Abstract: In a lithium ion secondary battery having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a container, the positive electrode is made of a positive electrode active material having a spinel structure and the formula:Li.sub.x Mn.sub.2-a M.sub.a/c O.sub.4+bwherein M is cation of a metal other than Li and Mn; x, a and b are 0.1<x.ltoreq.1.2, 0.ltoreq.a<2.0 (preferably 0<a<2.0), 1.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.3, and 0.ltoreq.b<0.3, during its charge-discharge cycle;the positive electrode is coated with a non-electron conductive protective layer; andthe negative electrode is made of a negative electrode active material of a lithium alloy or an alloy into which a lithium ion can be intercalated.

Abstract: A movement detecting device capable of accurately measuring the position, the speed and the azimuth of a moving object, such as a vehicle, by using GPS signals without applying a particular alteration to the moving object, is purposed. For realizing it, in an arithmetic control section 3, especially in a speed arithmetic processing section 41, an azimuth arithmetic processing section 42 and a position arithmetic processing section 43, data about relationship between the absolute speed, etc. based on the GPS signals and the relative speed, etc. based on an inertia sensor 5 are derived when the GPS signals are normally received, and data about the actual speed and azimuth of the moving object are derived using the foregoing data about the relationship and the relative speed, etc. when the GPS signals are not received.

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery comprising a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material, and a lithium salt is disclosed, in which the negative electrode active material contains (1) a compound capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium comprising an atom of the group IIIB, IVB or VB of the periodic table, (2) an amorphous compound containing at least two atoms selected from the elements of the groups IIIB, IVB, and VB of the periodic table, (3) a compound capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium containing at least one of the atoms of the group IIIB, IVB, and VB of the periodic table and fluorine, or (4) a compound of the metal of the group IIIB, IVB or VB of the periodic table, Zn, or Mg which is capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium. The nonaqueous secondary battery of the invention exhibits improved charge and discharge characteristics and improved safety.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-aqueous secondary battery having an improved charge and discharge cycle property and high discharge voltage, high energy density, high capacity and increased stability as well as an excellent high electric current atitude by using a lithium-containing transition metal oxide as a positive electrode material and at least one of the specfified composite oxides as a negative electrode material. Accordingly, the feature of the present invention consists in that the negative electrode material mainly consists of at least one member selected from the group consisting of amorphous chalcogen compounds and amorphous oxides containing at least three atoms selected from the group consisting of Group 13, 14, 15 and 2 atoms of Periodic Table.

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery comprising a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode active material, and a lithium salt is disclosed, in which the negative electrode active material contains (1) a compound capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium comprising an atom of the group IIIB, IVB or VB of the periodic table, (2) an amorphous compound containing at least two atoms selected from the elements of the groups IIIB, IVB, and VB of the periodic table, (3) a compound capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium containing at least one of the atoms of the group IIIB, IVB, and VB of the periodic table and fluorine, or (4) a compound of the metal of the group IIIB, IVB or VB of the periodic table, Zn, or Mg which is capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium. The nonaqueous secondary battery of the invention exhibits improved charge and discharge characteristics and improved safety.

Abstract: A lithium ion type nonaqueous electrolyte-secondary battery which comprises a positive electrode which comprises, as an active material, a compound oxide represented by the following chemical formula (I):Li.sub.x A.sub.y M.sub.z J.sub.m O.sub.p (I)wherein A represents at least one alkali element selected from the group consisting of Na and K; M represents at least one transition element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn and Ni; J represents an element having a glass-forming ability selected from the group consisting of B, Si, Ge, P, V, Zr, Sb and Ti; 0.8.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.3; 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.2; 0.8.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.2.0; 0.01.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.0.2; and 2.0.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.2.7; a negative electrode; and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode-active material permits the production of nonaqueous electrolyte lithium type secondary batteries having excellent charge-discharge characteristics, discharge voltages and cycle properties.

Abstract: An optical response element is disclosed, comprising at least a photosensitive chromoprotein and a substance capable of changing its optical characteristics on application of an electric field or through an electrochemical reaction.

Abstract: A method of detecting image information which enables real-time extraction of mobile components of optical input image information in the form of electric current signals or real-time extraction of outlines of optical input image information in the form of electric current signals. The method uses a photoelectric device having a photoreception plane carrying arrays of pixels of a photosensitive material capable of directly converting an optical input signal into an electric current signal. The photosensitive material is endowed in itself with a differential responsivity which changes the level of the materials's output electric current in accordance with the rate of change in the incident light intensity of the optical input signal per unit time, so that only mobile components of the input image information are selectively and automatically detected in real time in the form of electric signals.

Abstract: A functional organic thin film comprising a water-insoluble organic thin film comprising at least one of a nitrene group and a carbene group and a bioactive protein chemically bound to said at least one of a nitrene group and a carbene group; and the method for producing the same.

Abstract: A polypeptide thin film obtained by polymerizing a monomolecular film comprising an amphiphilic compound having a hydrophobic moiety and a hydrophilic moiety having an amino acid ester structure per molecule, the conjugated acid of the elimination group of said ester having a pKa of not higher than 14, or a built-up film of said monomolecular film; and a process for preparing a material on which said polypeptide thin film is carried.

Abstract: A photoelectric transducer which comprises a photoresponsive electrode, which is provided with an oriented film of a photosensitive chromoprotein at the interface of an electrically conductive electrode substrate and an electrolyte, combined with a counter electrode.

Abstract: A polypeptide thin film obtained by polymerizing a monomolecular film comprising a monomer mixture of(a) an amphiphilic compound having a hydrophobic moiety and a hydrophilic moiety having an amino acid ester structure per molecule, the conjugated acid of the elimination group of the ester having a pKa of not higher than 14, and(b) an amphiphilic compound having two amino groups per molecule or an amphiphilic compound having two ester structures per molecule, the conjugated acid of the elimination group of the ester having a pKa of not higher than 16,or a built-up film of the monomolecular film; and a process for preparing a material carrying the polypeptide thin film.

Abstract: A water-insoluble functional organic thin film comprising a binder selected from the group consisting of a high molecular weight organic compound and a lipid, having contained therein a biologically active protein and a polymer containing at least one functional group which forms covalent bonds with said biologically active protein.

Abstract: Disclosed are a functional organic thin film formed of a monolayer or multilayers composed of reactive functional group-containing amphiphilic organic molecules in which at least one of the amphiphilic organic molecules is a precursor of a nitrene or carbene and a functional organic thin film containing at least one kind of functional organic molecules formed by the reaction between the nitrene or carbene derived from the precursor and a guest compound molecule of a different kind as well as a method of producing the functional organic thin films. Utilizing the reactivity of the thin film, a functional compound, preferably a biotechnology-related functional compound, of various kinds can be fixed onto the film for use in the sensor image formation or information recording fields.

Abstract: A functional thin organic membrane comprising a monomolecular film which contains at least one organic amphoteric host molecule having a reactive functional group capable of chemically binding with a nucleophilic functional group at room temperature.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed containing at least one silver halide emulsion layer, in which (1) the silver halide grains constituting the emulsion layer have been spectrally sensitized by at least one adsorbable spectral sensitizing dye added thereto before the completion of chemical ripening of the grains, and (2) at least one luminous dye which has a quantum efficiency of 0.1 or more when the concentration thereof in dry gelatin at room temperature is 10.sup.-4 mol/dm.sup.3 and which can be substantially completely removed by development is added to a hydrophilic dispersion medium for the emulsion layer exclusive of the silver halide grains in a concentration of 2.0 mmol/dm.sup.3 in the dispersion medium. The addition of the spectral sensitizing dye is not limitative and can be either before the completion of the formation of the silver halide grains or during a stage from the completion of the formation of the grains to the completion of the chemical ripening thereof.

Abstract: A silver halide photosensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer comprising tabular grains whose diameter of an average projected area/average thickness ratio is 5/1 or higher is provided. Said emulsion layer contains one or more luminescent dyes whose luminescence quantum yield is 0.3 or more when its concentration is dry gelatin is 10.sup.-4 mol/dm.sup.3 at room temperature and that can be substantially removed by development processing, and the content of said luminescent dye is 3.0 .mu.mol/m.sup.2 or more for the total surface area of the silver halide grains in said emulsion layer, or is 2.0 mmol/dm.sup.3 or more in a hydrophilic dispersion medium excluding the silver halide grain surfaces in said emulsion layer.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material having at least one silver halide emulsion layer having been spectrally sensitized with adsorbable spectral sensitizing dye is disclosed, wherein a hydrophilic dispersion medium contains a substantially non-adsorbable luminescent dye which is easily removable by development processing the satisfies the following conditions (1) to (3):(1) The luminescent dye has an equilibrium adsorption of not more than 5.times.10.sup.-7 mol per m.sup.2 of silver bromide grain surface in a 5% by weight gelatin aqueous solution containing silver bromide grains whose outer surface is composed substantially of a [111] face under conditions of 40.degree. C. in temperature, 6.5.+-.0.05 in pH, and 10.sup.-4 mol/l in dye concentration in the solution phase;(2) The luminescent dye has an emission quantium yield of not less than 0.1 at room temperature in dry gelatin at a concentration of 10.sup.-4 mol/dm.sup.

Abstract: A direct positive silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is described containing a weak electron donative, adsorptive compound represented by formula (I) or (II) effective for depressing formation of a re-reversed negative image, which is not a spectral sensitizing agent for silver halide or a nucleating agent:D--L--X (I)D--X (II)whereinD represents electron donative atoms comprising an aromatic ring or hereto ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted;L represents a linking group containing at least one of C, N, S and O and an atom or atoms necessary for cutting a .pi.-conjunction system; andX represents a group which is adsorptive with respect to silver halide and contains at least one of C, N, S, O and Se.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is described containing at least one electron-donative, silver halide-adsorptive compound represented by the following general formula (A) or (B), which is not a spectral sensitizing agent for silver halide or a nucleating agent:D--L--X (A)D--X (B)wherein D represents an electron donative atomic group comprising an aromatic ring or hetero ring, which may be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent; L represents a linkage group containing at least one of C, N, S or O; and X represents a group which is adsorptive with a silver halide-adsorptive group containing at least one of C, N, S, O or Se, said N being optionally quarternized.