Abstract: A photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a particular chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal in which an organic compound is contained. The organic compound has a Hansen solubility parameter ?total of 24.0 or more and 35.0 or less, a polar energy ?P of 13.5 or more and 21.0 or less, and a dispersion energy ?D of 15.0 or more and 19.5 or less.

Abstract: The present invention can provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that is capable of suppressing potential variation as much as possible to allow a high-quality image to be output, as well as a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Therefore, the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising: a support; a charge-generating layer; and a charge-transporting layer on the charge-generating layer, in which the charge-generating layer comprises a gallium phthalocyanine crystal in which a polar solvent is contained, and the polar solvent is at least one selected from dimethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylformamide, N-propylformamide, N-vinylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone relative to gallium phthalocyanine, and the content of the polar solvent is 0.1% by mass or more and 2.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member can provide images in which black spots and fogging are suppressed and density unevenness due to coating unevenness of the charge generation layer is suppressed. The charge generation layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a gallium phthalocyanine crystal, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, and an amide compound represented by a formula (1), and a nitrogen atom in a heterocyclic ring of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound has a substituent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal and an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of outputting an image with few failures due to a ghost phenomenon not only in normal-temperature, normal-humidity environments but also even in low-temperature, low-humidity environments. The hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal has peaks at Bragg angles 2?±0.2° of 7.5°, 9.9°, 25.2°, and 28.3° as determined by X-ray diffraction with Cu K? radiation. The intensity of the peak at a Bragg angle 2?±0.2° of 9.9° is higher than the intensity of the peak at a Bragg angle 2?±0.2° of 7.5°.

Abstract: The present invention provides: an electrophotographic photosensitive member which reduces image defects due to ghosting not only under a normal temperature and normal humidity environment but also even under a low temperature and low humidity environment; and a novel phthalocyanine crystal. The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention includes a photosensitive layer which comprises a phthalocyanine crystal in which a dimethyl sulfoxide is contained. The content of the dimethyl sulfoxide is 0.1% by mass or more and 1.7% by mass or less based on the phthalocyanine crystal.

Abstract: The present invention provides: an electrophotographic photosensitive member which reduces image defects due to ghosting not only under a normal temperature and normal humidity environment but also even under a low temperature and low humidity environment; and a novel phthalocyanine crystal. The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention comprises a photosensitive layer which comprises a phthalocyanine crystal in which a N,N-dimethylformamide is contained. The content of the N,N-dimethylformamide is 0.1% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less based on the phthalocyanine crystal.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is provided. The electrophotographic photosensitive member can output an image having few image defects due to a ghost phenomenon not only under a normal temperature and normal humidity environment but also even under a low temperature and low humidity environment, which is particularly a strict condition. A process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are also provided. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, wherein the photosensitive layer includes a gallium phthalocyanine crystal including a compound having a structure in which a 7-membered ring and a 5-membered ring are condensed to each other within the crystal.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of outputting an image with suppressed positive ghosting, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a photosensitive layer including a phthalocyanine crystal in which the compound represented by the formula (1) is contained, wherein the content of the compound represented by the formula (1) is 0.1% by mass or more and 1.7% by mass or less based on the phthalocyanine crystal.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, including a photosensitive layer that includes a phthalocyanine crystal in which a compound represented by the following formula (1) is contained: in the formula (1), X represents a vinyl group or a propyl group.

Abstract: A photosensitive layer includes a gallium phthalocyanine crystal and 0.2% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of an arene compound based on the gallium phthalocyanine crystal, and the arene compound has a halogen atom or a halogen-substituted alkyl group, and a sulfonic acid group or a sulfonic acid salt group, as a substituent.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer formed on the support. The photosensitive layer contains a phthalocyanine crystal in which a particular amide compound is contained.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer on the support, and the photosensitive layer contains a hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal having peaks at Bragg angles 2?±0.2° of 6.9°, 7.7°, 16.4°, 24.4°, and 26.5° in CuK? X-ray diffraction.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support and a surface layer formed on the support, the method including the steps of forming a coat of a surface-layer coating solution, and drying the coat to form the surface layer, in which the surface-layer coating solution includes resin ?, resin ?, solvent ?, and compound ?.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes specific resin (?), resin (?) and compound (?).

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus in which an electrostatic image is formed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member using at least a process of a pseudo halftone formed by dots as a method of representing gradation, the electrophotographic photosensitive member is provided on a surface thereof with a plurality of recessed portions of 0.5 ?m more and 5 ?m or less in depth and 20 ?m or more and 80 ?m or less in longest diameter of an opening, when a square region of 500 ?m×500 ?m is arbitrarily extracted on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, in the square region, a total area of the recessed portions is 10000 ?m2 or more and 90000 ?m2 or less and a total area of a flat portion contained in a portion other than the recessed portion is 80000 ?m2 or more and 240000 ?m2 or less, and an arrangement (A) of the plurality of recessed portions is such an arrangement that an image quality lowering index (f) calculated by specific processing is 14% or less.

Abstract: In the case where an uneven structure is formed on the surface of cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive members, for the purpose of reducing the variation of the uneven structure between the individual cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive members even when a large number of cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive members are continuously processed, an insert is inserted into the interior of a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member including a cylindrical substrate and a surface layer, the surface uneven structure of a molding member is transferred to and formed on the surface of the surface layer of the photosensitive member. The insert includes an abutting part having an outer peripheral surface capable of abutting on the inner peripheral surface of the substrate, a connecting part positioned inside of the abutting part in the radical direction and a shaft part positioned inside of the connecting part in the radical direction.

Abstract: A solution of a gallium phthalocyanine contains a compound of formula (1) and a gallium phthalocyanine of formula (2), H2N—CH2—R1—CH2—NH2??(1) wherein R1 represents a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 10 main-chain carbon atoms, a substituent of the substituted alkylene group is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and being substituted with an amino group, or a hydroxy group, one of the carbon atoms in the main chain of the alkylene group may be replaced with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a bivalent group represented by the formula —NR2—, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and being substituted with an amino group, and wherein X1 represents a chlorine atom or hydroxy group.

Abstract: A charge-generating layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a phthalocyanine pigment and a specific tricyanoethylene compound. Alternatively, the charge-generating layer and/or an undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a specific tricyanoethylene compound, and the charge-generating layer includes the phthalocyanine pigment.

Abstract: A photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a phthalocyanine pigment and a specific dicyanoethylene compound. Alternatively, the photosensitive layer and/or an undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member include a specific dicyanoethylene compound, and the photosensitive layer includes the phthalocyanine pigment.

Abstract: A photosensitive layer or a charge generation layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a gallium phthalocyanine and a particular diamine compound such as 1,2-diaminoethane or 1,3-diaminopropane. The content of the particular diamine compound in the photosensitive layer or the charge generation layer is from 10 ppm to 1,000 ppm (mass ratio) based on the gallium phthalocyanine.