Abstract: A stroke data input unit, of each of input display boards, transmits to a display unit coordinate data for characters or graphics obtained by an input board unit, by attaching identification (ID) information of the input board unit to the coordinate data. A synchronization display controller of the display unit displays the characters or graphics based on the coordinate data received through a receiver, and the ID information of the input display boards, in respective areas of a display panel. When a user makes a stepping display request, the synchronization display controller reads out the data stored in the stroke data storage unit to estimate an input time for strokes of the characters/graphics. The characters/graphics estimated to be input at approximately the same time in the input display boards, may be displayed in the respective areas of the display panel at approximately the same time.

Abstract: Test hopping frequency data stored in the hopping frequency data table 35b is set in the hopping table 26 as a data setting signal w. Digital test data is transmitted while hopping the carrier wave frequency among the frequency candidates which correspond to the hopping frequency data thus set in the hopping table 26. Frequency candidates which have attained high recognition rate for the test data are selected as a carrier wave hopping pattern, and are set in the hopping table 26. Bi-directional communication will be performed thereafter while the carrier wave frequency hops according to the hopping pattern.

Abstract: Frequency hopping communication devices have a frequency slot switching circuit for sequentially switching the frequency slots used for transmission and reception according to a frequency hopping pattern. The communication devices also include a timing circuit for setting the dwell time for each frequency slot. The timing circuit sets a shorter dwell time during acquisition operations than the dwell time used during tracking. Hence, the receiver can more quickly detect the frequency slot used by the transmitter and acquire synchronization in a shorter time.

Abstract: In a laser scanner device in which a laser beam emitted from a laser diode is reflected in a main scan direction over a predetermined angle by a polygon mirror which rotates at a high speed, the laser beam is reflected from a flat mirror and received by a horizontal synchronizing detection sensor before the laser beam enters a scanning region in which a main scanning operation of the laser beam is performed to form an electrostatic image on a photosensitive drum. In response to the detection of the laser beam, the detection sensor produces a horizontal synchronizing signal which is used as a reference phase to determine a start phase of the main scanning operation.

Abstract: When a laser turn-on signal LS of "H" level is input to an input terminal at a time t0 to form an image, at the time t0 the positive input terminal of an operational amplifier is instantaneously supplied with a reference voltage Vk which is switched to "0.7 V", so that the output voltage Vb of the operational amplifier is increased and first and second transistors are set to a conduction state. At time t0, the supply of the driving current I to the semiconductor laser is started and the laser intensity of the laser beam increases and reaches an image-formable laser intensity at a time t2.

Abstract: An image exposure apparatus for eliminating discrepancies between the positions in the main scanning direction desired to be exposed and actually exposed by a laser beam. This may be achieved by controlling the rotational speed of the polygon mirror based on accurate rotation information. A first and second beam detectors for detecting the scanning laser beam in the main scanning direction are positioned at either side of the region of a recording medium where an image is to be formed. These detectors output signals upon detecting the laser beam. The scanning speed in the main scanning direction is calculated based on these signals. Further, deviation in speed in the main scanning direction is obtained from these signals. Rotational speed and phase information obtained about the polygon mirror using a clock signal is added to scanning speed deviation to control rotational speed of the polygon mirror.

Abstract: A image exposure device which can generate a high-quality image by being able to arrive at a predetermined light beam strength promptly after the laser begins emitting, by setting the initial drive current which corresponds to the threshold current of the semiconductor laser element and further stabilizing is provided.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus capable of forming an image with a high-resolution. The image forming apparatus comprises an aperture electrode wherein toner particles are controlled so as to pass through each of the apertures or not so as to pass through each of the apertures. The image forming apparatus capable of forming an image by forming toner dots on a recording medium, has an aperture electrode having a plurality of elliptical apertures such that an minor axis of the aperture is parallel to the direction of movement of the supporting member.

Abstract: In an image recording apparatus including a rotary drum on which a photosensitive sheet is wound, the drum is rotated by a motor through a speed reduction gear assembly to rotate at a constant speed V. To maintain an average exposure amount applied to the photosensitive sheet at constant as it is not the case when the rotational or peripheral speed of the drum vary due to a backlash of the speed reduction gears or a load imposed on the drum, a speed detector is attached to the shaft of the drum to detect the rotational speed of the drum. Based on the detected rotational speed, the exposure amount is increased or decreased by .DELTA.V/V times as much as the average exposure amount where V is a regular rotational speed of the drum and .DELTA.V is a variation in the drum speed from the speed V.

Abstract: An image exposure apparatus capable of having a semiconductor laser device emits a beam with increasing intensity so that the device will not be destroyed inadvertently. In operation, a switching device of the apparatus allows a reference signal from a reference clock generator to control a photosensitive body moving device for movement. Because the reference clock signal has the same frequency as that of an expected beam detection signal, the photosensitive body moving device starts driving a photosensitive body normally. In time, a beam generator generates a beam of a predetermined intensity. This allows the beam detection signal to be detected correctly and the photosensitive body moving device to reach a predetermined rotating speed as per the reference clock signal. After the beam detection signal starts to be detected correctly, the switching device allows the beam detection signal to be output instead of the reference clock signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser driving system for driving a semiconductor laser element which emits a laser beam. The semiconductor laser element has characteristic wherein the intensity of the laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser element is changed in accordance with the magnitude of an electric current applied to the semiconductor laser element and speed of change in the intensity of the emitted laser beam is high in case where the applied electric current flows in the semiconductor laser element. The semiconductor laser driving system comprises an applying unit for applying the electric current to the semiconductor laser element and controlling unit for controlling the electric current of the driving unit so that a light intensity of the laser beam is kept constant when the laser beam is emitted in either the high or low emitting conditions with the light intensity of the laser beam in the high emitting condition higher than the light intensity of the laser beam in the low emitting condition.

Abstract: Electrostatic image recording apparatus employing multi-apertured particle modulator is disclosed. The image recording apparatus receives digital electric image signals from an external device, such as a host computer, at a plurality of levels representative of the gradational values of the image to be formed. The image signals are distributed to a plurality of control electrodes which control the flow of toner particles to an image receiving member. The distributed digital image signals are converted to analog signals and a potential is applied to each control electrode based on the analog signal. The amount of toner particles passing through an aperture is controlled at a plurality of values by controlling the potential of a control electrode in a plurality of values based on image signals. As a result of the controls, a gradational dot can be formed. The resulting gradational image has high resolution.

Abstract: A scanning exposure device comprises a laser light source which emits a laser beam and a polygonal rotating mirror which reflects a laser beam emitted by the laser light source. The scanning exposure device scans the laser beam reflected by the polygonal rotating mirror on a surface of a photoconductive drum for exposure. The scanning exposure device is provided with an intensity correcting unit for correcting the intensity of the laser beam so that the intensity of the laser beam on the surface of the photoconductive drum does not vary regardless of variation of the incident angle of the laser beam falling on the polygonal rotating mirror as the polygonal rotating mirror rotates.

Abstract: An exposing device for scanning a photosensitive drum with a laser beam includes a laser beam emitter, a polygonal mirror, a mirror motor and a controlling unit having a timer circuit. The laser beam emitter emits a laser beam based on information of an image. The polygonal mirror deflects the laser beam emitted from the laser beam emitter to the photosensitive drum. The mirror motor rotates the polygonal mirror. When the exposing operation is executed, the controlling unit drives the mirror motor and the laser beam emitter. The photosensitive drum is thus scanned by the laser beam and is exposed. The controlling unit stops the driving of the laser beam emitter when the scanning of the photosensitive drum is finished. The controlling unit continually drives the mirror motor during a predetermined time from the end of the scanning of the photosensitive drum. The controlling unit stops the driving of the mirror motor after the predetermined time passes.

Abstract: A motor driven flaring device in which a rotatable eccentric cone an apex of which defines a fixed center of rotation is pressed, while rotating, against an end of a pipe to be flared, including a body having a motor incorporated therein and having an output shaft to be connected to a drive source, a rotational drive shaft connected to the output shaft of the motor so as to relatively move in the axial direction thereof, a feed screw shaft member connected to the rotational drive shaft and screw-engaged by the body so as to rotate and move in the axial direction thereof, and a one-direction rotation transmission mechanism between the rotational drive shaft and feed screw shaft member for transmitting the rotation of the rotational drive shaft to the feed screw shaft member only in one direction.

Abstract: A driving device for stimulating light emission of a semiconductor laser, comprises a driving circuit for applying the semiconductor laser to a pumping signal including a biasing current and a modulated signal to emit laser light from the laser source, a photosensor for detecting the laser light and outputting a detection signal representing light amount of the detected laser light, a compensating unit comprising a comparator and an integrating circuit for generating a binary-coded biasing signal for producing the biasing current while compensating fluctuation of the threshold current of the semiconductor laser on the basis of the detected signal from the photosensor every predetermined period, an adding circuit for adding the biasing signal of the compensating unit to the input modulated signal and outputting the added signals therefrom, and a constant-current circuit for generating a predetermined constant current.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser drive circuit comprises a control circuit, an addition circuit, a conversion drive circuit, and an optical output determination circuit. The control circuit starts the control operation upon receiving a control command from the exterior. First, the control circuit sends a control signal at the median of a predetermined control range. Second, the control circuit determines if an optical output of the semiconductor laser corresponding to the median control signal is greater than or equal to the predetermined value. Third, based upon the determination result, it is determined whether the greater half or the lesser half of the control range is searched. Then, the control signal at the median of the determined half of the initial control range is sent and the corresponding optical output is generated for searching thereof. A predetermined number of such binary-tree search operations are carried out and the median of the last-searched control range is determined as a desired control signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser drive device modulates optical output of a semiconductor laser in accordance with an externally provided modulation signal comprises a compensation circuit for calculating a compensation coefficient and for generating a compensation modulation signal, a threshold value current generation circuit for generating and a threshold value current to the compensation modulation signal and sending the added current as a drive current, and a current drive circuit for driving the semiconductor laser based on the drive current sent from the threshold value current generation circuit. In accordance with the semiconductor laser, the optical output error caused by the temperature change of the semiconductor laser is compensated.