Abstract: An image reading apparatus for reading a document placed on a document positioning plate using a reading sensor unit mounted on a carriage includes a rack member provided in an apparatus body and having rack teeth provided along the moving direction of the carriage, a pinion gear rotatably disposed on the carriage and meshed with the rack teeth, a motor mounted on the carriage and driving the pinion gear, an urging member disposed between the carriage and the reading sensor unit and urging the reading sensor unit toward the document positioning plate, a guide rail provided in the apparatus body and guiding movement of the carriage, and a guide portion provided on the carriage and engaged with the guide rail, wherein the guide portion is pressed toward the guide rail by receiving a reaction force of the urging member at the carriage.

Abstract: To provide a technology which facilitates an operation for placing a document with a larger size than a size of a document table, on the document table. A document cover is positioned at a plurality of open positions to a document table. A pivot of a document table 2 and a hinge 7 is configured by two pivots A1, A2, and a constricted portion 1b and it is configured in such a manner that, in case of setting a document with a smaller size than that of the document table 2, the pivot A2 is pivoted at a convex portion 7a of the hinge 7, and in case of setting a document with a larger size than that of the document table 2, the convex portion 7a is moved to the pivot A1 side through the constricted portion 1b, and the pivot A1 is pivoted at the convex portion 7a.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an authenticity indicator that cannot be easily forged, that is clearly distinguishable, and that can be elaborately designed. An authenticity indicator 101 is in the form of a sheet and can be checked for its authenticity by observing the light reflected from it. The authenticity indicator comprises a first reflective layer 12 comprising a reflective area 12a that reflects specified light, and a second reflective layer 15 that reflects specified light. The reflective area of the first reflective layer has a cholesteric liquid crystalline structure. The second reflective layer comprises a volume hologram.

Abstract: In order to adjust the optical axis of a light beam L1 in an exposure apparatus, on a support body in an XYZ three-dimensional coordinate system are mounted: a first mirror 10 having a reflective surface M1 obtained by rotating a plane parallel to the XY plane around an axis 11 parallel to the Y axis by an angle of ?; and a second mirror 20 having a reflective surface M2 obtained by rotating a plane parallel to the XZ plane around an axis 21 parallel to the X axis by an angle of ?. There are provided: position adjustment means for moving the entire support body having the two mirrors parallel to the XY plane; and angle adjustment means for adjusting the angle of the second mirror 20. The incident light L1 is reflected on the reflective surfaces M1 and M2 to be output as an outgoing light L3, where it is possible to perform an optical axis adjustment concerning position and angle by controlling the position adjustment means and the angle adjustment means.

Abstract: A forgery prevention medium includes a volume hologram layer on which an interference pattern is recorded after being exposed to at least an emitted laser beam; a digital watermarking information layer on which digital watermarking information is recorded; and a substrate film, and the information recorded on the digital watermarking information layer is interpreted by emitting a light beam that is different in one or more of the characteristics, incidence direction, incidence angle and incidence wavelength, from a hologram reproduction illumination beam used to reproduce an image recorded on the volume hologram layer.

Abstract: A forgery prevention medium includes a volume hologram layer on which an interference pattern is recorded after being exposed to an emitted laser beam; a digital watermarking information layer that can be interpreted by emitting a light beam with a predetermined wavelength; and an adherend that has the digital watermarking information layer and is attached to the volume hologram layer, wherein the information layer is of a different color from the volume hologram layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a see-through transmitting-reflecting projection screen excellent in transparency, capable of sharply displaying, on its both sides, identical or different images even under bright environmental light. A transmitting-reflecting projection screen 10 comprises a reflection-type screen 11 and a transmission-type screen 12. The reflection-type screen 11 reflects a specific polarized component of imaging light projected. The reflection-type screen 11 does not reflect a polarized component, different from the specific polarized component, of the imaging light, and this polarized component passes through the reflection-type screen 11 and the transmission-type screen 12.

Abstract: The invention provides a process capable of fabricating a cholesteric liquid crystal medium having a volume hologram with efficiency yet without recourse to complicated steps such as an alignment step. This is achievable as follows. A volume hologram layer is formed on a substrate, and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is then formed on another substrate comprising a center substrate film that is subjected to bondable treatment. The volume hologram layer is applied to the center substrate film that is subjected to bondable treatment, and placed in a state where the volume hologram layer and cholesteric liquid crystal layer are laminated together via the substrate. The substrate is peeled off the volume hologram layer, and an adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the volume hologram layer off which the substrate is peeled off, followed by the provision of the substrate on the adhesive layer.

Abstract: To provide a technology which facilitates an operation for placing a document with a larger size than a size of a document table, on the document table. A document cover is positioned at a plurality of open positions to a document table. A pivot of a document table 2 and a hinge 7 is configured by two pivots A1, A2, and a constricted portion 1b and it is configured in such a manner that, in case of setting a document with a smaller size than that of the document table 2, the pivot A2 is pivoted at a convex portion 7a of the hinge 7, and in case of setting a document with a larger size than that of the document table 2, the convex portion 7a is moved to the pivot A1 side through the constricted portion 1b, and the pivot A1 is pivoted at the convex portion 7a.

Abstract: With a high-speed nonvolatile phase change memory, reliability in respect of the number of refresh times is enhanced. In a memory cell forming area of a phase change memory using a MISFET as a transistor for selection of memory cells, a phase change material layer of a memory cell comprising a resistor element, using a phase change material, is formed for common use. As a result, variation in shape and a change in composition of the phase change material, caused by isolation of memory cell elements by etching, are reduced, thereby enhancing reliability of memory cells, in respect of the number of refresh times.

Abstract: The present invention is characterized to provide a hologram silver halide photographic material having high sensitivity and diffraction efficiency, providing an excellent image and having less color residue and noise in a transparent part, a hologram, a method for producing the same. In the present invention, a hologram silver halide photographic material having at least one silver halide emulsion layer formed on a support, wherein an average particle diameter of silver halide particles in a silver halide emulsion is 0.03 ?m to 0.07 ?m; a film thickness of the silver halide emulsion layer is 4 ?m to 9 ?m; a silver/gelatin ratio of the silver halide emulsion layer is 0.3 to 0.6; and the silver halide emulsion layer contains sensitizing dye of specific structure.

Abstract: To provide a technology which facilitates an operation for placing a document with a larger size than a size of a document table, on the document table. A document cover is positioned at a plurality of open positions to a document table. A pivot of a document table 2 and a hinge 7 is configured by two pivots A1, A2, and a constricted portion 1b and it is configured in such a manner that, in case of setting a document with a smaller size than that of the document table 2, the pivot A2 is pivoted at a convex portion 7a of the hinge 7, and in case of setting a document with a larger size than that of the document table 2, the convex portion 7a is moved to the pivot Al side through the constricted portion 1b, and the pivot A1 is pivoted at the convex portion 7a.

Abstract: The invention provides a process capable of fabricating a cholesteric liquid crystal medium having a volume hologram with efficiency yet without recourse to complicated steps such as an alignment step. This is achievable as follows. A volume hologram layer is formed on a substrate, and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is then formed on another substrate comprising a center substrate film that is subjected to bondable treatment. The volume hologram layer is applied to the center substrate film that is subjected to bondable treatment, and placed in a state where the volume hologram layer and cholesteric liquid crystal layer are laminated together via the substrate. The substrate is peeled off the volume hologram layer, and an adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the volume hologram layer off which the substrate is peeled off, followed by the provision of the substrate on the adhesive layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a security-conscious hologram which can apply a sufficient three-dimensional appearance to a reconstructed image in both its vertical and horizontal directions, and which is difficult to illegally copy and easily told from any illegal copy forged from it, and a holographic process of recording it The hologram H2 is of a combined reflection and volume type, wherein a subject image P is recorded, and minute reflection images F and O? from a light source are recorded at least in front of, or in the rear of, the subject image P, both in a reconstructible fashion, and a viewing position E is moved along a hologram surface, so that the subject image P and the minute reflection images F and O? are viewable at varied relative positions.

Abstract: The invention provides a hologram in which a visually unidentifiable microtext or other micropattern of the order of 10 ?m is recorded, and a process for the fabrication of the same. A volume hologram recording material 2 is located on the side of a reflection type volume hologram master 1 onto which copying illumination light 11 is incident, and the copying illumination light 11 incident onto the recording material 2 and light 12 diffracted through the master 1 interfere together in the volume hologram recording material 2 thereby copying the reflection type volume hologram master.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus for reading a document placed on a document positioning plate using a reading sensor unit mounted on a carriage includes a rack member provided in an apparatus body and having rack teeth provided along the moving direction of the carriage, a pinion gear rotatably disposed on the carriage and meshed with the rack teeth, a motor mounted on the carriage and driving the pinion gear, an urging member disposed between the carriage and the reading sensor unit and urging the reading sensor unit toward the document positioning plate, a guide rail provided in the apparatus body and guiding movement of the carriage, and a guide portion provided on the carriage and engaged with the guide rail, wherein the guide portion is pressed toward the guide rail by receiving a reaction force of the urging member at the carriage.

Abstract: To set at least the main portion of a read original on an image reading apparatus while avoiding a discontinuous portion, the position of the discontinuous portion of photoelectric conversion element arrays is indicated, or an original holder to be used to set the original while avoiding the discontinuous portion is arranged.

Abstract: The invention provides a process capable of fabricating a cholesteric liquid crystal medium having a volume hologram with efficiency yet without recourse to complicated steps such as an alignment step. This is achievable as follows. A volume hologram layer is formed on a substrate, and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is then formed on another substrate comprising a center substrate film that is subjected to bondable treatment. The volume hologram layer is applied to the center substrate film that is subjected to bondable treatment, and placed in a state where the volume hologram layer and cholesteric liquid crystal layer are laminated together via the substrate. The substrate is peeled off the volume hologram layer, and an adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the volume hologram layer off which the substrate is peeled off, followed by the provision of the substrate on the adhesive layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a security-conscious hologram which can apply a sufficient three-dimensional appearance to a reconstructed image in both its vertical and horizontal directions, and which is difficult to illegally copy and easily told from any illegal copy forged from it, and a holographic process of recording it. The hologram H2 is of a combined reflection and volume type, wherein a subject image P is recorded, and minute reflection images F and O? from a light source are recorded at least in front of, or in the rear of, the subject image P, both in a reconstructible fashion, and a viewing position E is moved along a hologram surface, so that the subject image P and the minute reflection images F and O? are viewable at varied relative positions.

Abstract: A volume hologram layer (2) is formed on a substrate (1), and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer (3) is then formed on the hologram layer (2). After the substrate (1) is peeled off the volume hologram layer (2), an adhesive layer (4) is formed on the surface of the volume hologram layer (2) with the substrate (1) peeled off, and another substrate (5) is then formed on the adhesive layer (4). Finally, a label form of cholesteric liquid crystal medium having a volume hologram is shaped out of the resulting multilayer structure; it is thus possible to fabricate cholesteric liquid crystal media having a volume hologram with efficiency yet without recourse to any complicated steps such as an alignment step.