Abstract: In a composite magnetic head comprising a magnetoresistive read head including a magnetic thin film having a magnetoresistive effect and soft magnetic members interposing the soft magnetic film between them through a non-magnetic insulation layer, an induction type write head including poles formed in a moving direction of a medium and a conductor crossing the poles, and disposed in the proximity of the magnetoresistive head, and a substrate supporting these heads, the present invention discloses a composite magnetic head characterized in that part of a floating surface inclusive of the magnetic head constituent members has recesses and the read/write operations to and from the medium are effected by the portion interposed by these recesses.

Abstract: This invention deals with a therapeutically effective composition and method for use in ameliorating the effects of sickle cell anemia and sickle cell crisis. The method preferably involves the oral administration, in preferably four doses daily, of an effective amount of a composition containing S-allyl cysteine and S-allylmercapto cysteine (such as aged garlic extract or AGE) with 1 to 10 grams of Vitamin C and between 200 to 1,200 I.U. of vitamin E.

Abstract: In a composite magnetic head comprising a magnetoresistive read head including a magnetic thin film having a magnetoresistive effect and soft magnetic members interposing the soft magnetic film between them through a non-magnetic insulation layer, an induction type write head including poles formed in a moving direction of a medium and a conductor crossing the poles, and disposed in the proximity of the magnetoresistive head, and a substrate supporting these heads, the present invention discloses a composite magnetic head characterized in that part of a floating surface inclusive of the magnetic head constituent members has recesses and the read/write operations to and from the medium are effected by the portion interposed by these recesses.

Abstract: An optical system, wherein the total optical path length from the tip of the emitter of the ion source to the surface of the sample is in a range of from 300 to 450 mm, distance from the ion source to the condenser lens center is in a range of from 15 to 45 mm, and distance from the objective lens center to the sample is in a range of from 10 to 40 mm, is installed in an FIB apparatus in order to realize milling of fine elements to higher accuracy at higher speed and image observation in higher resolution in failure analysis and process evaluation of fine elements such as semiconductors.

Abstract: In a composite magnetic head comprising a magnetoresistive read head including a magnetic thin film having a magnetoresistive effect and soft magnetic members interposing the soft magnetic film between them through a non-magnetic insulation layer, an induction type write head including poles formed in a moving direction of a medium and a conductor crossing the poles, and disposed in the proximity of the magnetoresistive head, and a substrate supporting these heads, part of a floating surface inclusive of the magnetic head constituent members has recesses and the read/write operations to and from the medium are effected by the portion interposed by these recesses.

Abstract: A treatment and observation apparatus using a scanning probe observes a desired area of a sample, forms a first image, magnifies a part of the area to be observed of the sample to observe it, forms a second image, and relates addresses of pixels constituting the first image and addresses of pixels constituting the second image to absolute addresses on the sample. The pixels constituting the images correspond to the addresses on the sample, respectively, and accordingly the second image can be used to designate the area to be treated with the resolution of the second image. In another embodiment, a desired area of the sample is observed with the maximum magnification and its image data are stored. The image data are compressed and displayed on a display screen of the observed area. The stored image data are read out freely with reference to the display picture to form a display picture for designating the area to be treated.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to form a satisfactory SIM image having high contrast without requiring comparatively high current density and high vacuum, and to enable satisfactory observation of grains in a high resolution at a reduced cost. An object area on a sample is divided virtually into a plurality of small areas, the small areas are irradiated sequentially in a time series mode with a surface processing beam and a data acquisition beam, the irradiation of each small area is executed, secondary signals produced by the sample when the sample is irradiated with the data acquisition beam, and an image of the object area on the sample is formed on the basis of the detected secondary signals.

Abstract: When a desired portion is separated from an integrated circuit chip or a semiconductor wafer, the portion is separated without dividing the chip or the wafer, so that the separated specimen can be moved to a desired position, and the separated specimen can be set to a desired attitude. Therefore, various analyses on the specimen through TEM, SEM, SIMS and so on can be carried out. A minute piece of specimen is cut and separated from the substrate of a specimen by use of a three-dimensional minute processing technique and a micro-manipulation technique. A surface of the specimen is subjected to an FIB processing from at least two kinds of angles, the separated specimen being mechanically connected to an external probe in a step for separating a part of the specimen including a portion to be analyzed. The separated specimen is supported by the probe, being moved. The separated specimen is subjected to analysis through TEM, SEM, SIMS, etc.

Abstract: A device for generating voltage signals in a semiconductor device upon irradiation with a charged particle beam, wherein a circuit for converting a beam current of the irradiated charged particle beam into the voltage signals is constituted by a bipolar transistor and a load device contained in the semiconductor device, and a portion of the line pattern connected to the base of the bipolar transistor is irradiated with the charged particle beam, so that signals are generated at high speeds even by using a weak charged particle beam without permitting the device to be broken down.

Abstract: A method for device transplantation includes the conveyance of a microminiature device, which has been premanufactured, to a desired place located on a sample, observation and fabrication of the new device with a focused beam, and repair of passive elements or active elements located on the sample. Additionally, the new microminiature devices may be transplanted based on the observed results.

Abstract: The invention is related to the novel compounds that have anti-oxident and anti-cancer activities. These compounds can protect (i) vital organs including the brain and the heart, (ii) skin cells, (iii) circulating cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells from physical, chemical and biological injuries either by pre-administration or post-administration. These compounds can be used to protect (iv) organs during transplant surgery by administering to a donar before removal of the organ and by administering to a receipient after transplantation. (v) These compounds can also protect red blood cells from the attack of malarial parasites. (vi) These compounds can be themselves be administered to cancer patients as low side-effect anti-cancer agents. They can also be administered to (vii) potentiate efficacy of existing other chemotherapeutic agents and (viii) to reduce side-effects of existing other chemotherapeutic agents.

Abstract: A charged particle beam apparatus is provided with an aperture device which includes a plurality of slit plates. Each of the slit plates includes a plurality of slits having different widths. The slit plates are superimposed in a direction of the axis of a charged particle beam so that the corresponding slits in the slit plates overlap to define an aperture which controls a beam current.

Abstract: The invention provides novel therapeutic usages of inhibitors of a potassium channel of the cells. Since the increase of the intracellular calcium concentration is known to trigger various reactions which destroy the cells, the prevention of calcium entry by calcium channel blockers are known to be beneficial in protecting cell membranes in ischemic and traumatic injuries. However, the importance of potassium ions in cell injuries has not been well recognized. Using charybdotoxin (which is not a calcium channel blocker, but is a potassium channel blocker), the inventor found that this compound as well as related compounds have protecting effects in brain is chemia, liver ischemia and spinal cord injury at an extremely low concentration (0.05-0.14 mg/kg body weight). In in vitro experiments, these compounds inhibited the irreversible denaturation of sickle red cell membranes caused by sickling-unsickling stress at an extremely low concentration (2.times.10.sup.-8 M).

Abstract: A specimen or substrate cutting method of cutting or processing a predetermined portion of a specimen or substrate in a direction of depth thereof by generating a focused charged particle beam from a particle beam source and irradiating the predetermined portion of the specimen or substrate with the focused charged particle beam is disclosed in which a particle species of the charged particle beam is selected such that each of the melting point of the particle species itself and the melting point of an alloy or compound of the particle species and constituent atoms of the specimen or substrate is not lower than 3/2 times of the temperature of the specimen or substrate in units of absolute temperature. A secondary ion mass-spectroscopic analysis method is also disclosed in which the charged particle beam is used as a probe to mass-analyze secondary charged ion successively generated from the cut portion of the specimen or substrate.

Abstract: In an ion-beam machining method and apparatus of effecting sputtering by deflecting a focused ion beam and scanning it on a material surface, the relationship between the diameter d of the beam on the material surface and the height h of a stepped portion formed by each beam scan is changed from h.gtoreq.d to h<<d in accordance with an increase in the depth of a hole which is being formed, to thereby control the number of sputtered particles redeposited on side walls of the hole. The apparatus includes a deflection controller for controlling an ion beam deflector and blanking electrode so as to change the above-mentioned relationship between d and h.

Abstract: A therapeutic method of treatment of hemoglobinopathy by administration of a drug capable of blocking the Ca.sup.+2 channel in and out of muscle cells. Drugs known to possess this capability are 1,4-dihydropyridines, .beta.-phenethylamines, benzothiazepines, ethylenediamines and diaryl alkyl amines. These drugs are known to block the influx of Ca.sup.+2 into the cardiac muscle and are known to be useful in treatment of such heart muscle conditions as angina. It has now been unexpectedly discovered that such drugs can be used to treat hemoglobinopathy.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compounds which can protect (i) organs, such as the brain, spinal cord, heart, lung, liver, kidney, stomach, duodenum and blood vessels, (ii) skin cells, and (iii) circulating cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells from ischemic, physical, chemical and biological injuries either by pre-administation or post-administration. The compounds can also protect red blood cells from malarial parasites. The compounds are synthesized from prostaglandin A.sub.1 or E.sub.1 first by alkaline treatment to form free-acid molecules, and then by converting them to hydrophobic ester-form compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides a simple, non-invasive method of screening malignant hyperthermia using a few milliliters of blood drawn from an individual into an acid-citrate anti-coagulant. When blood preservation is not needed, the blood specimen is stored for several hours at room temperature, after which a small amount of blood is taken into a cuvette with the optical path of 0.1 mm. Then, by measuring optical densities at wavelengths of 542 and 578 nm, the susceptibility for malignant hyperthermia can be determined. When a blood specimen has to be shipped to a distant screening center, the specimen can be stored in a styroform container at 0.degree.-4.degree. C. with either wet ice or artificial coolant and delivered by an express carrier service. Upon arrival, optical measurement is done in a similar fashion.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the growth of malaria parasites in red blood cells not by affecting the parasites themselves but by affecting the metabolism of red blood cells. The method involves introducing and maintaining beta-adrenergic blockers or calmodulin antagonists in the blood stream at a concentration enough to suppress the parasite growth.