Abstract: A process by which a multi-image type hologram, wherein one 3D image changes over to another depending on a viewing direction, can be fabricated in a simple construction, and a multi-image type hologram fabricated by that process. According to the process for the fabrication of a multi-image type hologram wherein one image changes over to another depending on a viewing direction, the area of a hologram recording material is divided into a plurality of sub-areas. Objects to be displayed on different images are holographically recorded in the respective sub-areas, using reference light having the same angle of incidence, images recorded in the respective sub-areas are simultaneously reconstructed from the recorded first-stage hologram, so that a second-stage hologram recording material is located near the reconstructed object images for recording them as a reflection or transmission type volume hologram.

Abstract: The invention provides a process capable of fabricating a cholesteric liquid crystal medium having a volume hologram with efficiency yet without recourse to complicated steps such as an alignment step. This is achievable as follows. A volume hologram layer is formed on a substrate, and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is then formed on another substrate. The volume hologram layer and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer are laminated together via a bonding layer. Further, a bonding for lamination onto an application member is formed on either the volume hologram layer side or the cholesteric liquid crystal layer side to obtain a cholesteric liquid crystal medium having a volume hologram.

Abstract: The purpose of the invention is to obtain an anti-counterfeiting marker sheet that is inexpensive and with which authenticity can be assessed easily. The invention uses an anti-counterfeiting marker sheet (1) characterized in being provided with a substrate (3), and multiple markers (5), which are formed directly on the substrate (3) and the contour shape of which can be recognized by magnified examination. It is preferable that: the markers are not unevenly distributed but are irregularly disposed on the substrate; there are multiple marker (5) colors; and there are multiple types of shapes for the marker (5) contour shapes. It is also preferable that the minimum radius of curvature of the corners of the shapes formed when the markers (5) are viewed in plan view is 250 nm to less than 10 ?m.

Abstract: An authentication hologram uses a Lippmann hologram that enables a 3D object image having a vertical and horizontal field of vision as well as planar with added information viewable at a specific angle alone. In that authentication hologram, a hologram for reconstructing a 3D object image and a hologram mirror pattern that is formed at a pattern portion corresponding to the added information and has planar interference fringes placed one upon another and parallel at a constant spacing are recorded in a superposing fashion.

Abstract: A volume hologram layer (2) is formed on a substrate (1), and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer (3) is then formed on the hologram layer (2). After the substrate (1) is peeled off the volume hologram layer (2), an adhesive layer (4) is formed on the surface of the volume hologram layer (2) with the substrate (1) peeled off, and another substrate (5) is then formed on the adhesive layer (4). Finally, a label form of cholesteric liquid crystal medium having a volume hologram is shaped out of the resulting multilayer structure; it is thus possible to fabricate cholesteric liquid crystal media having a volume hologram with efficiency yet without recourse to any complicated steps such as an alignment step.

Abstract: A volume hologram recording material is located on the side of a reflection type volume hologram master onto which copying illumination light is incident, and the copying illumination light incident onto the recording material and light diffracted through the master interfere together in the volume hologram recording material thereby copying the reflection type volume hologram master. In this case, a reflecting plate having a fine regular reflection pattern is interleaved between the master and the recording material, and the copying illumination light incident onto the recording material and regularly reflected light from the reflecting plate having the regular reflection pattern interfere together in the recording material thereby allowing the regular reflection pattern to be multi-recorded in a hologram having the reflection type volume hologram master copied in it.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide fine particles, a particle group, an anti-counterfeiting ink, an anti-counterfeiting toner, an anti-counterfeiting sheet, and an anti-counterfeiting medium enabling to achieve a high level of authentication. The object of the present invention is achieved by providing the fine particle comprising an identification information group including multiple types of identification information identifiable by magnification, characterized in that the identification information group includes first identification information and second identification information which cannot be identified at any magnifying power capable of identifying the first identification information.

Abstract: A main object of the invention is to provide a taggant particle group that has a plurality of authentication steps and an excellent anti-counterfeit effect and can be applied to various anti-counterfeit media.

Abstract: There is provided a light-emitting medium by which whether a valuable paper or the like is forged or not can be judged easily and promptly. A light-emitting medium constituting a valuable paper includes a light-emitting image. The light-emitting image is composed of a pattern area formed on a substrate by using a first fluorescent ink containing a first fluorescent material, and a background area formed on the substrate by using a second fluorescent ink containing a second fluorescent material. When UV-A is irradiated, the first fluorescent ink and the second fluorescent ink emit light of colors that are viewed as different colors from each other. In addition, when UV-C is irradiated, the first fluorescent ink and the second fluorescent ink emit light of colors that are viewed as different colors from each other, the colors being different from the colors that are viewed when the UV-A is irradiated.

Abstract: A light-emitting medium including a light-emitting image having a pattern area formed on a substrate by using a first fluorescent ink containing a first fluorescent material, a background area formed on the substrate by using a second fluorescent ink containing a second fluorescent material, and a overcoat layer formed on the first fluorescent material of the pattern area and the second fluorescent material of the background area. The first fluorescent material is made of a fluorescent material which emits light of blue color when UV-A is irradiated, and emits light of red color when UV-C is irradiated. The second fluorescent material is made of a fluorescent material which emits light of blue color or light of a color that is viewed as the same color as the blue color when the UV-A is irradiated, and emits light of green color when the UV-C is irradiated.

Abstract: A light-emitting medium having a light-emitting image including first pattern elements formed on a substrate by using a first fluorescent ink containing a first fluorescent material, and second pattern elements formed on the substrate by using a second fluorescent ink containing a second fluorescent material. The first and second pattern elements form a plurality of micro-character rows m, and the first pattern elements form a latent image in the micro-character rows m. The first fluorescent material is made of a fluorescent material which emits light of blue color when UV-A is irradiated, and emits light of red color when UV-C is irradiated. The second fluorescent material is made of a fluorescent material which emits light of blue color or light of a color that is viewed as the same color as the blue color when the UV-A is irradiated, and emits light of green color when the UV-C is irradiated.

Abstract: A forgery prevention medium includes a volume hologram layer on which an interference pattern is recorded after being exposed to an emitted laser beam; a digital watermarking information layer that can be interpreted by emitting a light beam with a predetermined wavelength; and an adherend that has the digital watermarking information layer and is attached to the volume hologram layer, wherein the information layer is of a different color from the volume hologram layer.

Abstract: There is provided a light-emitting medium by which whether a valuable paper or the like is forged or not can be judged easily and promptly. A light-emitting medium constituting a valuable paper includes a light-emitting image. The light-emitting image is composed of a pattern area formed on a substrate by using a first fluorescent ink containing a first fluorescent material, and a background area formed on the substrate by using a second fluorescent ink containing a second fluorescent material. When UV-A is irradiated, the first fluorescent ink and the second fluorescent ink emit light of colors that are viewed as different colors from each other. In addition, when UV-C is irradiated, the first fluorescent ink and the second fluorescent ink emit light of colors that are viewed as different colors from each other, the colors being different from the colors that are viewed when the UV-A is irradiated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a security-conscious hologram which can apply a sufficient three-dimensional appearance to a reconstructed image in both its vertical and horizontal directions, and which is difficult to illegally copy and easily told from any illegal copy forged from it, and a holographic process of recording it The hologram H2 is of a combined reflection and volume type, wherein a subject image P is recorded, and minute reflection images F and O? from a light source are recorded at least in front of, or in the rear of, the subject image P, both in a reconstructible fashion, and a viewing position E is moved along a hologram surface, so that the subject image P and the minute reflection images F and O? are viewable at varied relative positions.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus for reading a document placed on a document positioning plate using a reading sensor unit mounted on a carriage includes a rack member provided in an apparatus body and having rack teeth provided along the moving direction of the carriage, a pinion gear rotatably disposed on the carriage and meshed with the rack teeth, a motor mounted on the carriage and driving the pinion gear, an urging member disposed between the carriage and the reading sensor unit and urging the reading sensor unit toward the document positioning plate, a guide rail provided in the apparatus body and guiding movement of the carriage, and a guide portion provided on the carriage and engaged with the guide rail, wherein the guide portion is pressed toward the guide rail by receiving a reaction force of the urging member at the carriage.

Abstract: A volume hologram recording material is located on the side of a reflection type volume hologram master onto which copying illumination light is incident, and the copying illumination light incident onto the recording material and light diffracted through the master interfere together in the volume hologram recording material thereby copying the reflection type volume hologram master. In this case, a reflecting plate having a fine regular reflection pattern is interleaved between the master and the recording material, and the copying illumination light incident onto the recording material and regularly reflected light from the reflecting plate having the regular reflection pattern interfere together in the recording material thereby allowing the regular reflection pattern to be multi-recorded in a hologram having the reflection type volume hologram master copied in it.

Abstract: The invention provides a hologram in which a visually unidentifiable microtext or other micropattern of the order of 10 ?m is recorded, and a process for the fabrication of the same. A volume hologram recording material 2 is located on the side of a reflection type volume hologram master 1 onto which copying illumination light 11 is incident, and the copying illumination light 11 incident onto the recording material 2 and light 12 diffracted through the master 1 interfere together in the volume hologram recording material 2 thereby copying the reflection type volume hologram master.

Abstract: The invention provides an authentication hologram using a Lippmann hologram that enables a 3D object image having a vertical and horizontal field of vision as well as planar, added information viewable at a specific angle alone are viewable, as shown in FIG. 5. In that authentication hologram, a hologram for reconstructing a 3D object image and a hologram mirror pattern that is formed at a pattern portion corresponding to added information and comprising planar interference fringes placed one upon another and parallel at a constant spacing are recorded in a superposing fashion.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus for reading a document placed on a document positioning plate using a reading sensor unit mounted on a carriage includes a rack member provided in an apparatus body and having rack teeth provided along the moving direction of the carriage, a pinion gear rotatably disposed on the carriage and meshed with the rack teeth, a motor mounted on the carriage and driving the pinion gear, an urging member disposed between the carriage and the reading sensor unit and urging the reading sensor unit toward the document positioning plate, a guide rail provided in the apparatus body and guiding movement of the carriage, and a guide portion provided on the carriage and engaged with the guide rail, wherein the guide portion is pressed toward the guide rail by receiving a reaction force of the urging member at the carriage.

Abstract: With a high-speed nonvolatile phase change memory, reliability in respect of the number of refresh times is enhanced. In a memory cell forming area of a phase change memory using a MISFET as a transistor for selection of memory cells, a phase change material layer of a memory cell comprising a resistor element, using a phase change material, is formed for common use. As a result, variation in shape and a change in composition of the phase change material, caused by isolation of memory cell elements by etching, are reduced, thereby enhancing reliability of memory cells, in respect of the number of refresh times.