Abstract: A method for correcting layout errors of a layout, for example layout errors of a layout of an electronic circuit, is disclosed. In order to be able to correct such layout errors with the least possible complexity, the layout (10) is examined for the presence of layout errors (20, 30) with the aid of predetermined design rules, identical layout errors (20, 30) are combined in a respective error class, and all layout errors (30) of an error class that are still present are automatically corrected without further checking in an identical manner as soon as the correction of a layout error (20) of the respective error class that is used as an error representative has been performed.

Abstract: A process for making technical oleic acid methyl esters having a stearic acid methyl ester content of less than about 2% by weight, and a palmitic acid methyl ester content of less than about 5%, comprising: (a) providing a C8-18 palm kernel oil fatty acid methyl ester; (b) fractionally distilling said C8-18 palm kernel oil fatty acid methyl ester to form a C8-14 head product and a C16-18 bottom product; (c) fractionally distilling the C16-18 bottom product to form a short-chain C16 head product and a long-chain and unsaturated C18 bottom product; (d) fractionally distilling the long-chain and unsaturated C18 bottom product to form a predominantly unsaturated head product having a high palmitic acid methyl ester content and a predominantly unsaturated bottom product have a minimal palmitic acid methyl ester content; and (e) fractionally distilling the predominantly unsaturated bottom product have a minimal palmitic acid methyl ester content to form a head product rich in oleic acid methyl ester and poor in st

Abstract: A data processing system includes a data memory, in which data are stored, the data representing a set of predetermined geometrical basic forms and a set of geometrical operations that can be applied to the basic forms. The basic forms form place markers for electronic components in the layout. In other words, each component is represented by a geometrical basic form or a combination of a plurality of geometrical basic forms. The basic forms can be altered during the layout design by application of the geometrical operations. Such alteration creates a large margin of freedom in the design. On the other hand, the unaltered original basic forms are examined for verification of the layout design. As a result, the verification is simplified and “dummy” errors that are often a consequence of the complexity of a design are avoided. A method for designing the layout with the system is also provided.

Abstract: The fuel supply apparatus for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine has a fuel tank (2), a first fuel pump (6) that supplies fuel from the fuel tank to a fuel line (10), a second fuel pump (12) that supplies fuel from the fuel line (10) via a pressurized line to at least one fuel valve (16) and a fuel return line (22) that connects the fuel line (10) to the fuel tank for return of excess fuel. A shut off valve (30), which is closed at high temperatures, and a pressure regulator valve (26) are arranged hydraulically in series in the fuel return line (22). A fuel scavenger line (60) is provided, by which fuel at high temperatures is returned to the fuel tank (2). The fuel scavenger line (60) conducts the fuel back to the fuel tank (2), at least partially through the second fuel pump (12) and through a hydraulic resistance. Gas bubble formation is prevented by a high fuel supply pressure and by transfer of heat from the second fuel pump (12).

Abstract: A fuel system serves to supply fuel to an internal combustion engine includes a reservoir and a first fuel pump whose input is connected to the reservoir and a second fuel pump whose input is connected to the first fuel pump. At least one injection valve is connected to the second fuel pump and can supply fuel at least indirectly to a combustion chamber. A leakage line is provided between the second fuel pump and the reservoir. In order to permit a reliable hot start of the engine with a simultaneously low strain on the components, the leakage line is provided with a valve device which has a shutoff function and a pressure relief function that are connected in parallel with each other.

Abstract: In a method of treating substrates a treatment fluid is fed into a collection vessel after treatment, at least a portion of the treatment fluid is withdrawn from the collection vessel and returned to respective reservoir and the collection vessel is rinsed before receiving another treatment fluid.

Abstract: A pressure control valve serves to regulate the fuel pressure in a fuel system. The pressure control valve includes a valve housing, at least one inlet, at least one outlet, and at least one prestressed, electrically actuatable, and at least regionally ball-shaped valve member. The valve member cooperates with a valve seat structurally connected to the housing. To make it possible to achieve stable closed- and/or open-loop control properties of the pressure control valve, it is proposed that the valve seat widen conically toward the valve member, and the ball diameter of the valve member is selected such that with the valve closed, the valve member touches the valve seat in the vicinity of its farther end.

Abstract: The process for making crystals of a 11&bgr;-benzaldoxim-estra-4,9-diene derivative having a predetermined average particle size in a predetermined size range and a maximum particle size that does not exceed a predetermined maximum value, includes subjecting a supersaturated solution containing a special 11&bgr;-benzaldoxim-estra-4,9-diene derivative of formula (I) to a wet milling by a wet milling apparatus while crystallizing, in order to obtain a primary particle suspension. Crystals obtained according to this process and pharmaceutical preparations containing them are also described.

Abstract: A high-pressure fuel pump which is suitable above all for use in internal combustion engines with direct gasoline injection, in which the pressure surge upon opening of a check valve between the high-pressure line and the pumping chamber of the fuel feed pump is limited by structural provisions.

Abstract: The process for making steroid crystals having a predetermined average particle size in a predetermined size range and a maximum particle size that does not exceed a predetermined maximum value, includes subjecting a supersaturated solution containing a steroid to a wet milling by a wet milling apparatus while crystallizing, in order to obtain a primary particle suspension. Crystals obtained according to this process and pharmaceutical preparations containing them are also described.

Abstract: The process for making crystals of a medicinally effective ingredient having a predetermined average particle size in a predetermined size range and a maximum particle size that does not exceed a predetermined maximum value, includes subjecting a supersaturated solution containing the medicinally effective ingredient to a wet milling by a wet milling apparatus while crystallizing, in order to obtain a primary particle suspension. Crystals obtained according to this process and pharmaceutical preparations containing them are also described.

Abstract: The process for making crystals of an adjuvant substance for pharmaceutical compositions, which have a predetermined average particle size in a predetermined size range and a maximum particle size that does not exceed a predetermined maximum value, includes subjecting a supersaturated solution containing the adjuvant substance to a wet milling by a wet milling apparatus while crystallizing, in order to obtain a primary particle suspension. Crystals obtained according to this process and pharmaceutical preparations containing them are also described.

Abstract: A method for cooling a fuel injection system and fuel injection systems are proposed that improve the hot-starting performance of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A fuel system (10) serves to supply fuel (18) to an internal combustion engine. The fuel system includes a reservoir (16) and a first fuel pump (20) whose input is connected to the reservoir (16). In addition, a second fuel pump (38) is provided, whose input is connected to the first fuel pump (20). Furthermore, at least one injection valve (50) is provided, which is connected to the second fuel pump (38) and can supply fuel at least indirectly to a combustion chamber. A leakage line (68) is provided between the second fuel pump (38) and the reservoir (16). In order to permit a reliable hot start of the engine with a simultaneously low strain on the components, the invention proposes that the leakage line (68) be provided with a valve device (70), which has a shutoff function (72) and a pressure relief function (74) that are connected in parallel with each other.

Abstract: A fuel system for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine includes a storage tank and a first fuel pump, which is connected on the input side to the storage tank. A second fuel pump is connected on the input side to the first fuel pump via a fuel connection. The system also includes a pressure adjusting device for the output side of the second fuel pump and a pressure damping device disposed in the fuel connection between the first fuel pump and the second fuel pump. Cost of the system is reduced by a flow inhibitor, which only permits a flow in the direction of the second fuel pump, disposed in the fuel connection between the first fuel pump and the second fuel pump, close to the second fuel pump and upstream of an inlet of the pressure adjusting device in terms of the flow direction.

Abstract: A method for cooling a fuel injection system and fuel injection systems are proposed that improve the hot-starting performance of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A pressure control valve serves to regulate the fuel pressure in a fuel system. The pressure control valve includes a valve housing, at least one inlet, at least one outlet, and at least one prestressed, electrically actuatable, and at least regionally ball-shaped valve member. The valve member cooperates with a valve seat structurally connected to the housing. To make it possible to achieve stable closed- and/or open-loop control properties of the pressure control valve, it is proposed that the valve seat widen conically toward the valve member, and the ball diameter of the valve member is selected such that with the valve closed, the valve member touches the valve seat in the vicinity of its farther end.

Abstract: The fuel supply apparatus for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine has a fuel tank (2), a first fuel pump (6) that supplies fuel from the fuel tank to a fuel line (10), a second fuel pump (12) that supplies fuel from the fuel line (10) via a pressurized line to at least one fuel valve (16) and a fuel return line (22) that connects the fuel line (10) to the fuel tank for return of excess fuel. A shut off valve (30), which is closed at high temperatures, and a pressure regulator valve (26) are arranged hydraulically in series in the fuel return line (22). A fuel scavenger line (60) is provided, by which fuel at high temperatures is returned to the fuel tank (2). The fuel scavenger line (60) conducts the fuel back to the fuel tank (2), at least partially through the second fuel pump (12) and through a hydraulic resistance. Gas bubble formation is prevented by a high fuel supply pressure and by transfer of heat from the second fuel pump (12).

Abstract: A starter circuit for a motor vehicle includes a circuit breaker responsive to a crash senor for disconnecting the starter circuit. A bypass switch is provided, which responds to a control circuit to provide power to the starter circuit following activation of the breaker, if the starter circuit is free of short circuits.

Abstract: A high-pressure fuel pump which is suitable above all for use in internal combustion engines with direct gasoline injection, in which the pressure surge upon opening of a check valve between the high-pressure line and the pumping chamber of the fuel feed pump is limited by structural provisions.