Abstract: An ultrasonic detection sensor having an integrated structure and formed of a substrate such as used for thick film circuits on which is secured at least one ultrasonic transducer formed of a film packet having n piezo ceramic films and n+1 plastic films. One outermost plastic film layer is secured to the substrate, serving as a backing for the transducer, and a thick film electrical circuit is formed on the same substrate.

Abstract: The reception signals of sensor microphones employed in arc welding which pick up ultrasound radiation emanating from the welding arc 5 are checked for their cross-correlation with one another and the follow-up quantity is identified from the value of the cross-correlation. Apart from the microphones to be applied, this requires no modification and/or special design of the actual arc welding apparatus.

Abstract: A method for evaluating echo signals transmitted and received by an ultrasonic transducer in a sensor of a movable mechanical element, such as an arm of an industrial robot, has the steps of receiving and storing the arriving echo signals in chronological sequence in a memory, the chronological sequence of the signal being converted into a corresponding sequence of memory positions, with successive sequences of echo signals of successive transmit pulses being stored in the same sequences of the memory positions. Integration of the echo signals of the successive sequences stored in the memory positions are undertaken such that the local shift of the ultrasonic transducer disposed on the moveable element which occurs between respective transmit pulses is compensated relative to chronologically adjacent pulses and the pulses reflected from a target are more easily identified.

Abstract: An electrically actuated positioning element system utilizes a positioning element formed of piezo-electrical bodies each formed of a plurality of lamellae having electrodes. The lamellae have a length substantially greater than their thickness and upon application of an electrical voltage with a field direction which promotes a polarization of the material of the lamellae, the body is shortened. The two bodies are connected to one another at one end by a cross arm and at the other end the one body end is active and free to move relative to the other body end such that a resultant relative motion occurring between the two body ends may be utilized. Preferably a connection is provided for absorbing a lateral thrust of the bodies. The two piezo-electrical bodies are each electrically connected to one another for reverse-phase operation such that one contracts while the other is in a lengthened condition and vice versa.

Abstract: A device for measuring a differential flow rate between a foward flow to a user station and a return flow from the user station, particularly well-suited for measuring fuel consumption in motor vehicles with a fuel return line extending between the carburetor or the injection pump and the fuel tank, includes a flow measuring chamber having an ultrasonic measuring arrangement. The flow measuring chamber is comprised of a forward flow tube portion and a return flow tube portion interconnected with one another along an ultrasonic wave path. Within the ultrasonic wave path, there is contained a partitioned wall means, permeable to ultrasonics, which serves to prevent flow communication between the two tube portions. First and second ultrasonic transducers are positioned at opposed ends of the ultrasonic wave path, the first transducer being formed on the forward tube portion and the second transducer being formed on the return tube portion.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for a piezoelectric positioning element is formed of a series connection of a capacitive element, an inductance, and first switch to be controlled, said series circuit being connected across at least one piezoelectric body of the positioning element. The capacitive element, which may be another piezoelectric body of the same positioning element but which is operated in reverse phase, has at least approximately the same capacitance value as a capacitance of the first piezo-electrical body. The inductance is dimensioned sufficiently large in order to magnetically intermediately store substantially an entire energy increment to be transferred between the positioning element and the capacitive element. The first switch is connected to permit termination of a charge transfer. A series circuit is formed of an electrical energy source for charging and recharging and a second switch, said series circuit being connected parallel to the positioning element or the capacitive element.

Abstract: A trigger device for electronic switches operating according to piezo-electric principles and having galvanic decoupling between the input control electronics and the controlled electronics switch has a piezo-ignition coupler which is a lamina of piezo-ceramic material having at least two spaced electrodes on one surface thereof and at least two counter electrodes in registry therewith on an opposite side thereof. The respective electrodes in registry form electrode pairs and one pair of electrodes is connected to the control electronics and another pair of electrodes is connected to the trigger electrode of the electronic switch. The lamina has a shape displaying an axis with more than two-fold rotational symmetry and the dimensions of the lamina are selected such that the frequency of an alternating signal supplied to the lamina is matched to the resonant frequency of the lamina at a value between 20 kHz and 500 kHz for inducing a mode of vibration according to the principle of radial oscillation.

Abstract: A pressure sensor for an internal combustion engine has a piezoceramic transducer in an operating connection, by way of a plunger, with a membrane, the sensor being secured in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with the membrane located within a cylinder. The pressure sensor serves for detecting knock and ping.

Abstract: A transducer is provided for a flow meter wherein the transducer has an interdigital structure of a polarization structure and/or of electrodes for the purpose of direct ultrasonic radiation at an angle .alpha., which is specifiable and electrically controllable, and wherein disturbances of a flow profile by the installed transducer are avoided.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for indicating when a flow heater used for vaporization of water and heated by PTC resistors as heating elements therein must be decalcified. Within the flow heater a PTC resistor element is located at a water entry and also at a water exit region. A main PTC heater element is also provided between the entry and exit elements. Separate power supply lines are run to the exit and entry heating elements and an electronic circuit is provided which determines when a difference in current flow in the exit heating element compared to the entry heating element exceeds a given value indicative of the need for decalcification. The circuit connects with an indicator which is triggered when decalcification is required.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement is disclosed which is suitable for ultrasonic-presence motion detection in which an ultrasonic transducer is provided as a transmitter and an ultrasonic transducer is provided as a receiver. An oscillator produces an ac voltage for the transmitting transducer, a gate circuit is provided in order to chronologically control the feeding of wave forms of the oscillator to the transmitting transducer, and a receiver circuit is provided which is connected to a receiving transducer and which obtains a received signal from the receiving transducer. An evaluation circuit is also provided. The receiver circuit has a phase discriminator in order to recognize the value of a phase displacement between the ac voltage of the oscillator and the respective received signal.