Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products related to multi-radio spectrum sharing (MRSS) cell access are described.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein for enabling beam hopping for satellite beams. For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a synchronization signal block (SSB) using a non-terrestrial network (NTN) beam. The WTRU may receive at least one of a system information block (SIB) or a beam hopping SIB (BH-SIB). The SIB may include information associated with a set of discontinuous transmission (DTx)/discontinuous reception (DRx) configurations. The BH-SIB may indicate the set of DTx/DRx configurations. A DTx/DRx configuration from the set of DTx/DRx configurations may be associated with one or more NTN beams. The WTRU may determine the set of DTx/DRx configurations based on at least one of the SIB or the BH-SIB. The WTRU may determine an active beam DTx/DRx configuration from the set of DTx/DRx configurations. The WTRU may monitor for a downlink signal during an active time associated with the active beam DTx/DRx configuration.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices, and instrumentalities are described herein for downlink-coverage enhancements (DL-CE) capability-based cell selection or cell reselection. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive system information including absolute priority information associated with non-terrestrial network (NTN) and downlink-coverage enhancements (DL-CE) capabilities. In examples, the WTRU may determine to use the absolute priority information for the WTRU based on the absolute priority information being associated with the NTN and DL-CE capabilities if the WTRU supports those capabilities. The absolute priority information may include a first absolute priority value associated with a first frequency and a second absolute priority value associated with a second frequency.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein related to non-terrestrial network (NTN)-terrestrial network (TN) connected mode mobility in energy saving networks. A device (e.g., wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)) may perform actions to avoid radio link failures and/or perform connected mode mobility, for example, if cells (e.g., NTN and/or TN) cells are employing energy saving mechanisms. The device may determine and/or wake up suitable cells, for example, if a serving cell is not suitable. The serving cell and a target cell may use different energy saving mechanisms. The device may provide assistance information to a network. The network may wake up suitable cells for the device to monitor and perform mobility.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be associated with early data transmission in enhanced coverage using diversity slotted aloha in non-terrestrial networks. A device may be configured to receive broadcast configuration information. The broadcast configuration information may include a first condition and a second condition. A first coverage level may be determined based on whether the first condition is satisfied. A random-access configuration associated with the first coverage level may be selected based on the broadcast configuration information and based on whether the second condition is satisfied. Based on a determination that the random-access configuration enables a preamble-less early data transmission (EDT), the WTRU may determine at least at one physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource allocation parameter. The random-access configuration and the PUSCH at least one resource allocation parameter may be transmitted using the preamble-less EDT.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for faster beam switching in a wireless network. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information including QCL relation information for TCI states. The WTRU may receive beam switching information indicating a first replacement RS beam is associated with a first variable RS beam. The WTRU may determine measurements using the first source RS beam which is associated with a set of RS beams, including the first variable RS beam, as a QCL source for a TCI state according to the QCL relation information. The WTRU may determine measurements using the first replacement RS beam. The WTRU may send, in response to the beam switching information, information indicating that the TCI state is updated to be associated with the first replacement RS beam as the QCL source for the first set of variable RS beams based on the measurements.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method implemented in a WTRU comprises receiving, from a source cell, a first message comprising information indicating a configuration including resources for measurement on RSs of the source and of a target cells; wherein resources for measurement on RSs contain a timing reference; receiving RSs from the source and from the target cells; performing a time difference measurement between source cell RSs and target cell RSs; on condition that the measured time difference is within a threshold amount from zero: transmitting, to the source cell, a second message comprising information indicating the measured time difference between the source and the target cell RSs; receiving, from the source cell, a third message comprising information indicating downlink scheduling resources on the target cell; and receiving, from the target cell, a fourth message comprising information indicating release of configuration associated with the source cell.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for network access in a wireless communications system using common signaling, such as synchronization signals, for multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs). A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, performs a cell search in the system, obtains first information indicative of whether spectrum sharing is configured in a cell discovered in the cell search and of available radio access technologies, RATs, in the discovered cell, in case the first information indicates that spectrum sharing is configured in the discovered cell, determines which of the of available RATs to access, obtains access configuration parameters for the determined RAT to access, and performs, using the access configuration parameters, a random-access procedure to access the RAT.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for reporting (e.g., buffer status reporting or power headroom reporting) in energy saving networks are described. One method may include receiving cell configuration information indicating a first cell group and a second cell group, determining that at least the first cell group is in an active network energy saving (NES) state, receiving reporting configuration information associated with WTRU status reporting during a NES state, applying the reporting configuration information associated with WTRU status reporting during the NES state for the first cell group that is in the active network energy saving state. If the first cell group that is in the active NES state will be transitioning from the active NES state to a non-active or non-NES state, the method may include triggering a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) transmission associated with WTRU status reporting.

Abstract: In one method, a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) receives a SSB and/or one or more SIBs through a wide beam from a non-terrestrial network (NTN) satellite. The decoded SIBs may provide a set of reference locations for narrow beams and several RACH configurations (or SSB-to-RACH occasion (RO) mappings) for narrow beams provided against reference timings and satellite location. The WTRU determines a suitable RACH resource based upon one or more of (i) WTRU location, (ii) reference locations for narrow beams, (iii) current time, (iii) reference timings for RACH configurations (or SSB-RO mappings) and (iv) satellite location. The WTRU transmits RACH over the determined RACH resource. In some embodiments the SIBs are received in a narrow beam based on SSB MIB information.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products implemented by a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) comprises: receiving first information indicating a network coverage ensemble area; receiving second information indicating a set of candidate beams and a configuration associated with the set of candidate beams; performing first local sensor measurements; selecting a subset of candidate beams from the set of candidate beams based on the first local sensor measurements and the network coverage ensemble area, responsive to a detection of a beam failure; performing, for each candidate beams, second local sensor measurements and radio measurements; selecting a candidate beam based on criteria associated with the second local sensor measurements and with the radio measurements; determining at least one random access channel (RACH) parameter for the selected candidate beam; and sending RACH transmission on the selected candidate beam using the at least one RACH par

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to report to a network the WTRU capability for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) decoding including supported number of discrete fourier transform (DFT) modules and sizes and receive from the network a PDCCH configuration as a search space and control resource set (CORESET) configurations having a spreading factor or an orthogonal code length, a number of frequency resource groups (FRGs) and associated sizes, an indication of code domain multiplexing, and a CORESET format. The WTRU determines resource groups (RG) size and a number of RGs per control channel elements (CCE) based on configured spreading factor and FRG size, and determines an association between RGs and orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) per FRG and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol based on, among other things, the configured spreading factor.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed to channel access with channel occupancy time (COT) sharing are described herein. A method implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes transmitting, to a base station, first scheduling information associated with a SL transmission to be transmitted to another WTRU in unlicensed spectrum. The method includes receiving, from the base station, second scheduling information indicating a scheduling of the SL transmission and a shared COT, wherein the shared COT may be shared between any of uplink, downlink and sidelink transmissions. The method includes determining that the SL transmission is scheduled in the shared COT. The method includes transmitting the SL transmission to the other WTRU with no listen before talk (LBT) or with a shorter LBT than a full LBT based on the determining that the SL transmission may be scheduled in the shared channel occupancy time.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, and instrumentalities associated with wireless communications using single carrier waveforms. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) as described herein may receive configuration information that may indicate a control channel element (CCE) and a plurality of resource groups associated with the CCE. Each resource group may include a respective time resource element (TRE) and a respective frequency resource group (FRG), wherein each respective TRE may include a non-integer number of time units, and each respective FRG may include multiple frequency units. The WTRU may determine that the CCE may be associated with a downlink control channel transmission, and further determine allocation pattern information associated with the resource groups in a search space.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may send assistance information to a network element. The assistance information may indicate that the WTRU can use sensor data for mobility. The WTRU may receive conditional PSCell change (CPC) configuration information, for example from the network element. The CPC configuration information may include one or more of a CPC candidate for device mobility, a CPC candidate for external mobility, and/or a trigger for performing CPC based on the assistance information. The WTRU may perform a CPC, for example based on a cell quality of a serving cell being below a threshold. The WTRU may determine whether to use the CPC candidate for device mobility and/or the CPC candidate for external mobility based on the sensor data and the trigger, for example to perform the CPC.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for faster beam switching in a wireless network. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information including QCL relation information for TCI states. The WTRU may receive beam switching information indicating a first replacement RS beam is associated with a first variable RS beam. The WTRU may determine measurements using the first source RS beam which is associated with a set of RS beams, including the first variable RS beam, as a QCL source for a TCI state according to the QCL relation information. The WTRU may determine measurements using the first replacement RS beam. The WTRU may send, in response to the beam switching information, information indicating that the TCI state is updated to be associated with the first replacement RS beam as the QCL source for the first set of variable RS beams based on the measurements.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products relating or directed to a WTRU performing or determining to perform a mobility event, such as cell switch, handover or reselection, to a network energy savings (NES) cell based on information received from a serving cell on the beams of a first reference signal (RS) configuration and a second RS configuration associated with the NES cell.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein related to cooperative user detection in non-terrestrial networks. For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be provided for cooperative user detection. A configuration may be received. The configuration may comprise configuration information associated with cooperative user detection in a non-terrestrial network. The configuration information may indicate a detection duration value and a reference signal. A notification may be received. The notification may indicate that the WTRU is to monitor the reference signal. A duration timer may be started. The duration of the duration timer may be set to the detection duration value. A measurement of the reference signal may be determined before the expiration of the duration timer. It may be determined that the WTRU is a cooperative user on a condition that the measurement exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: A device (e.g., a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)) may support an uplink notification channel. The device may receive a release message to operate in at least one of the idle or the inactive mode. The device may, while operating in the at least one of an idle or an inactive mode, monitor a paging channel for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). In response to a PDCCH detection failure on the paging channel, the device may determine to switch to an uplink notification channel. The device may identify uplink notification channel configuration information, and may transmit on the uplink notification channel based on the uplink notification channel configuration information. The device may send an indication on the uplink notification channel to indicate that the WTRU is no longer reachable on a paging channel and is switching to monitor on a downlink notification channel.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are configured for NTN-TN idle mode mobility for network energy savings. A WTRU may receive configuration information for a first and second candidate NTN cell, each associated with different orbit types and power sharing statuses. The WTRU may receive a message to perform suitability determinations for these cells, conduct measurements, and determine if the first cell satisfies suitability conditions based on its power sharing status, orbit type, and measurement. Additionally, the WTRU may receive a second message from a TN cell indicating a shutdown, prompting the exclusion of these TN cells from re-selection.