Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode arrangement for the electrophysiologic analysis of biological cells and the like. The electrode arrangement comprises a contact area for contacting the electrode arrangement with a biological cell or the like as well as a terminal area for an external, electric contacting of the electrode arrangement. The contact area is formed with one or a plurality of electrode spike(s) which extend from the terminal area and comprise a geometrical shape which, in operation, allows an otherwise none-destructive penetration into a biological cell or the like through the membrane thereof into the interior thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a semiconductor memory, and to a measuring method for a semiconductor memory. In one case, the method includes connecting a memory cell to a ring oscillator and measuring the frequency resulting for said ring oscillator.

Abstract: The invention relates to sample supports and methods for cryoconservation, especially the cryoconservation of biological materials, comprising at least one sample reservoir used to receive a biological sample. A support body is disposed in the sample reservoir, made of a material having a volume structure, consisting of a plurality of open, inner cavities which can be filled with the sample. The invention also relates to the use of motor vehicle catalyst-structure or biomorphic ceramics for producing support bodies used to receive samples for cryoconservation.

Abstract: Described is a method for method for transferring material through the membrane of at least one cell, wherein the transfer is carried out in the presence of trehalose. This method is applicable in particular in the field of genetic engineering and biotechnology.

Abstract: Described are methods for electrical treatment of biological cells, in particular using electrical field pulses, involving the steps: arrangement of the cells (1) on apertures (2) of a solid planar carrier element (3) which divides a measuring chamber (10) into two compartments (11, 12); and temporary formation of an electrical treatment field which permeates the cells, wherein an alternating-current impedance measurement takes place on the carrier element (3), and from the result of the alternating-current impedance measurement, a degree of coverage of the carrier element and/or healing of the cells after electrical treatment are/is acquired. Also described are devices for implementing the methods.

Abstract: A DRAM semiconductor memory device with increased reading accuracy and a method for increasing the reading accuracy of a DRAM memory cell are provided. First and second bit lines are connected to a sense amplifier and are connected in each case to a further memory cell. The gates of the further memory cells are driven via a driving circuit device. An equalization voltage of the two bit lines is influenced in the event of a precharge operation, and a capacitive disequilibrium is avoided at inputs of a sense amplifier due to the voltages on the bit lines in the event of reading the memory cell.

Abstract: Described are methods for electrical treatment of biological cells, in particular using electrical field pulses, involving the steps: arrangement of the cells (1) on apertures (2) of a solid planar carrier element (3) which divides a measuring chamber (10) into two compartments (11, 12); and temporary formation of an electrical treatment field which permeates the cells, wherein an alternating-current impedance measurement takes place on the carrier element (3), and from the result of the alternating-current impedance measurement, a degree of coverage of the carrier element and/or healing of the cells after electrical treatment are/is acquired. Also described are devices for implementing the methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to a semiconductor memory, and to a measuring method for a semiconductor memory. In one case, the method includes connecting a memory cell to a ring oscillator and measuring the frequency resulting for said ring oscillator.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor memory device is described. An insulating layer is disposed on a semiconductor substrate. A matrix of semiconductor memory elements is disposed in the substrate. The semiconductor memory elements include a plurality of contact holes formed in the insulating layer. One contact hole is formed in the insulating layer for each of the semiconductor memory elements. A bit definition region is disposed in the semiconductor substrate underneath each of the contact holes. A contact plug is disposed in each of the contact holes and is in electrical contact with the bit definition region. The bit definition region is configured such that a contact resistance between the semiconductor substrate and the contact plug defines a bit to be stored in the semiconductor memory elements, An evaluation circuit is connected to and evaluates the contact resistance of the semiconductor memory elements.

Abstract: A DRAM semiconductor memory device with increased reading accuracy and a method for increasing the reading accuracy of a DRAM memory cell are provided. First and second bit lines are connected to a sense amplifier and are connected in each case to a further memory cell. The gates of the further memory cells are driven via a driving circuit device. An equalization voltage of the two bit lines is influenced in the event of a precharge operation, and a capacitive disequilibrium is avoided at inputs of a sense amplifier due to the voltages on the bit lines in the event of reading the memory cell.

Abstract: A method is described for treating biological cells and/or their cell components with electrical fields in a reaction medium, in which an inhibitor is added to the reaction medium to counteract the action of enzymes that break down protein.

Abstract: A device for producing a crosslinked substance, e.g., of crosslinked microcapsules (1) of a crosslinkable capsule substance, in particular crosslinked alginates, is described, having a first dispensing device (2) for dispensing a jet of the crosslinkable capsule substance and a crosslinking device for applying a crosslinking agent to the capsule substance, whereby the crosslinking device has a second dispensing device (5) which directs a jet (9, 13) of the crosslinking agent at the jet or at a layer of the capsule substance.

Abstract: The invention relates to sample supports and methods for cryoconservation, especially the cryoconservation of biological materials, comprising at least one sample reservoir used to receive a biological sample. A support body is disposed in the sample reservoir, made of a material having a volume structure, consisting of a plurality of open, inner cavities which can be filled with the sample. The invention also relates to the use of motor vehicle catalyst-structure or biomorphic ceramics for producing support bodies used to receive samples for cryoconservation.

Abstract: A current measurement circuit and method for testing a semiconductor device is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a semiconductor integrated circuit device including a voltage regulating circuit, the voltage regulating circuit being activated as needed to maintain a required voltage level; monitoring the voltage regulating circuit to determine a number of times it is activated during a sample period; and comparing the number of activations to a predetermined limit whereby if the number of activations exceeds the predetermined limit the semiconductor device is defective. The current measurement circuit includes an external clock for providing a clock signal; a first counter for counting when the voltage regulating circuit is activated; a second counter for counting clock cycles of a sample period; and a register for storing the number of activations, wherein the number of activations represents a relative current consumption value of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A current measurement circuit and method for testing a semiconductor device is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a semiconductor integrated circuit device including a voltage regulating circuit, the voltage regulating circuit being activated as needed to maintain a required voltage level; monitoring the voltage regulating circuit to determine a number of times it is activated during a sample period; and comparing the number of activations to a predetermined limit whereby if the number of activations exceeds the predetermined limit the semiconductor device is defective. The current measurement circuit includes an external clock for providing a clock signal; a first counter for counting when the voltage regulating circuit is activated; a second counter for counting clock cycles of a sample period; and a register for storing the number of activations, wherein the number of activations represents a relative current consumption value of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A method of modifying antigen-presenting cells is described, in which antigens of diseased cells or their cell components are transferred to the antigen-presenting cells, the antigen-presenting cells being brought into contact with the diseased cells or their cell components on a solid-phase substrate or in a suspension through introduction into a shared suspension and exertion of external forces, membrane components having antigens without cell nuclei of the diseased cells or their cell components being transferred to the antigen-presenting cells and subsequently a separation of the modified cells from the solid-phase substrate or from the suspension being performed.

Abstract: A method is described of treating the surface of antigen-presenting cells before modification with antigens from diseased cells. In this method the antigen-presenting cells or components thereof are exposed to the effect of proteases, after which the proteases are removed.

Abstract: Described are methods for electrical treatment of biological cells, in particular using electrical field pulses, involving the steps: arrangement of the cells (1) on apertures (2) of a solid planar carrier element (3) which divides a measuring chamber (10) into two compartments (11, 12) ; and temporary formation of an electrical treatment field which permeates the cells, wherein an alternating-current impedance measurement takes place on the carrier element (3), and from the result of the alternating-current impedance measurement, a degree of coverage of the carrier element and/or healing of the cells after electrical treatment are/is acquired. Also described are devices for implementing the methods.

Abstract: Described is a method for method for transferring material through the membrane of at least one cell, wherein the transfer is carried out in the presence of trehalose. This method is applicable in particular in the field of genetic engineering and biotechnology.

Abstract: A method is described for treating biological cells and/or their cell components with electrical fields in a reaction medium, in which an inhibitor is added to the reaction medium to counteract the action of enzymes that break down protein.