authenticity assurance technique and an information disclosure system both of which can compatibly realize the assurance of the authenticity of disclosure documents and the deletion of information inappropriate for disclosure. An electronic document is divided into constituent elements and an electronic signature is affixed to an arbitrary subset of a set including all the constituent elements. Otherwise, an electronic signature is affixed to data obtained by binding each of the constituent elements to information specifying the relationship between a respective one of the constituent elements and the structure of the electronic document. Otherwise, the hash values of the respective constituent elements are calculated and an electronic signature is affixed to data obtained by binding the calculated hash values together.

Abstract: When an LPP (land pre-pit) is formed between shallow grooves or shallow pits, the LPP is formed on a land existing between the shallow grooves or the shallow pits. Further, the LPP is formed in a position displaced from a centerline of the land in the radial direction by a predetermined amount. Furthermore, a laser beam power utilized for forming a shallow groove or a shallow pit adjacent to the LPP is reduced so as to be lower than a regular laser beam power.

Abstract: In a signature generating method where not necessarily all of a plurality of signature generating devices work together each time to generate signatures, the present invention seeks to correctly and securely reflect data relating to previous signatures. When generating signatures, the data used for the next signature is sent beforehand to the other signature generating devices. Also, when generating signatures, at least one of the devices is used consecutively, thus allowing history data to be shared during signature generation.

Abstract: In a set-up phase, the base station formulates the secret key S and holds it in secret. The secret information Si which are obtained by dividing the secret key S are distributed in secret to respective terminals 1 to 5 by using cryptographic communication means. In a preparatory phase, the base station 0 broadcasts the preparatory information C1(=gk modp), the exclusive information C2(=y5k modp), the ciphertext C3(=M×K modp), and the particular terminal number 5 to all terminals. In a key sharing phase, the terminal 1 calculates a product of C1{circumflex over ( )}(&lgr;(1, &Lgr;) modq) modp and C2{circumflex over ( )}(&lgr;(5, &Lgr;) modq) modp by using the preparatory information C1 and the exclusive information C2 to obtain K and then calculates M, which are common data to the base station 0, by dividing the ciphertext C3 by K. The terminals 2 to 4 execute similar calculations. As a result, the terminals 1 to 4 can share mutually the common data M.

Abstract: A power steering device is provided which is capable of detecting an initial torque of torque detection means precisely in a short period of time in the initial setting therefor. In detecting the initial torque of the torque detection means, assist power generating means such as an electric motor for applying assist power to a handle shaft is used to rotate a steering handle within a minute rotational range in positive and negative-going directions from a neutral position in the steering direction. The rotation of the steering handle in this initial setting is performed so that the amplitude of the repetitive rotations in the positive and negative-going directions are decremented as time passes. Then, an output of the torque detection means is detected as the initial torque with the steering handle being held stationarily at the neutral position.

Abstract: A plurality of round processing parts (38) are provided each of which contains a nonlinear function part (304), and each nonlinear function part (304) comprises: a first key-dependent linear transformation part (341) which performs a linear transformation based on a subkey; a splitting part (342) which splits the output from the first key-dependent linear transformation part into n pieces of subdata; a first nonlinear transformation part (343) which nonlinearly transforms those pieces of subdata, respectively; a second key-dependent linear transformation part (344) which linearly transforms those nonlinearly transformed outputs based on a subkey and outputs n pieces of transformed subdata; a second nonlinear transformation part (345) which nonlinearly transforms those transformed subdata; and a combining part (346) which combines the nonlinearly transformed outputs.

Abstract: An angle detection device that accurately detects a rotational angle even if the ratio of an detection voltage relative to an excitation voltage of a resolver fluctuates. The angle detection device includes an angle detector and a controller connected to the angle detector. The angle detector includes an excitation coil, which is arranged on a predetermined rotary shaft and supplied with excitation voltage, and a pair of detection coils. Each detection coil is arranged near the excitation coil to induce detection voltage when excitation voltage excites the excitation coil. The detection voltages of the detection coils have different phases. A controller calculates the rotational angle of the excitation coil with the detection voltages induced to the detection coils. Further, the controller includes a correction unit for correcting the amplitude of the excitation voltage to maintain each of the induced detection voltages at a predetermined value.

Abstract: A time stamp generating system has a time distribution server for generating time data depending on time and a user PC for holding time certification objective digital data. The time distribution server generates time data corresponding to a time point and distributes the time data. The user PC calculates time stamp generating data by using the time certification objective data as an input, acquires the time data generated by the time distribution server, and processes the time data on the basis of the time stamp generating data to obtain a time stamp.

Abstract: Each of a plurality of contents supply systems connected to a single user apparatus uses a group management method that employs flexible and unique tree structures. A manager in each contents supply system uses a system apparatus key distributed by a key management organization to generate a public list that corresponds to a unique tree structure, and releases the public list when the contents supply system is constructed. The user apparatus stores only an apparatus key corresponding to a leaf of the tree structure. Using the public list, which is released via a web page, package media or the like, the user apparatus reconstructs the tree sequentially from the leaf up, and derives a node key corresponding to the user apparatus. The user apparatus then decrypts an encrypted content using the derived node key.

Abstract: Object: To provide a time stamping system for electronic documents making it possible to easily provide a time stamp certifying date and time of a document prepared with general purpose document preparation software and also to easily and accurately verify the time data and a program medium for the same.

Abstract: According to the breaking detection processing, it is determined that (A) iu of AC current (absolute value) supplied to a motor is less than 0.5 amperes or iv thereof is less 0.5 amperes or iw thereof is less than 0.5 amperes, (B) the angular velocity of the motor is 1 rad/s or more and (C) at least any one of the current instruction values id*, iq* is 5 amperes or more in a step and then, a period in which all these three conditions (A)-(C) are satisfied at the same time is determined in another step. Consequently, it is determined that any one of the power supply lines in the motor is broken and a breaking detection flag is set to ON so as to detect the breaking.

Abstract: In a signature generating method where not necessarily all of a plurality of signature generating devices work together each time to generate signatures, the present invention seeks to correctly and securely reflect data relating to previous signatures.

Abstract: When an LPP (land pre-pit) is formed between shallow grooves or shallow pits, the LPP is formed on a land existing between the shallow grooves or the shallow pits. Further, the LPP is formed in a position displaced from a centerline of the land in the radial direction by a predetermined amount. Furthermore, a laser beam power utilized for forming a shallow groove or a shallow pit adjacent to the LPP is reduced so as to be lower than a regular laser beam power.

Abstract: A card settlement method using a mobile information terminal provided with an IC card read/write function and a wireless communication function for the settlement of a transaction in a business establishment, comprising a step of having a customer using a business establishment wirelessly connect to an authorization server through a network by the mobile information terminal, a step of having the customer load his or her IC card in the mobile information terminal, read the information stored in this IC card, and send it to the authorization server, a step of having the authorization server decide on the authorization of the current transaction from authentication information stored in the IC card and proving the legitimacy of the card, settlement information containing at least a card number, and personal identification information input from the customer and proving the legitimacy of the customer, a step of sending a temporary password issued from a settlement server to the mobile information terminal for di

Abstract: A ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal mixture comprising at least one compound of the formula (I): wherein R11 and R12 represent, independently each other, a C1-C20 alkyl, alkoxy or alkoxyalkyl group which may be substituted by at least one halogen atom and may have an unsaturated bond; A11, A12 and A13 represent, independently each other, a phenylene group which may be substituted by a fluorine atom, or the like; * indicates an asymmetric carbon atom; Z is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; n is an integer of 0 to 10; r, s, t and u are each 0 or 1, provided that when u is 1, the compound (I) is a trans-olefin, and at least one compound of the formula (II): wherein R21 is a saturated or unsaturated C3-C20 alkyl group or a saturated or unsaturated C3-C20 alkoxyalkyl group; A21, A22 and A23 represent, independently each other, a phenylene group which may be substituted by a fluorine atom or the like; X2 is —C≡C— or the like; Z is a hydrogen atom or

Abstract: A 1-bromoalkylbenzene derivative is prepared by reacting a phenylalkene derivative with hydrogen bromide in the presence of a non-polar solvent. The phenylalkene derivative is prepared by reacting an alkenyl halide with metal magnesium to form a Grignard reagent, and then reacting the Grignard reagent with a benzyl halide derivative. An allyl Grignard reagent is prepared by reacting continuously an allyl halide derivative with metal magnesium in an organic solvent, in which the allyl halide derivative and metal magnesium are continuously added to the reaction system and the allyl Grignard reagent formed is continuously removed from the reaction system. The processes provide the intended compounds in high yields, high selectivities and high purities.

Abstract: The data containing reference data is transformed into signature data by a method which depends on a variable generated by the reference data, and the identification data is certified by inverse transformation of the signature data. The signature generating rule changes in dependence on the reference data, and it is therefore extremely difficult to analyze the signature generating rule from the medium or the card reader/writer so that the forgery or modification of magnetic or other data, which is otherwise easy to duplicate, can be made extremely difficult. Therefore, even when a reader is illicitly obtained, and analyzed, it is extremely difficult to estimate the signature generating rule as it owes to the difficulty of solving a set of multivariate simultaneous equations.

Abstract: An electric power steering apparatus comprises an input shaft transmitting a rotation from a steering wheel and an output shaft rotatably connected to the input shaft through a torsion bar relative to the input shaft. A drive motor is coaxially arranged relative to both of the input shaft and the output shaft. A reduction mechanism coaxially provided in a housing relative to the input and output shaft transmits a rotation of the drive motor to the output shaft so as to reduce the rotation of the drive motor at a constant reduction rate. A torque sensor detects a torque added to the torsion bar as a relative rotational displacement between the input shaft and the output shaft. The drive motor is rotationally controlled in accordance with the detected torque by the torque sensor.