Abstract: A coating system that reduces parasitic currents that may cause crazing in coatings on a substrate. In one example, the system includes a pair of low impedance shunt paths to ground for parasitic AC currents generated from the plasma in the chamber. The low impedance shunts may be provided through a balanced triaxial connection between a power supply of each chamber and the magnetrons of each chamber. In another example, potential differences between adjacent chambers are minimized through synchronized power supply signals between chambers.

Abstract: A modular door drive control system for subjecting electrical drive motors to open-loop control and/or closed-loop control to open and close doors or door leaves in different applications includes at least one motor control unit, and a plurality of peripheral adaptation units for adapting the motor control unit or a plurality of the motor control units to match one of the different applications, where the motor control unit or a plurality of the motor control units are selectively connectable to each of the peripheral adaptation units to transmit electrical power for the drive motor, which is respectively connected to the motor control unit, via a common intermediate circuit such that door drive controllers for different applications can be realized with the aid of a modular door drive control system of this kind, without a relatively high level of expenditure on adaptation.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus are disclosed for reducing crazing in thin film stacks deposited on large area substrates such as glass, for instance architectural glass. Crazing can occur once a conductor-insulator-conductor series of films have been deposited, thereby effectively forming a capacitor, and where the substrate spans multiple deposition chambers such the coupling between chambers can cause the effective capacitor voltage to breakdown the insulator layer between the two conductor layers. The resulting crazing can be reduced if not eliminated through the grounding of outputs of an AC power supply that assists in deposition of one of the conductor layers. The grounding is via rectified channels, such as diodes, or series of diodes such that the outputs of the AC power supply are precluded from falling below ground potential.

Abstract: A modular door drive control system for subjecting electrical drive motors to open-loop control and/or closed-loop control to open and close doors or door leaves in different applications includes at least one motor control unit, and a plurality of peripheral adaptation units for adapting the motor control unit or a plurality of the motor control units to match one of the different applications, where the motor control unit or a plurality of the motor control units are selectively connectable to each of the peripheral adaptation units to transmit electrical power for the drive motor, which is respectively connected to the motor control unit, via a common intermediate circuit such that door drive controllers for different applications can be realized with the aid of a modular door drive control system of this kind, without a relatively high level of expenditure on adaptation.

Abstract: A shaft door device and a cab door device are included in an elevator system. The shaft door device has a shaft door and a shaft door closer, and the cab door device includes a cab door. The shaft door closer is operatively connected to the shaft door such that a closing force is exerted onto the shaft door. This provides an improved elevator system which allows a quick opening of the shaft door with an energy-efficient and compact door controlling device. This is achieved by including a compensator which can be operatively connected to the shaft door such that the compensator compensates for at least a part of the closing force acting on the shaft door at least in phases during the opening process of the shaft door.

Abstract: A method determines a force which acts via a drive wheel, which is fastened on a motor shaft of an electric motor or on an output shaft of a geared motor, on a component, which is coupled to the drive wheel directly in form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner. The electric motor is coupled electrically to a power amplifier, which is coupled to a power-supply unit via a connecting circuit. The force is determined using a voltage and a current which are determined in the connecting circuit. An apparatus implements the method.

Abstract: A device and a method determine the position of an object which can be moved in a linear manner. The device includes a contact unit which is coupled to the object such that the contact unit provides an angle signal (?) that is dependent on the position of the object. An angle detecting unit detects the angle signal (?) provided by the contact unit, and an evaluating unit evaluates the angle signal (?) detected by the angle detecting unit. The position of the object is ascertained using an evaluation function (a(X)) during the evaluation process, the evaluation function describing a dependence of the angle signal (?) on the position of the object.

Abstract: A device and a method determines the position of an object which can be moved in a linear manner. The device includes a contact unit coupled to the object such that the contact unit provides a force signal that is dependent on the position of the object; a force detecting unit for detecting the force signal provided by the contact unit; and an evaluating unit for evaluating the force signal detected by the force detecting unit. The position of the object is ascertained using an evaluation function during the evaluation process, the evaluation function describing a dependence of the force signal on the position of the object.

Abstract: A shaft door device and a cab door device are included in an elevator system. The shaft door device has a shaft door and a shaft door closer, and the cab door device includes a cab door. The shaft door closer is operatively connected to the shaft door such that a closing force is exerted onto the shaft door. This provides an improved elevator system which allows a quick opening of the shaft door with an energy-efficient and compact door controlling device. This is achieved by including a compensator which can be operatively connected to the shaft door such that the compensator compensates for at least a part of the closing force acting on the shaft door at least in phases during the opening process of the shaft door.

Abstract: An angular position transmitter determines the angular position of the rotor of a motor using at least one magnet indirectly or directly connected to the motor shaft and at least one magnetically sensitive storage unit having a plurality of storage cells arranged such that at least some of the storage cells are magnetized by the magnet. The storage cells are read, and the angular position is determined from a geometric position of the magnetized cells.

Abstract: A method determines a position of at least one element that can be moved by a drive belt of a drive unit. A system is made of such components. A program carries out the method. In order to determine an absolute position of the movable element in a simple manner, the drive belt is expanded over a measurement interval and a force required to do so is determined via an efficiency of the drive unit. An effective length of the drive belt is determined from the measurement interval and the force and from a modulus of elasticity and a cross-section. The position is determined from the effective length.

Abstract: A method determines a force which acts via a drive wheel, which is fastened on a motor shaft of an electric motor or on an output shaft of a geared motor, on a component, which is coupled to the drive wheel directly in form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner. The electric motor is coupled electrically to a power amplifier, which is coupled to a power-supply unit via a connecting circuit. The force is determined using a voltage and a current which are determined in the connecting circuit. An apparatus implements the method.

Abstract: A method controls a motor, especially for opening and closing a door. The motor is controlled by a pulse width-modulated switching signal that is divided into a specifiable number of pulse width-modulated control signals for actuating a bridge circuit to a corresponding number of functional channels. The functional channels are switched off independently from each other by at least one or more switch-off signals on at least one switching circuit of a number of independent switching circuits corresponding to the number of functional channels.

Abstract: An electrically commuted reversible synchronous motor is activated in a calibration journey using an externally forced rotating field, during which an electrical angle of a rotating field and a mechanical angle of the rotor are measured simultaneously at a reference position by an external sensor. These items are stored associated with one another as a measurement series of value pairs. The electrical angle of the rotating field and the mechanical angle of the rotor are also detected simultaneously after direction reversal of the rotating field. These are stored as a second measurement series of value pairs. The angle difference between the electrical angle and the mechanical angle are calculated from value pairs of both measurement series. The correction value for taking the actual incorrect angle into consideration is calculated from the two angle differences by averaging.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for automatically determining an effective mass of a door system that is driven by a motor and has at least one door. In this case a speed change accomplished during an acceleration movement is established, and a force variable, for example the motor current or an armature voltage, influencing the drive force of the motor is summed or integrated during the acceleration movement. The effective door mass is established from the sum or the integral of the force variable and the speed change, the summation or the integration of the force variable being performed over a number of operating system cycles of a control device assigned to the door system. Also described is a control device for automatically determining the effective door mass, having a memory for force variable profiles that is designed in such a way that mass can be established for different force variable profiles in the memory in conjunction with an unchanged program code.

Abstract: A method controls a motor, especially for opening and closing a door. The motor is controlled by a pulse width-modulated switching signal that is divided into a specifiable number of pulse width-modulated control signals for actuating a bridge circuit to a corresponding number of functional channels. The functional channels are switched off independently from each other by at least one or more switch-off signals on at least one switching circuit of a number of independent switching circuits corresponding to the number of functional channels.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention is a method and a device for controlling a rotating field machine having several phase windings, which can be controlled by means of pulse width modulation, wherein a pulse width modulation controller is adapted in such a way that an individual winding of the phase windings of the rotating field machine is energized at a specifiable sampling time.

Abstract: A method ascertains a correction value for the angle of the rotor of an electrically commuted reversible synchronous motor relative to a sensor used for the activation thereof. In order to equalize the sensor and recognize and correct electrical incorrect angles and incorrect controls, the motor is activated in a calibration journey using an externally forced rotating field. The electrical angle of the rotating field and the mechanical angle of the rotor are measured simultaneously by the external sensor on at least one reference position during the calibration journey and stored associated with one another as a measurement series of value pairs. The electrical angle of the rotating field and the mechanical angle of the rotor, which is measured by the sensor, are also detected simultaneously after direction reversal of the rotating field. These are stored associated with one another as a second measurement series of value pairs.

Abstract: There is described a method and an apparatus for pulse width modulation with a predefined switching period having an adjustable ratio of the switch-on duration to the switch-off duration, in which a quantized signal is converted into a pulse-width-modulated signal and is generated in the form of a discrete pulse sequence of switch-on operations and switch-off operations with the predefined switching period, the switching edge for the switch-on duration and/or the switch-off duration being determined on the basis of the ratio of the switch-on duration to the switch-off duration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring a current that flows through a motor, in which a power switch that supplies the motor with electric energy is controlled by a control unit via a pulse width-modulation signal. The pulse width-modulation signal comprises a cycle of operation and the motor current is determined in a feeder to the power switch or a feeder to the motor. Since exactly one measured value representing the motor current is sampled in each cycle of operation, this permits the provision of a method for measuring the motor current, which determines the motor current in a more rapid, more cost-effective manner than in prior art. The method is used for the motor control of direct current motors.