Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for integrally packaging semiconductor IC (integrated circuit) chips and antenna devices which are integrally constructed from package frame structures (e.g., lead frame, package carrier, package core, etc.), to thereby form compact integrated radio/wireless communications systems for millimeter wave applications.

Abstract: Circuits and methods are provided for implementing highly efficient switch-mode power amplifiers using BJTs (bipolar junction transistors) as active switching devices at millimeter-wave frequencies. More specifically, circuits and methods are provided for driving power amplifiers with BJT switching devices to achieve highly efficient switch-mode (e.g., Class E) operation at millimeter wave frequencies (e.g., 60 GHz).

Abstract: Circuits and methods are provided for building integrated transformer-coupled amplifiers with on-chip transformers that are designed to resonate or otherwise tune parasitic capacitances to achieve frequency tuning of amplifiers at millimeter wave operating frequencies.

Abstract: Methods are provided for building integrated circuit transformer devices having compact and optimized architectures for use in MMW (millimeter-wave) applications. The integrated circuit transformer devices have universal and scalable architectures that can be used as templates or building blocks for constructing various types of on-chip devices for millimeter-wave applications.

Abstract: Shielded circuit pad is provided where the parasitic capacitance is tuned out by the inclusion of a shunt transmission line stub which reduces the substrate induced loss in millimeter-wave applications. The circuit pad is located on the substrate, with a shield located beneath the circuit pad, and the shunt transmission line stub attached to the circuit pad. Accordingly, controlled impedance is obtained for millimeter-wave applications. The spacing between the circuit pad and the shield may then be minimized.

Abstract: Antennas are provided which are constructed using one or more wires as radiating elements attached to a substrate or chip, wherein wire bonding methods can be used to attach and form loop profiles for the wires. The antennas can be integrally packaged with IC chips (e.g., IC transceivers, receivers, transmitters, etc.) to build integrated wireless or RF (radio frequency) communications systems.

Abstract: Printed antenna devices are provided, which can operate at RF and microwave frequencies, for example, while simultaneously providing antenna performance characteristics such as high gain/directivity/radiation efficiency, high bandwidth, hemispherical radiation patterns, impedance, etc., that render the antennas suitable for voice communication, data communication or radar applications, for example. Further, apparatus are provided for integrally packaging such printed antenna devices with IC (integrated circuit) chips (e.g., transceiver) to construct IC packages for, e.g., wireless communications applications.

Abstract: An off-chip signal is provided to a differential branch-line directional coupler implemented entirely on-chip. The coupler produces differential quadrature signals, which are then buffered and applied to a quadrature mixer. The coupler is implemented entirely on-chip using microstrip transmission lines. The coupler is made up of a plurality of rings and a plurality of underpasses connecting ports of the rings, wherein each of the plurality of rings is made up of four branch lines, and each branch line having an electrical length of one-quarter wavelength at the center design frequency. Coupling between the plurality of branch lines of the rings may be varied.

Abstract: A pneumatically operable injection device has a first pressure cylinder with a piston which is adapted to be rigidly but detachably connected to a piston of an injection syringe, and a second pressure cylinder with a piston having an extension adapted to co-operate with a three-way cock in such a manner as to cause the three-way cock to be operated by movement of its piston. Flow connections are provided between the outlet of the injection syringe and the three-way cock, between the three-way cock and a connecting piece, and between the three-way cock and an inlet of a reservoir for the substance to be injected. The device is adapted to effect either a connection between the outlet of the injection syringe and the connecting piece or between the syringe outlet and the reservoir. Compressed-air lines are provided for the purpose of pneumatically operating the pistons in the two pressure cylinders.