Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed to control throughput performance. In an embodiment, a service communication proxy (SCP) component comprises a programmable interface configured to transmit, to a wireless network element, a message comprising interface specification between a network function consumer and a network function producer.

Abstract: A method and a system are disclosed for providing session continuity in a 5G system. A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a session management function (SMF), a first Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message indicating a Packet Data Unit (PDU) session re-establishment. Upon receiving the first NAS message, the WTRU may determine an old PDU session ID based on the NAS message and generate a new PDU session ID. The WTRU may transmit a second NAS message indicating a PDU session establishment request. The second NAS message may include the old and new PDU session IDs. Upon receiving the PDU session establishment request, the SMF may determine that the old PDU session ID is associated with an existing PDU session for which the PDU session re-establishment is requested. The SMF may also determine that the new PDU session ID is associated with a new PDU session to be established.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)-based edge compute autoscaling. For example, a WTRU may receive a message from a network device. The message may include a list of one or more edge application servers (EAS) associated with an un-instantiated application. The WTRU may select an EAS from the list of one or more EAS associated with the un-instantiated application. The WTRU may transmit a request to an edge data network (EDN), the request indicating a request to instantiate the un-instantiated application at the selected EAS. The WTRU may receive a response from the EDN, the response indicating that the un-instantiated application has been instantiated at the selected edge application server and indicating information for accessing the now instantiated application at the EAS.

Abstract: A WTRU may perform cERFs. A method may include any of: transmitting, to a nEAR, a signal requesting an IP address identifying (e.g., associated with) a DNS server associated with the WTRU; applying, by the WTRU, any of EI record rules for the identified DNS server, or updating EI records with the IP address identifying the DNS server; transmitting, to a DNS server, a DNS query associated with a FQDN; receiving, in response to the DNS query, FQDN resolution from the DNS server; on condition that a mobility event of the WTRU occurs, transmitting, to the nEAR, a signal requesting information for updating the EI records of the WTRU; and applying, by the WTRU, any of the updated EI record rules in order to perform any of: (1) redirecting application session traffic to provides session continuity for the WTRU, and (2) breaking any number of application sessions.

Abstract: In some cases, various advanced end-user devices, such as wireless transmit receive units (WTRUs), may be used for consuming content (e.g., watching/listening to pre-recorded content, interacting with content or others, watching/listening to live content, data, traffic, etc.). Accordingly, in order to satisfy these new use cases, there may be a single PDU session management procedure(s) that distributes a single PDU session among multiple devices over networks. In some cases, there may be the distribution of functions belonging to a single terminal over multiple terminals thereby improving efficiency of execution and improved user experience.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described which perform bandwidth aggregation by simultaneously monitoring and processing a number of simultaneous, non-contiguous or contiguous component carriers in the downlink. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) can be configured by an evolved Node-B (eNodeB) to support additional component carriers. A pre-configured additional component carrier may be used. Various methods for activating and deactivating the additional component carrier are also described.

Abstract: In an implementation, a second device, for example a second WTRU, may receive a Link Modification Request (LMR) message from a first device, for example a first WTRU, via a first relay. The LMR message may include one or more new MSBs for a new Key NR ProSe identifier (KNRP ID). The second WTRU may send a link modification accept (LMA) message to the first WTRU via the first relay. The LMA message may include one or more new LSBs for the new KNRP ID. The second WTRU may form the new KNRP ID by combining the one or more new MSBs with the one or more new LSBs and replacing an existing KNRP ID with the new KNRP ID. The second WTRU may also receive a direct connection request (DCR) message from the first WTRU via a second relay. The DCR message may include the new KNRP ID.

Abstract: A method for use in wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) which assesses both a first network and a second network to receive radio frames from each of the first network and the second network is disclosed. The method comprise: obtaining a first paging occasion (PO) as the first network's current PO and a second PO as the second network's current PO; determining whether there is a PO collision between the first PO and the second PO, on condition that there is the PO collision, selecting a network from the first network and the second network, and sending a request to the selected network; receiving, from the selected network, a collision avoidance parameter corresponding to the request; calculating a third PO for the selected network using the collision avoidance parameter, and using the third PO as the selected network's current PO.

Abstract: A system, method, and/or device for relay communications are provided. In some implementations, a method implemented by a WTRU may include sending a Link Modification Request (LMR) message to a second WTRU via a first relay, wherein the LMR message includes one or more new most significant bytes (MSBs) for a new Key NR ProSe identifier (KNRP ID), receiving a link modification accept (LMA) message from the second WTRU via a first relay, where the LMA message includes one or more new least significant bytes (LSBs) for the new KNRP ID, forming the new KNRP ID by combining the one or more new MSBs with the one or more new LSBs and replacing an existing KNRP ID with the new KNRP ID. The device may include sending a direct connection request (DCR) message to the second WTRU via a second relay, where the DCR message includes the new KNRP ID.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for managing net-work reselection for a high number of users. A Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit, WTRU, generates a registration request indicating that the WTRU has been temporarily connected to a hosting network and that the WTRU requests re-registration to a home network of the WTRU, sends the registration request intended for the home network, receives from the home network a hosting network-specific congestion-related registration reject message including a hosting network specific back-off time value, waits for time corresponding to the back-off time value has elapsed, and sends a further registration request to the home network. The back-off time value is determined by the home network from a number of WRTUs susceptible to attempt re-registration and a capacity of the home network to handle simultaneous registration requests.

Abstract: Method and apparatuses for low-latency transmission of sensor data and wireless modem data are described herein. A method may comprise associating, by a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU), a first Unique Data Identifier (UDI) with the sensor data and a second UDI with the wireless modem data. The method may further comprise generating, by the WTRU, a mapping between the first UDI and a first network Quality of Service (QoS) Flow Identifiers (QFIs) and a mapping between the second UDI and a second network QFI. The method may further comprise transmitting, by the WTRU, the sensor data and the wireless modem data to a network node.

Abstract: A method implemented in a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit, WTRU, for selecting a local network for the WTRU to join includes storing steering of roaming, SoR, information for a plurality of local service hosting networks, wherein the SoR information includes an indication of a priority order in a list of network identifiers, switching to an access mode for network searching, searching for a local service hosting network to join from among the plurality of local service hosting networks, and selecting a local service hosting network to join based on the indication of the priority order in the list of network identifiers. The method may further include updating the SoR information during any one or more of a periodic procedure or a mobility registration procedure.

Abstract: The device may be a multi-universal subscriber identity module (MUSIM) device. The device may send a first registration request to a first network, for example, to enable an unavailability period feature with the second network. The registration request may indicate a first unavailability duration. The device may determine that an unavailability event is triggered. The device may determine that the device will be unavailable for a period of time. The device may receive a first registration response, for example, a first registration accept message. The first registration response may indicate a first registration duration. The device may determine a second unavailability duration. The device may send a second registration request to a second network, for example, indicate the second unavailability duration. The device may receive a second registration response. The second registration response may be a second registration accept message.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to determine slice availability in tracking areas (TAs) of a registration area (RA). In a representative example, the WTRU may use determined slice availability to detect changes in slice availability among different TAs. For example, the WTRU may move from a first TA of a RA where access to a first slice is unavailable to a second TA of the RA where access to the first slice is available. The WTRU may receive information during a registration procedure in the first TA that indicates the first slice is available in less than all TAs of the RA. Upon moving to the second TA, the WTRU may (e.g., again) perform a registration procedure in the second TA of the RA in order to access the first slice in the second TA.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are described herein for unifying multiple edge configuration server (ECS) procedures. The ECS procedures used by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to obtain an ECS configuration and/or access an ECS.

Abstract: A method and a system are disclosed for providing session continuity in a 5G system. A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a session management function (SMF), a first Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message indicating a Packet Data Unit (PDU) session re-establishment. Upon receiving the first NAS message, the WTRU may determine an old PDU session ID based on the NAS message and generate a new PDU session ID. The WTRU may transmit a second NAS message indicating a PDU session establishment request. The second NAS message may include the old and new PDU session IDs. Upon receiving the PDU session establishment request, the SMF may determine that the old PDU session ID is associated with an existing PDU session for which the PDU session re-establishment is requested. The SMF may also determine that the new PDU session ID is associated with a new PDU session to be established.

Abstract: A device (e.g., a WTRU, network device, such as a device comprising an access and mobility function (AMF)) may perform one or more of the following actions. The device may send a registration request via non-access stratus signaling. The registration request may include a first duration. The device may receive a registration accept message. The registration accept message may indicate whether the device is to inform the network entity when the WTRU is available. The device may determine that an unavailability event has ended. The WTRU may determine whether to inform the network entity that the WTRU is available. The device may send a registration update request, for example, based on a determination that the unavailability event has ended and a determination that the WTRU is to inform the network entity when the WTRU is available. The registration update request may indicate that the WTRU is available.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing information to a network are disclosed. An eNodeB (eNB) may receive pattern information relating to connection state management behavior of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The eNB may receive this information over S1 signaling when a connection is established. The eNB may determine a time factor for connection state management, wherein the time factor may be based on the received information. The determine time factor may be used to adjust connection states of the WTRU.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described which perform bandwidth aggregation by simultaneously monitoring and processing a number of simultaneous, non-contiguous or contiguous component carriers in the downlink. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) can be configured by an evolved Node-B (eNodeB) to support additional component carriers. A pre-configured additional component carrier may be used. Various methods for activating and deactivating the additional component carrier are also described.

Abstract: A method for use in wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) which assesses both a first network and a second network to receive radio frames from each of the first network and the second network is disclosed. The method comprise: obtaining a first paging occasion (PO) as the first network's current PO and a second PO as the second network's current PO; determining whether there is a PO collision between the first PO and the second PO, on condition that there is the PO collision, selecting a network from the first network and the second network, and sending a request to the selected network; receiving, from the selected network, a collision avoidance parameter corresponding to the request; calculating a third PO for the selected network using the collision avoidance parameter, and using the third PO as the selected network's current PO.