Abstract: The invention relates to the improvement of in-situ hybridization with nucleic acids and to the shortening of the hybridization method. According to this invention, the method for the hybridization of nucleic acids is carried out under the influence of microwaves at a hybridization temperature of up to a maximum of 37° C. Said invention is used, for example, for marking and evaluating nucleic acids probes.

Abstract: Homopolymers suitable for storage of information provided optically are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the detection of chromosomal aberrations using e.g. a high resolution multicolor-banding (MCB) technology.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the detection of chromosomal aberrations using e.g. a high resolution multicolor-banding (MCB) technology.

Abstract: Disclosed are monomers which contain groups that are at least trinuclear, which are capable of absorbing the electromagnetic radiation of visible light, and which are structured such that in their thermodynamically stable state they are distended and strongly anisometric. Homopolymers prepared from such monomers, a process of preparing such homopolymers, and articles comprising such homopolymers are also disclosed. The trinuclear groups of the monomers include at least one electron-attracting substituent which gives rise to a dipole moment which forms an angle of at least 20° with the longitudinal axis of the trinuclear groups.

Abstract: Homopolymers suitable for storage of information provided optically are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention describes an electrochromic display element in the form of an electrically dimmable mirror, an optical filter having an electrically alterable transparency or a display element which contains an electrochromic liquid between two electrode sheets, where at least one of the electrode sheets is transparent and has a transparent, electrically conductive layer and the transparent electrode sheet has a pattern of strips or grid made of a material having metallic conductivity in order to produce a uniform coloration of the electrochromic liquid.

Abstract: Electrochromic display device comprising a pair of glass or plastic plates or plastic films of which at least one plate or film or both plates or films is/are provided on one side each with an electrically conducting coating. At least one plate or film and its conductive coating is transparent. On at least one of the two plates or films, the electrically conductive layer is divided into separate segments which are individually connected to a power source and each has an electric lead from the edge of the device. The plates or films are joined via a sealing ring on the sides on which they are conductively coated. The volume formed by the two plates or films and the sealing ring is filled with an electrochromic medium. The electric leads to the segments are electrically insulated from the electrochromic medium.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical method which permits, with the aid of 6 simple measurements, a conclusion regarding the suitability of antennas (groups which can absorb electromagnetic radiation) for incorporation into photoaddressable polymers.

Abstract: Electrochromic systems containing soluble electrochromic polymers which are accessible by polymerization, polycondensation or polyaddition from electrochromic monomers are used in devices for variable transparency to electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Homopolymers suitable for storage of information provided optically are disclosed.

Abstract: A homopolymer formed from monomers which contain groupings which are at least trinuclear, which are capable of absorbing the electromagnetic radiation of visible light, and which are structured so that in their thermodynamically stable state they are distended and strongly anisometric, is disclosed. The trinuclear groups of the homopolymer include at least one electron-attracting substituent which gives rise to a dipole moment which forms an angle of at least 20° with the longitudinal axis of the trinuclear groups. The homopolymer contains covalently bonded side groups branching from the backbone represented by the following formula, —§—T—Q—E. In the formula: § represents one of oxygen, sulphur and NR1; T represents a (CH2)n radical, optionally interrupted by, for example, —O—; Q represents a divalent linking group; and E represents the trinuclear group, e.g.

Abstract: Disclosed is an extremely rapidly photo-addressable storage media from inherently slow photo-addressable polymers by irradiating a substrate over a large area with a light source suitable for conventional inscription so that an optical anisotropy, i.e. a double refraction with a preferential direction in the plane of the substrate occurs. If the substrates so prepared are briefly intensively irradiated, the pattern is inscribed extremely rapidly and permanently. The invention also relates to novel side-chain polymers in which high optical anisotropy can be generated by irradiation. This optical anisotropy is very heat stable.

Abstract: Liquid crystal displays in which the phase compensation layer comprises an amorphous optically anisotropic polymer, the optical anisotropy being written in, by irradiation with polarized light, in the pre-selected manner according to size and direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to substrates bearing visible information that is secure against unauthorized copying obtained by applying information in the form of combinations of at least one emitting colorant and at least one reflecting colorant that are selected to exhibit similar or identical hues when viewed, with no cognizance being taken of fluorescence, and are applied in such a manner that their color fields touch, wherein the color loci of the two colorants correspond to one of the trichromatic colors yellow, magenta, or cyan and the reflecting colorant is an organic or inorganic pigment.

Abstract: In the novel electrochromic system comprising at least one oxidizable substance RED1 and at least one reducible substance OX2, each of which, accompanied by an increase in the absorbance in the visible region of the spectrum, is converted from a weakly colored or colorless form into a colored form wherein the reciprocal conversion of oxidized and reducible form takes place by a &sgr; bond being broken or formed, respectively.

Abstract: The novel electrochromic system comprises at least one reducible and at least one oxidizable substance OX2 and RED1 respectively, which are linked with one another via a bridge member, and is outstandingly suitable for use in an electrochromic device.

Abstract: Electrochromic display devices, whose plates having conductive coatings are subdivided into segments which are electrically separated from one another, can be contacted individually and, between the plates, contain a solvent, specific electrochromic substances and optionally conductive salts, are distinguished by excellent edge definition and high contrast.

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrochrome system comprising a mixture of reducible and oxidizable substances RED1 and OX2, at lest one RED1′-OX2′ pair being covalently interlinked via a bridge and, for at least one RED1″ or OX2″ substance, the reciprocal conversion of the oxidized form and the reduced form being brought about by the fracture or formation of a &sgr;-bond. The electrochrome system is characterized by simplified electron transfer and reduced secondary reactions.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical method which permits, with the aid of 6 simple measurements, a conclusion regarding the suitability of antennas (groups which can absorb electromagnetic radiation) for incorporation into photoaddressable polymers.