Abstract: Methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems directed to network energy aware channel state information feedback for multi-transmit/receive point (TRP) transmissions are described herein. In an embodiment, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include receiving network configuration information for coherent joint transmission. The method may include determining a set of constrained precoding matrices for coherent joint transmission satisfying any of (i) a first constraint associated with a nominal number of TRPs, (ii) a second constraint associated with a nominal number of antenna panels and (iii) a third constraint associated with a nominal number of spatial beams per layer. The method may include selecting a constrained precoding matrix from the set of constrained precoding matrices based on a performance loss associated with the constrained precoding matrix satisfying a performance loss constraint.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are disclosed and described. Based on configuration information (CI) received by a wireless transmit-receive unit (WTRU), the WTRU receives an SSB of the first type, and based on the CI and on information comprised in the SSB of the first type, an SSB of the second type. The WTRU may determine a search space (SS) for receiving PDCCH based on a PDCCH configuration indicated in the SSB of the second type. The WTRU may determine a periodicity of the SS for receiving PDCCH associated with a target SI. The WTRU may receive the PDCCH associated with the target SI in the SS according to the determined periodicity of the SS, wherein the target SI is received in a PDSCH accompanying the PDCCH; and transmit an indication to the network using resources indicated in the target SI.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for on-demand transmit/receive point, TRP, wake-up for multi-TRP transmissions. A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, measures reference signals, RSs, received from, TRPs, in a first set of TRPs to obtain first measurements, measures RSs received from TRPs in a second set of TRPs to obtain second measurements, evaluates a wake-up condition based upon a measured RS in a subset of the first measurements and a measured RS in the second measurements, and, on condition that the wake-up condition is satisfied, transmits to the network a wake-up signal, the wake-up signal requesting the TRP having transmitted the strongest measured RS in the second measurements to wake up.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products related to wake up signal transmission for energy efficient synchrnoziation signal block (SSB) signals and/or patterns. A method may include a wireless transmit/receie unit (WTRU) receiving a first type of SSB signal(s) (e.g., SSB-a signals) that may include or indicate synchronization signal(s) and/or light physical broadcast channel (PBCH), transmitting a wake-up signal (WUS) indication using resources provided in the light PBCH of the first type of SSB signal(s) to request a second type of on-demand SSB signal(s) (e.g., on demand SSB-b signals), determining the candidate time and/or frequency locations for receiving the second type of on-demand SSB signal(s) based on the information in the light PBCH and/or information included in a WUS response indication received from the network.

Abstract: A WTRU monitors a sidelink (SL) channel for communicating with a second WTRU in unlicensed SL mode-1 and collects SL assistance information relating to the SL channel. The WTRU transmits to a base station, over an unlicensed Uu band, one or more of a SL scheduling request (SR) or a SL buffer status report (BSR) and the SL channel assistance information. The WTRU receives downlink control information (DCI) from the base station indicating SL resource scheduling, performs listen-before-talk (LBT) on the SL channel associated with the indicated SL resource scheduling and sends a transmission: (1) to the base station, on a condition LBT is unsuccessful, at least one of indication of LBT failure or a request for new SL resource scheduling; or (2) to the second WTRU, on a condition LBT is successful, SL data using the indicated SL resource scheduling. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and instrumentalities associated with initial access procedure assistance information. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a network node, a grant of an uplink resource. The WTRU may determine assistance information associated with a downlink transmission. The assistance information may include one or more of: an indication of a capability of the WTRU to receive a repetition of the downlink transmission, an indication of a number of repetitions of the downlink transmission, an indication that the WTRU satisfies a condition, an indication of a downlink measurement, or an indication of location information associated with the WTRU. The WTRU may send, to the network node, an uplink transmission via the uplink resource. The uplink transmission may indicate the assistance information. The uplink transmission may be associated with an initial access procedure. The WTRU may receive the downlink transmission from the network node.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to detect a cell based on reception of one or more synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel blocks (SSBs). The WTRU may receive a payload from the one or more SSBs. The payload may include information indicating a first set of SSB parameters. The WTRU may receive a physical downlink control channel transmission including information indicating a second set of SSB parameters. The WTRU may determine a set of SSB bursts based on the first set of SSB parameters, the second set of SSB parameters, and time domain locations of SSBs of the set of SSB bursts. The WTRU may measure one or more SSBs in the determined set of SSB bursts. The WTRU may send, to the cell, an indication using a transmit power and/or a beam that is associated with an SSB of the measured one or more SSBs.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method, implemented in a WTRU, comprises: receiving a first message comprising first information indicating an uplink resources configuration for early data transmission procedure, the uplink resources configuration including early data transmission uplink resources, and a resources configuration for allocation of slots for data packet replica transmission; selecting a set of uplink resources of the uplink resources for uplink transmission, including a set of slots for uplink transmission replicas; transmitting using the selected set of uplink resources an uplink message comprising second information indicating an expectation for a RRC response message from the network; monitoring for a downlink message from the network; receiving the downlink message comprising an indication on an early termination of the uplink message transmission; determining if the early data transmission procedure is terminated; and on condition that the early data transmission procedure is determined as not terminat

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and instrumentalities associated with constellation schemes. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a message from a network device, wherein the message may indicate at least an uplink grant, a first set of modulation parameters, and a second set of modulation parameters. The WTRU may determine that a first media data unit and a second media data unit are to be transmitted to the network device. If the first media data unit differs from the second media data unit with respect to at least a transmission priority, the WTRU may modulate the first media data unit using the first set of modulation parameters, modulate the second media data unit using the second set of modulation parameters, and transmit the first modulated media data unit and the second modulated media data unit to the network device using respective subsets of the uplink grant.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products related to multi-radio spectrum sharing (MRSS) cell access are described.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein for enabling beam hopping for satellite beams. For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a synchronization signal block (SSB) using a non-terrestrial network (NTN) beam. The WTRU may receive at least one of a system information block (SIB) or a beam hopping SIB (BH-SIB). The SIB may include information associated with a set of discontinuous transmission (DTx)/discontinuous reception (DRx) configurations. The BH-SIB may indicate the set of DTx/DRx configurations. A DTx/DRx configuration from the set of DTx/DRx configurations may be associated with one or more NTN beams. The WTRU may determine the set of DTx/DRx configurations based on at least one of the SIB or the BH-SIB. The WTRU may determine an active beam DTx/DRx configuration from the set of DTx/DRx configurations. The WTRU may monitor for a downlink signal during an active time associated with the active beam DTx/DRx configuration.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and instrumentalities are described herein for downlink-coverage enhancements (DL-CE) capability-based cell selection or cell reselection. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive system information including absolute priority information associated with non-terrestrial network (NTN) and downlink-coverage enhancements (DL-CE) capabilities. In examples, the WTRU may determine to use the absolute priority information for the WTRU based on the absolute priority information being associated with the NTN and DL-CE capabilities if the WTRU supports those capabilities. The absolute priority information may include a first absolute priority value associated with a first frequency and a second absolute priority value associated with a second frequency.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein related to non-terrestrial network (NTN)-terrestrial network (TN) connected mode mobility in energy saving networks. A device (e.g., wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)) may perform actions to avoid radio link failures and/or perform connected mode mobility, for example, if cells (e.g., NTN and/or TN) cells are employing energy saving mechanisms. The device may determine and/or wake up suitable cells, for example, if a serving cell is not suitable. The serving cell and a target cell may use different energy saving mechanisms. The device may provide assistance information to a network. The network may wake up suitable cells for the device to monitor and perform mobility.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be associated with early data transmission in enhanced coverage using diversity slotted aloha in non-terrestrial networks. A device may be configured to receive broadcast configuration information. The broadcast configuration information may include a first condition and a second condition. A first coverage level may be determined based on whether the first condition is satisfied. A random-access configuration associated with the first coverage level may be selected based on the broadcast configuration information and based on whether the second condition is satisfied. Based on a determination that the random-access configuration enables a preamble-less early data transmission (EDT), the WTRU may determine at least at one physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource allocation parameter. The random-access configuration and the PUSCH at least one resource allocation parameter may be transmitted using the preamble-less EDT.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for faster beam switching in a wireless network. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information including QCL relation information for TCI states. The WTRU may receive beam switching information indicating a first replacement RS beam is associated with a first variable RS beam. The WTRU may determine measurements using the first source RS beam which is associated with a set of RS beams, including the first variable RS beam, as a QCL source for a TCI state according to the QCL relation information. The WTRU may determine measurements using the first replacement RS beam. The WTRU may send, in response to the beam switching information, information indicating that the TCI state is updated to be associated with the first replacement RS beam as the QCL source for the first set of variable RS beams based on the measurements.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method implemented in a WTRU comprises receiving, from a source cell, a first message comprising information indicating a configuration including resources for measurement on RSs of the source and of a target cells; wherein resources for measurement on RSs contain a timing reference; receiving RSs from the source and from the target cells; performing a time difference measurement between source cell RSs and target cell RSs; on condition that the measured time difference is within a threshold amount from zero: transmitting, to the source cell, a second message comprising information indicating the measured time difference between the source and the target cell RSs; receiving, from the source cell, a third message comprising information indicating downlink scheduling resources on the target cell; and receiving, from the target cell, a fourth message comprising information indicating release of configuration associated with the source cell.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for network access in a wireless communications system using common signaling, such as synchronization signals, for multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs). A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, performs a cell search in the system, obtains first information indicative of whether spectrum sharing is configured in a cell discovered in the cell search and of available radio access technologies, RATs, in the discovered cell, in case the first information indicates that spectrum sharing is configured in the discovered cell, determines which of the of available RATs to access, obtains access configuration parameters for the determined RAT to access, and performs, using the access configuration parameters, a random-access procedure to access the RAT.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for reporting (e.g., buffer status reporting or power headroom reporting) in energy saving networks are described. One method may include receiving cell configuration information indicating a first cell group and a second cell group, determining that at least the first cell group is in an active network energy saving (NES) state, receiving reporting configuration information associated with WTRU status reporting during a NES state, applying the reporting configuration information associated with WTRU status reporting during the NES state for the first cell group that is in the active network energy saving state. If the first cell group that is in the active NES state will be transitioning from the active NES state to a non-active or non-NES state, the method may include triggering a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) transmission associated with WTRU status reporting.

Abstract: In one method, a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) receives a SSB and/or one or more SIBs through a wide beam from a non-terrestrial network (NTN) satellite. The decoded SIBs may provide a set of reference locations for narrow beams and several RACH configurations (or SSB-to-RACH occasion (RO) mappings) for narrow beams provided against reference timings and satellite location. The WTRU determines a suitable RACH resource based upon one or more of (i) WTRU location, (ii) reference locations for narrow beams, (iii) current time, (iii) reference timings for RACH configurations (or SSB-RO mappings) and (iv) satellite location. The WTRU transmits RACH over the determined RACH resource. In some embodiments the SIBs are received in a narrow beam based on SSB MIB information.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products implemented by a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) comprises: receiving first information indicating a network coverage ensemble area; receiving second information indicating a set of candidate beams and a configuration associated with the set of candidate beams; performing first local sensor measurements; selecting a subset of candidate beams from the set of candidate beams based on the first local sensor measurements and the network coverage ensemble area, responsive to a detection of a beam failure; performing, for each candidate beams, second local sensor measurements and radio measurements; selecting a candidate beam based on criteria associated with the second local sensor measurements and with the radio measurements; determining at least one random access channel (RACH) parameter for the selected candidate beam; and sending RACH transmission on the selected candidate beam using the at least one RACH par