Abstract: The invention provides a fuel injection control apparatus of an engine in which a temperature sensor for detecting an engine temperature is inexpensive and a wiring to a control unit is made unnecessary, thereby restricting a system cost low. A control unit (5) is integrally formed with a throttle chamber (3) corresponding to a peripheral device of an engine (1), a temperature sensor (6) detecting an engine temperature is directly attached to a substrate (5b) of the control unit (5), and the temperature sensor (6) estimates an actual engine temperature on the basis of an engine peripheral temperature detected by the temperature sensor (6) by using a correlation data obtained by previously searching a correlation between the engine peripheral temperature detected by the temperature sensor (6) and the actual engine temperature under the same condition, thereby calculating a fuel increase amount and time for the increase amount necessary from a low temperature start to a warm-up finish.

Abstract: The invention provides a fuel injection control apparatus of an engine in which a temperature sensor for detecting an engine temperature is inexpensive and a wiring to a control unit is made unnecessary, thereby restricting a system cost low. A control unit (5) is integrally formed with a throttle chamber (3) corresponding to a peripheral device of an engine (1), a temperature sensor (6) detecting an engine temperature is directly attached to a substrate (5b) of the control unit (5), and the temperature sensor (6) estimates an actual engine temperature on the basis of an engine peripheral temperature detected by the temperature sensor (6) by using a correlation data obtained by previously searching a correlation between the engine peripheral temperature detected by the temperature sensor (6) and the actual engine temperature under the same condition, thereby calculating a fuel increase amount and time for the increase amount necessary from a low temperature start to a warm-up finish.

Abstract: An injection timing for supplying a fuel by one injection per two rotations to a single-cylinder four-cycle engine of a fixed spark advance ignition system is decided on the basis of a simple system. With respect to ignition signals A1, B1, A2, B2, generated every one rotation of the engine, an intake pipe pressure lowering state exists in one ignition signal cycle A1-B2, and the intake pipe pressure lowering state does not exist in the next ignition signal cycle B2-A2. The signal B1 corresponds to a terminal phase of an exhaust stroke and the signal A2 corresponds to a terminal phase of a compression stroke if these two conditions are established, and an injection timing is decided on the basis of the determination in such a manner that the fuel injection burnt by the ignition of A2 is executed at one time during two rotations.

Abstract: The invention provides a fuel supply control method and apparatus in which an air fuel ratio does not become rich even if an acceleration and deceleration operation is repeated for a short time in the case that a time lag with respect to a response from a detection of an acceleration state to a fuel amount increase is large, and troubles such as a black smoke generation from an exhaust pipe, an engine stop and the like are not generated. In a fuel supply control method of an internal combustion chamber for increasing an amount of a fuel for acceleration so as to inject from an injection apparatus, at a time of detecting a transient state at an accelerating time or the like on the basis of data such as an opening degree of a throttle valve and/or an air suction pressure, the method inhibits the fuel amount increase for acceleration on the basis of the detection of the transient state, if a total amount of an injection fuel per a unit time is more than a fixed value.

Abstract: Before electrically connecting at least two photovoltaic elements, a medium capable of absorbing at least 10% or more of a light having a wavelength of 0.4 ?m to 2.0 ?m is provided on an electric connection portion of the photovoltaic element, whereby the present invention provides a method of electrically connecting a group of photovoltaic elements to one another with a high yield and easy automatization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for partial etching or pattern etching using an electrolysis reaction, wherein, conventionally, there was the problem that an etching line could not be finely formed on a cell edge because of apparatus problems concerning alignment accuracy. The present invention provides a method and apparatus with which fine line etching is possible and which can form a line on a cell edge. Provided is a an electrolytic etching method of a substrate which is formed having a subject etching layer on a surface, having the steps of providing a fixed gap from a substrate end surface which is external to an end surface of the substrate for placing a working part of a working electrode and passing current between the substrate and the working electrode.

Abstract: There is provided a photovoltaic device in which at least one pin-junction is formed in a thin film semiconductor deposited on a substrate, the substrate including: a base including polycrystalline silicon; and a polycrystalline silicon layer formed on the base by liquid phase growth, in which at least a part of a surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer has unevenness composed of facet surfaces. The photovoltaic device prevents a reduction in photoelectric conversion efficiency due to the absence of preferable unevenness, an increase in cost due to the use of an expensive material, and a reduction in throughput in the photovoltaic device, and has a preferable characteristic and high productivity.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device having a first electrode comprising a metallic wire, a second electrode connected to the first electrode, and a joint portion composed of conductive particles and a resin. The joint portion is arranged between the metallic wire constituting the first electrode and the second electrode. A volume density of the conductive particles in the joint is decreased in a direction from a surface of the second electrode to a surface of the metallic wire constituting the first electrode.

Abstract: A photovoltaic element having an electrode structure having joining portions (A) in which collecting electrodes are spacedly arranged on a light receiving face side of the photovoltaic element such that they are individually joined to a bus bar electrode. Each of the joining portions (A) has a first joining portion (i) having a first paste. Each of collecting electrodes (b) excluding the collecting electrodes (a) positioned at opposite end sides of the arrangement of the collecting electrodes further has a second joining portion (ii) having a second paste with a smaller resistivity than that of the first paste. A proportion of the first joining portion (i) in the joining portion (A) of each of the collecting electrodes (a) is greater than a proportion of the first joining portion (i) in the joining portion (A) of each of the collecting electrodes (b). A process for the production of the photovoltaic element.

Abstract: A process for producing a stable photovoltaic element having an electrode structure comprising a collecting electrode and a metal bus bar which are connected to have an improved connection between them. Said electrode structure is formed by dotting an electrically conductive paste onto a metal wire as the collecting electrode such that a dotted electrically conductive paste has an elliptical form whose major axis and minor axis are respectively perpendicular to and parallel to a lengthwise direction of said metal wire, arranging the metal bus bar on said dotted electrically conductive paste, and heating the resultant while pressing it to cure the electrically conductive paste to form connection between the metal wire as the collecting electrode and the metal bus bar.

Abstract: A photovoltaic element having a wire disposed on a surface of the photovoltaic element for outputting a power generated by the photovoltaic element, and an electrode electrically joined with the wire while forming a joining portion, wherein the joining portion of the wire and the electrode has at least a first joining portion and a second joining portion which is adjacent to the first joining portion, and the second joining portion has an elasticity which is greater than that of the first joining portion. A process for the production of the photovoltaic element. A method for forming an electrical continuity between a covered wire and a conductor, including a method of removing a cover portion of the covered wire and a method of joining the covered wire with the conductor.

Abstract: A photovoltaic element having an electrode structure having a plurality of joining portions (A) in which a plurality of collecting electrodes are spacedly arranged on a light receiving face side of said photovoltaic element such that they are individually joined to a bus bar electrode, wherein each of the joining portions (A) has a first joining portion (i) comprising a first paste, of said plurality of collecting electrodes, each of the collecting electrodes (b) excluding the collecting electrodes (a) positioned at opposite end sides of the arrangement of said plurality of collecting electrodes further has a second joining portion (ii) comprising a second paste having a smaller resistivity than that of said first electrically conductive paste at the joining portion (A) thereof, and a proportion of the first joining portion (i) in the joining portion (A) of each of the collecting electrodes (a) is greater than a proportion of the first joining portion (i) in the joining portion (A) of each of the collecting e

Abstract: Before electrically connecting at least two photovoltaic elements, a medium capable of absorbing at least 10% or more of a light having a wavelength of 0.4 &mgr;m to 2.0 &mgr;m is provided on an electric connection portion of the photovoltaic element, whereby the present invention provides a method of electrically connecting a group of photovoltaic elements to one another with a high yield and easy automatization.

Abstract: An electrolytic etching method for etching treating an object to be etched by an electrochemical reaction through an electrolyte between the object to be etched and an etching electrode, where the contact angle of the electrolyte to the object to be etched is not more than 70°. This electrolytic etching method can etch the object in a non-contact manner, can reduce the cost, number of steps, and processing time, and can enhance the patterning accuracy.

Abstract: In a photovoltaic device module comprising a plurality of photovoltaic devices connected electrically through a metal member, an insulating member is so provided as to avoid contact between an edge portion of the photovoltaic device and the metal member. This can provide a photovoltaic device module which is inexpensive, easy to operate and highly reliable.

Abstract: A photovoltaic element comprising an electrode comprising an electrically conductive core member which is coated with a conductive adhesive fixed on the light incident surface of a photoactive semiconductor layer, via the conductive adhesive, is disclosed. The conductive adhesive is composed of at least two layers. The softening point of the conductive adhesive layer nearer to the core member is higher than the highest temperature encountered in the manufacture of the photovoltaic element.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device having a first electrode comprising a metallic wire, a second electrode connected to said first electrode, and a joint portion composed of conductive particles and a resin, said joint portion being arranged between said metallic wire constituting said first electrode and said second electrode, wherein a volume density of the conductive particles in the joint is decreased in a direction from a surface of the second electrode to a surface of the metallic wire constituting the first electrode.

Abstract: Before electrically connecting at least two photovoltaic elements, a medium capable of absorbing at least 10% or more of a light having a wavelength of 0.4 &mgr;m to 2.0 &mgr;m is provided on an electric connection portion of the photovoltaic element, whereby the present invention provides a method of electrically connecting a group of photovoltaic elements to one another with a high yield and easy automatization.

Abstract: The invention provides a coil member of rotating electrical machinery, by which improvements in the mass production and downsizing thereof are enabled, which is a coil assembly for rotating electrical machinery, consisting of a plurality of coil combinations mounted at iron core slots, wherein the respective coil combinations 14 are inserted into slots at pitches equivalent to an appointed number of slots, and are formed of an integral coil member 21 in which the first and the second linear portions 21A and 21B alternately disposed at the inner layer side and the outer layer side in the slots, and the first and the second turning portions 21C and 21D for connecting the first and second linear portions 21A and 21B adjacent to each other outward of one end side and outward of the other end side in the lengthwise direction of the slots are integrated together.

Abstract: A process for producing a stable photovoltaic element having an electrode structure comprising a collecting electrode and a metal bus bar which are connected to have an improved connection between them. Said electrode structure is formed by dotting an electrically conductive paste onto a metal wire as the collecting electrode such that a dotted electrically conductive paste has an elliptical form whose major axis and minor axis are respectively perpendicular to and parallel to a lengthwise direction of said metal wire, arranging the metal bus bar on said dotted electrically conductive paste, and heating the resultant while pressing it to cure the electrically conductive paste to form connection between the metal wire as the collecting electrode and the metal bus bar.