Abstract: A network device comprises a processor configured to receive a sample from a vertical federated learning (VFL) participant of a plurality of VFL participants associated with a VFL model. The processor may be configured to determine a sample identifier (ID) for the sample from the VFL participant of a plurality of VFL participants. The sample ID may be used, for example, to identify a specific VFL procedure based on the VFL model. The processor may be configured to send the sample ID to the plurality of VFL participants. The processor may be configured to send an indication to the plurality of VFL participants to initiate a VFL training based on the sample ID.

Abstract: This disclosure is related to initiating a network initiated registration procedure. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to transmit, to a wireless network, a first information indicating a capability to sponsor one or more other WTRUs that are not registered with a mobile operator network (MNO). The WTRU may receive security credentials associated with one or more virtual context identifiers. The WTRU may transmit a second information. The wireless network may be configured to initiate a registration procedure, based on the second information. The WTRU may receive, from the wireless network, third information. The WTRU may communicate with the one or more other WTRUs using the wireless network, based on the third information and on a policy of the MNO.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are provided for network-initiated wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) registration. WTRU methods and systems include scanning for and receiving a first system information block (SIB) including network-initiated registration (NIR) information from a wireless network, where the WTRU is not registered with the wireless network and the scanning is based on a scanning configuration. The methods and systems further include transmitting a request for a second SIB to the wireless network based on the NIR information of the first SIB indicating that additional NIR information is available and receiving the second SIB, which includes the additional NIR information. The methods and system additionally include transmitting a registration request to the wireless network based on the NIR information and on the additional NIR information, where the wireless network registers the WTRU based on the registration request.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, and devices are provided for a node of a wireless network to register a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for communication with the wireless network. A method includes receiving, from a WTRU, a radio resource control message including a registration message and an access node parameter of the WTRU. The method includes selecting, based on the access node parameter and based on querying the wireless network, an instance of a network function from a plurality of available network function instances, wherein the instance of the network function supports a registration of the WTRU. The method includes receiving, from the wireless network, a response message including a temporary identification associated with the access node parameter of the WTRU. The method includes causing the WTRU to be registered for communication with the wireless network based on the temporary identification and based on the instance of the network function.

Abstract: A method performed by a WTRU may comprise: detecting a DLT; transmitting, to a network node, a DLT reporting request message including a DDC associated with the detected DLT; receiving, from the network node, a DLT reporting response message, including a DLT status of the detected DLT; and receiving, from the network node, a DLT policy update notification message, including the DLT status and an updated DLT reporting policy associated with the detected DLT. The WTRU may be a sensing WTRU. The network node may be configured with a DLTF. The DLT status may be a desirable state, an undesirable state, or an unknown state.

Abstract: A method implemented by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is disclosed. The method may comprise determining to enter a powered down state and determining a temporary identifier. The method may also comprise sending the temporary identifier to an ambient internet of things (AIoT) device and sending a request to a network to subscribe to a power on or wake-up procedure. The request may include at least the temporary identifier. Further, the method may comprise sending a notification to the AIoT device indicating the WTRU is entering the powered down state and entering the powered down state. Additionally, the method may comprise receiving a wake-up message from the AIoT device and exiting the powered down state in response to receiving the wake-up message from the AIoT device.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and procedures are disclosed herein for handling of network functions (NFs) deployed in a customer premise network (CPN) in wireless communications. For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to send, to an access and mobility management function (AMF), a first registration message indicating a request for the AMF to proxy register a network function (NF) or an NF group associated with the WTRU. The WTRU is further configured to receive, from the AMF, a second registration message indicating proxy registration information based on the first registration message, and send, to the AMF, a message indicating NF profile information of the NF or the NF group associated with the WTRU.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to: receive trust management function (TMF) configuration information comprising at least one identifier of at least one external TMF (eTMF); send a first request message to a first network node comprising a first service identification; receive a second request message from a second network node comprising an identifier of the second network node and a second service identification; determine that the identifier of the second network node matches an identifier from the at least one identifier of the at least one eTMF; determine that the second service identification matches the first service identification; send a first response message to the second network node indicating permission for the second network node to expose WTRU trust information to a third network node; receive a second response message from the first network node that indicates whether the requested service in the first request message is granted.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for trust exposure in a wireless communication system. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may indicate a WTRU trust capability to a trust management function (TMF). The WTRU may create one or more WTRU trust information exposure policies and/or transmit the one or more WTRU trust information exposure policies to the TMF. The WTRU may transmit an application request to an application server (AS). The WTRU may receive a trust information exposure request from the TMF. The WTRU may approve the trust information exposure request. The WTRU may transmit a trust information exposure response to the TMF. The WTRU may receive a trust information exposure notification from the TMF. The WTRU may receive an application response from the AS.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems are disclosed. In one example, a method performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes receiving an indication of a relation between a key performance indicator and a configuration parameter; receiving an indication of a range of values that can be assigned to the parameter and an initial value for the parameter; receiving configuration information that indicates a first condition associated with the key performance indicator; in response to a determination that the first condition has been satisfied, determining an updated value for the configured parameter, wherein the updated value is within the range of the values, to achieve a second condition associated with the key performance indicator using a model; and in response to a determination that the updated value is to be assigned to the configuration parameter, performing one or more actions.

Abstract: A function entity (FE) receives an FE trust registration request notification from a network node, including contact information of the network node. The FE sends an FE trust registration request to the network node, including contact information of external trust management functions (eTMFs), and an identifier of the FE. The FE receives an FE trust registration response from the network node, including one or more of: an identifier of an FE profile for the FE, an identifier of the eTMFs, an identifier of eTMF profiles, an association of the FE profile and the eTMF profiles, or an identifier of the network node. The FE sends an FE trust registration completion notification to a selected eTMF of the eTMFs, based on the FE trust registration response. The FE trust registration completion notification includes the identifier of the network node, an identifier of the selected eTMF, and the identifier of the FE.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a network, configuration information that is associated with a plurality of configuration parameters and may indicate one or more of an applicability range for each of the plurality of configuration parameters or a set of default and non-default values for each of the plurality of configuration parameters. The WTRU may determine that one or more conditions associated with a first configuration parameter of the plurality of configuration parameters has been met. The WTRU may change a configured value of the first configuration parameter from a first configured value to a second configured value, based on the one or more conditions being met. The WTRU may send a report to the network that indicates the second configured value of the first configuration parameter.

Abstract: A method performed by a WTRU includes receiving a first list, the first list comprising a network slice-set of preferred PLMNs or SNPNs, the first list associated with one or more SNSSAI and PLMN/SNPN prioritization information, receiving an allowed NSSAI list that does not include a first S-NSSAI in the first list, detecting an event associated with the first S-NSSAI, the event comprising one of (i) a detection that uplink application traffic is associated with the first S-NSSAI that is not part of the allowed NSSAI list, or (ii) sending a PDU Session Request that includes the first S-NSSAI and receiving a PDU Session Rejection message or receiving an indication that the first S-NSSAI is a rejected S-NSSAI, selecting a PLMN/SNPN among multiple PLMN/SNPNs on the first list, and registering with the selected PLMN/SNPN and sending a requested NSSAI list that includes at least the first S-NSSAI.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information. The configuration information may include one or more first conditions, for example associated with collected data. The WTRU may determine to perform handover (HO), for example from a first cell to a second cell. The WTRU may determine whether the one or more first conditions associated with the collected data are satisfied, for example in response to the determination to perform HO from the first cell to the second cell. The WTRU may perform HO to the second cell. In response to the performance of HO to the second cell and/or based on the determination of whether the one or more first conditions associated with collected data are satisfied for example, The WTRU perform one or more of maintaining the collected data, discarding the collected data, and/or maintaining the collected data for a predetermined time.

Abstract: A method may be implemented by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), including sending a first message to the network indicating that the WTRU can determine a value of a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) layer parameter. Configuration information may be received from a network, indicating whether the WTRU is permitted to determine the value of the NAS layer parameter and whether the WTRU is to report the value to the network prior to utilizing the value. The value may be determined based on the at least one condition associated with the WTRU. The value of the NAS layer parameter may be a timer value. The value of the NAS layer parameter may be applied to a NAS procedure performed by the WTRU. A second message may be sent to the network, comprising an indication of the value of the NAS layer parameter or an indication that the WTRU has applied the value.

Abstract: In some implementations, a WTRU may include transmitting, to a network element, a request to join a collaboration infrastructure associated with one or more activities. In addition, the WTRU may include receiving, from the network element, a request response including information indicating a proposal of a smart contract that may include responsibilities and policies associated with joining the collaboration infrastructure, and information indicating conducted tasks to be assigned by the network element. The WTRU may include transmitting, to the network element, feedback on the smart contract. Moreover, the WTRU may include receiving, from the network element, a WTRU collaboration guide indicating one or more tasks assigned to the WTRU. Also, the WTRU may include evaluating the one or more tasks assigned to the WTRU. Further, the WTRU may include transmitting, to the network element, an acknowledgement of the one or more tasks assigned to the WTRU.

Abstract: An embodiment of a wireless-transmit-receive unit (WTRU) is configured to send, to a network, a first request to access a first group of one or more network slices while the WTRU is within a tracking area (TA), to receive, from the network in response to the first request, an indication that at least one of the network slices is available in the TA and a denial of access to the at least one of the available network slices, to determine that a restriction-clearing event has occurred, and to send, to the network in response to determining that a restriction-clearing event has occurred, a second request to access a second group of one or more network slices including the at least one of the available network slices to which the network denied access.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein to support steering mode restrictions. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a first message from a network device, wherein the first message may indicate at least a first rule and a second rule for performing uplink transmissions associated with a protocol data unit (PDU) session across a first network access leg and a second network access leg. The WTRU may perform a first uplink transmission associated with the PDU session via at least one of the first network access leg or the second network access leg in accordance with the first rule. The WTRU may then determine that a condition for applying the second rule is satisfied and, in response to the determination, perform a second uplink transmission associated with the PDU session via at least one of the first network access leg or the second network access leg in accordance with the second rule.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein to support steering mode restrictions. A network device may receive a first message from another network device, wherein the first message may indicate at least a first rule and a second rule for performing downlink transmissions associated with a protocol data unit (PDU) session. The network device may perform a first downlink transmission associated with the PDU session via at least one of a first network access leg or a second network access leg, wherein the first downlink transmission may be performed in accordance with the first rule. Subsequently, the network device may determine that a condition for applying the second rule is satisfied and, in response, perform a second downlink transmission associated with the PDU session via at least one of the first network access leg or the second network access leg, wherein the second downlink transmission may be performed in accordance with the second rule.

Abstract: Procedures and embodiments for WTRU member selection based on per-app user consent may be described herein. A network exposure function (NEF) may receive filtering criteria and/or a list of target WTRUs from an application function (AF). The filtering criteria may be based on user consent. The NEF may receive WTRU subscription data from the unified data management (UDM) comprising user consent value(s) associated with an application or multiple applications. The NEF may perform filtering for member selection assistance based on the user consent information and/or other filtering criteria. The NEF may send the filtered list of WTRUs to the AF.