Abstract: In an illumination incoupling system for an optical viewing device, illumination incoupling is provided simultaneously into main observer beam paths and assistant observer beam paths using two semitransparent and two fully reflective deflection elements arranged crosswise and symmetrically with respect to the optical axis of the main objective. Homogeneous illumination of the specimen field may thereby be achieved for both the main observer and the assistant observer.

Abstract: The invention concerns a transmission device for control of an optical viewing unit, for example a surgical microscope (1), in which control or functional checking for the microscope (1)—such as zoom, focus, working distance, positioning, tilt, pivot, video, etc.—is accomplished by bidirectional (preferably electromagnetic) radiation (8) between a first transmit/receive unit of an electronic control system (3) and a second transmit/receive unit (5) connected to the microscope (1).

Abstract: An optical magnification device for varying the distance between an observer's eye (1) and an object (7), e.g., for a binocular magnifier or a microscope, in which focusing onto the object (7) is accomplished by means of progressive and/or multifocal lenses (3) displaceable perpendicular to the observation beam(s) (2).

Abstract: The invention concerns an ophthalmic surgical microscope (2) that comprises an integrated refractor (20) which determines the optical data of a patient's eye (1) “in situ” during the operation and reports them to the surgeon (29) as necessary.

Abstract: A stand, in particular for surgical microscopes, in which motor-activated balancing adjustment systems provide additional positioning capability in the three spatial axes X, Y, and Z.

Abstract: The invention concerns a light source having an apparatus for measuring the brightness of the illumination system of an optical viewing device, for example a microscope, in which at least one light sensor (3a) for measuring the intensity of the lamp (1) is arranged, for example, next to the optical waveguide (2). That measurement can be passed on to the user (9), either acoustically or visually, via an electronic unit (4) which compares the measurement to a definable threshold value.

Abstract: Stand arrangement, in particular for medical examining and surgical microscopes, having a support foot (1), an upper part (2a), which can be rotated with respect to the support foot (2) about a vertical axis (A), and a boom (3), mounted pivotably thereon, for holding the microscope (9). The lamp housing (11) is arranged on a carrier (10) connected to the boom (3) and thereby serves to balance the stand.

Abstract: The invention concerns a (stereoscopic) surgical microscope having a system for reflecting in illumination in which the illumination beam path (5) is switched into the microscope's main beam path via a deflection element (1) whose diameter exceeds the spacing of the observation beam paths (3). Different illumination angles for the specimen (10) can be generated by means of a stop (8) that is shiftable radially about the axis (5a) of the illumination beam path (5).

Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus for simultaneous zero-degree and oblique illumination for an optical viewing device, in particular a stereoscopic surgical microscope, which contains a shiftable prism combination (3) for deflecting a first illumination sub-beam a long distance from the optical axis (12) of the main objective in order to obtain an oblique illumination beam (9) (oblique illumination), and for deflecting a second illumination sub-beam (8) a short distance from the optical axis (12) of the main objective in order to obtain a zero-degree illumination (8).

Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus for illuminating a viewing field by means of two light sources. The beam paths of the two light sources are guided through a combining flexible light guide, a common flexible light guide, and a separating flexible light guide splitter. One of the two beam paths is directed to the microscope as principal illumination, and the other beam is directed to a handpiece. In addition, at least one of the two light sources can be configured as an interchangeable unit having two individual light sources.

Abstract: A microscope, which may be a stereomicroscope, includes: at least one objective; at least one eyepiece; at least one optical component configured to form a beam path from the objective to the eyepiece, where each optical component includes a lens, mirror, or deflection prism; and a tube configured to enclose a portion of the beam path, including at least one region of modifiable length configured to connect to at least one optical correction element and configured so that the optical correction element may be inserted into or removed from the portion of the beam path. The microscope may include a linkage between the tube and the correction lens configured to pivot or slide the correction lens as a function of a length of the region of modifiable length.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stereomicroscope (1) with a main body (3) and wit an interface device (2) which is connected to the main body (3) and/or to an accessory (4), either permanently or in a manner that does not permit easy removal, and the interface device (2) permits the rotation of the accessory (4) relative to the main body (3) in the manner of a pivot bearing (5).

Abstract: Stand arrangement, in particular for medical examining and surgical microscopes, having a support foot (1), an upper part (2a), which can be rotated with respect to the support foot (2) about a vertical axis (A), and a boom (3), mounted pivotably thereon, for holding the microscope (9). The lamp housing (11) is arranged on a carrier (10) connected to the boom (3) and thereby serves to balance the stand.

Abstract: The invention concerns an illumination device having a stop (8) for a surgical microscope, whose stop (8) is capable of covering a partial light flux of the illumination system, the coverage not being accomplished completely as a result of the particular configuration of the stop.

Abstract: The invention concerns a microscope having an illumination beam path, in which a darkening of the illumination on the subject (21) is achieved by removing, or changing the position of, an optical component.

Abstract: For optimizing the perception of the red reflex in eye operations, deflecting elements are arranged in the illuminating beam path in the illuminating device of an operation microscope with optically-mechanically coupled observer and co-observer tubes. The deflected illuminating beam pencils overlap, at least partially, the main observer observation beam paths and at least one of the co-observer observation beam paths.

Abstract: The process for preparing an aqueous alkaline solution containing a peroxide and/or percarbonate includes providing an electrochemical cell comprising a porous oxygen diffusion cathode including a carbon woven or nonwoven fabric, a gas diffusion anode containing a carbon woven or nonwoven fabric and fed gaseous hydrogen or an anode including a metal grid coated with a noble metal catalyst and coated on a side facing the cathode with a proton-permeable membrane acting as a solid polymer electrolyte, an electrolyte-containing chamber between the cathode and the anode containing an electrolyte and a direct current source connected across the anode and cathode; feeding an aqueous feed solution containing at least one alkali hydroxide and/or alkali carbonate in a concentration of from 30 to 180 g/l into the electrolyte-containing chamber to provide the electrolyte; supplying an oxygen-containing gas containing molecular oxygen to the carbon woven or nonwoven fabric of the cathode; operating the direct current sour

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing an organic acid and/or its salts from a solution obtained through fermentation. In this process, a pure carbohydrate-containing raw material is used. The acid-containing solution prepared by means of fermentation is supplied to a cell separation, and the acid-containing permeate is supplied to a protein precipitation, where it is mixed with a silicon-containing precipitant at temperatures between 2.degree. and 70.degree. C. The solution thus obtained is supplied to a protein separation, and the acid-containing permeate is concentrated and then supplied to a single- or multi-stage crystallization or a granulation.

Abstract: The process of making an aqueous alkaline solution containing alkali hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide and having an alkali hydroxide/H.sub.2 O.sub.2 molar ratio of 0.5 to 2.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a stereoscopic endoscope wherein an intermediate image is generated in a rod-shaped endoscope attachment. The intermediate image is imaged into the focal plane of an objective. The objective can be the main objective of a surgical microscope with the objective having a long focal length or the main objective of a stereoscopic recording system. The main objective and an in-coupling optic conjointly define an inverted telescope.