Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for priority handling for ProSe Communications. A relay wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may act as a relay between the network and the remote WTRU. The relay WTRU may receive a temporary mobile group identity (TMGI) request message from a remote WTRU. The TMGI request message may include a TMGI, a ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI, etc. The relay WTRU may receive an evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service (eMBMS) data packet from a network. The eMBMS may be associated with the TMGI. The relay WTRU may apply the received ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI to the received eMBMS data packet. The relay WTRU may relay the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU based on the ProSe per packet priority level. The relay WTRU may forward the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU via a PC5 interface.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed to improved service continuity in connection with wireless transmit/receive devices not remaining within proximity/range of each other to continue device-to-device (D2D) communications are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is method and an evolved NodeB (eNB) for use in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network including establishing an X2 interface between the eNB and another eNB and communicating information between the eNB and the another eNB via the X2 interface.

Abstract: Instantiating a Network Service described by a Forwarding Graph comprising Virtual Network Functions, VNF instances, which are interconnected via communication links. This includes splitting the Forwarding Graph into n VNF Elementary Graphs, VNF EGs. Each of the VNF EGs for a VNF Instance includes routing information for forwarding, by that VNF instance and to another VNF instance, packets output by that VNF instance based on a packet class identifier included in the packet. Each of the VNF EGs is transmitted to the corresponding VNF instance for that VNF EG. Each of the VNF instances, when outputting a packet handled by it, then transmits the packet to a next VNF instance based on the packet class identifier included in the packet.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for priority handling for ProSe Communications. A relay wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may act as a relay between the network and the remote WTRU. The relay WTRU may receive a temporary mobile group identity (TMGI) request message from a remote WTRU. The TMGI request message may include a TMGI, a ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI, etc. The relay WTRU may receive an evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service (eMBMS) data packet from a network. The eMBMS may be associated with the TMGI. The relay WTRU may apply the received ProSe per packet priority level associated with the TMGI to the received eMBMS data packet. The relay WTRU may relay the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU based on the ProSe per packet priority level. The relay WTRU may forward the eMBMS data packet to the remote WTRU via a PC5 interface.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed that are associated with cellular communications for unmanned aerial vehicles and associated devices. A WTRU may initiate multiple PDU sessions. The WTRU may initiate a first protocol data unit (PDU) session. The WTRU may receive one or more session parameters for a second PDU session. The one or more session parameters for the second PDU session may be received via the first PDU session. The WTRU may initiate the second PDU session using the one or more session parameters (e.g., based on an authentication and authorization associated with the first PDU session being successful). The WTRU may send or receive an operation communication via the second PDU session. The operation communication may comprise an unmanned aerial vehicle command and control message or an unmanned aerial vehicle payload message.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for offloading traffic from a third generation partnership project (3GPP) access network to a non-3GPP access point (AP) are disclosed. A 3GPP access network entity may receive subscription information associated with a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU). The 3GPP access network entity may further receive traffic associated with the WTRU. The 3GPP access network entity may further determine whether to offload the traffic to the non-3GPP AP based on the subscription information. The 3GPP access network entity may also forward the traffic to the non-3GPP AP based on its determination.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for protocol data unit (PDU) session management over different access technologies (ATS) are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a first message from a network over a first access technology. The first message may include an indication for the WTRU to reestablish resources for one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions over a second access technology. The WTRU may determine that a PDU session of the one or more PDU sessions is locally deactivated by the WTRU. The WTRU may send a second message via the first access technology. The second message may include a PDU session status information element (IE) indicating the PDU session is locally deactivated such that the network releases the PDU session.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for registration and security for wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) with multiple universal subscriber identity modules (USIMs). Optimized registration and authentication procedures, that enable a WTRU to register and authenticate multiple USIMs during one registration and authentication procedure are described herein. The techniques described herein may eliminate the need for separate registration and authentication procedures for each USIM. A gateway device may inform the network in a Registration Request message that it is registering multiple devices (i.e., multiple WTRUs). The network and the gateway may then perform an authentication procedure with an aggregate challenge/response (i.e., a single challenge for each WTRU). A WTRU may inform the network in a Registration Request message that it is registering multiple USIMs. The network and the WTRU may then perform an authentication procedure with an aggregate challenge/response (i.e.

Abstract: Method, systems, and devices for transparent relocatable application instance deployment are described. A method performed by a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit may comprise transmitting, to a Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) system, a first message including a request to deploy the relocatable application instance at a target. The method may comprise receiving a second message including an indication to establish communication with the application instance and a Transparent Instance Relocation Session Identifier (TIRSI) and establishing, based on the second message, communication with the relocatable application instance at the target. The method may comprise transmitting a third message including a request for relocation of the application instance to another target.

Abstract: Method and apparatuses for low-latency transmission of sensor data and wireless modem data are described herein. A method may comprise associating, by a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU), a first Unique Data Identifier (UDI) with the sensor data and a second UDI with the wireless modem data. The method may further comprise generating, by the WTRU, a mapping between the first UDI and a first network Quality of Service (QoS) Flow Identifiers (QFIs) and a mapping between the second UDI and a second network QFI. The method may further comprise transmitting, by the WTRU, the sensor data and the wireless modem data to a network node.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for offloading traffic from a third generation partnership project (3GPP) access network to a non-3GPP access point (AP) are disclosed. A 3GPP access network entity may receive subscription information associated with a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU). The 3GPP access network entity may further receive traffic associated with the WTRU. The 3GPP access network entity may further determine whether to offload the traffic to the non-3GPP AP based on the subscription information. The 3GPP access network entity may also forward the traffic to the non-3GPP AP based on its determination.

Abstract: Techniques may be used for restricted direct discovery in proximity services (ProSe). A ProSe function may receive from a discovery wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) a restricted ProSe Application identity (ID) of an application located at the discoverer WTRU requesting ProSe discovery. The ProSe function may derive a first and second ProSe codes for the discoveree WTRU and discoverer WTRU, and provide the ProSe codes to the discoverer and/or discoveree WTRUs. A ProSe application server may receive a revocation message from an announcing WTRU indicating a revoked WTRU. The ProSe application server may provide a ProSe discovery WTRU ID for the revoked WTRU to a ProSe Function. The ProSe function may instruct the announcing WTRU to stop announcing a ProSe code known by the revoked WTRU, and may provide a new ProSe code to at least one WTRU authorized to discover the announcing WTRU.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for protocol data unit (PDU) session management over different access technologies (ATs) are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a first message from a network over a first access technology. The first message may include an indication for the WTRU to reestablish resources for one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions over a second access technology. The WTRU may determine that a PDU session of the one or more PDU sessions is locally deactivated by the WTRU. The WTRU may determine that it is in a limited service state associated with the second access technology. The WTRU may send a second message via the first access technology. The second message may include a PDU session status information element (IE) indicating the PDU session is locally deactivated such that the network releases the PDU session.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) performing a client-side edge resolution function (cERF) are provided. A method may include any of: determining a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) associated with a domain name server (DNS) request of an application associated with the WTRU; if the FQDN is associated with a valid edge instance (EI) record, selecting an EI for resolving the FQDN to an IP address; if the FQDN is not associated with a valid EI record: (1) transmitting a DNS query to a DNS server, (2) receiving an IP address associated with a selected EI to which the FQDN is resolved, and (3) updating the EI record with the IP address and the FQDN; and generating a traffic steering rule to re-direct uplink traffic associated with the application to the selected EI.

Abstract: A method for use in wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) which assesses both a first network and a second network to receive radio frames from each of the first network and the second network is disclosed. The method comprise: obtaining a first paging occasion (PO) as the first network's current PO and a second PO as the second network's current PO; determining whether there is a PO collision between the first PO and the second PO, on condition that there is the PO collision, selecting a network from the first network and the second network, and sending a request to the selected network; receiving, from the selected network, a collision avoidance parameter corresponding to the request; calculating a third PO for the selected network using the collision avoidance parameter, and using the third PO as the selected network's current PO.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods and apparatuses for providing access to a network slice in a communication system. In an embodiment, a network server that implements a Control Plane (CP) Network Function (NF) may receive a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message from a wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU). The NAS message comprises a Mobility Management (MM) message for registration and a Session Management (SM) messages for a specific service provided by the network slice. After selecting the network slice, the network server may transmit the SM message to another CP NF in the network slice to establish a communication link between the WTRU and the network slice.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for multiple radio access technology (multi-RAT) access mode operation for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are disclosed. A WTRU and a network may enable a multi-RAT access mode of operation based on at least one of WTRU subscription, a service agreement of the WTRU, a roaming status of the WTRU, a selected access point name (APN), an Internet protocol (IP) flow class, a subscriber profile identity for the WTRU, requested quality of service, or a proximity indication indicating proximity to a cell supporting multi-RAT access mode. The WTRU may send a capability indication of support of multi-RAT access to a network, wherein the multi-RAT access mode is enabled based on the capability indication. A partial handover of bearers may be performed. In performing the handover, the target cell is determined based on a priority rule.

Abstract: Techniques may be used for restricted direct discovery in proximity services (ProSe). A ProSe function may receive from a discovery wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) a restricted ProSe Application identity (ID) of an application located at the discoverer WTRU requesting ProSe discovery. The ProSe function may derive a first and second ProSe codes for the discoveree WTRU and discoverer WTRU, and provide the ProSe codes to the discoverer and/or discoveree WTRUs. A ProSe application server may receive a revocation message from an announcing WTRU indicating a revoked WTRU. The ProSe application server may provide a ProSe discovery WTRU ID for the revoked WTRU to a ProSe Function. The ProSe function may instruct the announcing WTRU to stop announcing a ProSe code known by the revoked WTRU, and may provide a new ProSe code to at least one WTRU authorized to discover the announcing WTRU.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods and apparatuses for providing access to a network slice in a communication system. In an embodiment, a network server that implements a Control Plane (CP) Network Function (NF) may receive a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message from a wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU). The NAS message comprises a Mobility Management (MM) message for registration and a Session Management (SM) messages for a specific service provided by the network slice. After selecting the network slice, the network server may transmit the SM message to another CP NF in the network slice to establish a communication link between the WTRU and the network slice.