Abstract: A medium heavy alloy (MHA) and a fabrication method thereof are disclosed. The MHA includes a composition designed and processed such that the MHA has properties comprising a tensile strength of about 1527 MPa, a proof strength of about 1337 MPa, and an impact toughness of about 180 J, when the MHA is forged, and the tensile strength of about 1746 MPa, the proof strength of about 1571 MPa, and the impact toughness of about 55 J, when the MHA is agedly treated. The method includes providing a composition designed according to design specifications of the MHA; forming a cast alloy from the composition by a metallurgy process; and forged the cast alloy at a first temperature to form the MHA having properties that are the design specifications.

Abstract: Methods for making nanocomposites are provided. In an embodiment, such a method comprises combining a first type of nanostructure with a bulk material in water or an aqueous solution, the first type of nanostructure functionalized with a functional group capable of undergoing van der Waals interactions with the bulk material, whereby the first type of nanostructure induces exfoliation of the bulk material to provide a second, different type of nanostructure while inducing association between the first and second types of nanostructures to form the nanocomposite.

Abstract: Method for fabricating a microchip are provided which may comprise forming a dopant mask layer on a front side surface of a silicon substrate having the front side surface and an opposing back side surface; removing a portion of the dopant mask layer according to a pattern to form a first exposed silicon region in the silicon substrate and a first unexposed silicon region in the silicon substrate; doping the first exposed silicon region in the silicon substrate with a p-type dopant to form a first p-type doped silicon region in the silicon substrate; forming a silicon nitride layer on the front side surface of the silicon substrate comprising the first p-type doped silicon region and the first unexposed silicon region; and forming an opening in the silicon substrate from the opposing back side surface of the silicon substrate to provide a microchip comprising the silicon substrate having the opening, a first silicon nitride window positioned within the opening, and a support structure mounted to the first sil

Abstract: A novel medium heavy alloy (MHA) a composition designed and processed such that the MHA has properties comprising a tensile strength of about 1527 MPa, a proof strength of about 1337 MPa, and an impact toughness of about 180 J, when the MHA is forged, and the tensile strength of about 1746 MPa, the proof strength of about 1571 MPa, and the impact toughness of about 55 J, when the MHA is agedly treated. The superior strength-toughness is attributed to the face-centered cubic matrix and/or the nano-sized secondary phases. The superior dynamic performance is attributed to the widening of adiabatic shear bands.

Abstract: Provided herein are surgical materials detectable by multiple imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT). In some embodiments, provided herein are surgical materials comprising bismuth nanoparticles and/or iron oxide nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method of forming a nanoparticle can include admixing an aqueous solution into an oil-phase to thereby form an emulsion of droplets of the aqueous solution in the oil phase, the aqueous solution comprising a nanostructure precursor and a polymer, adding a silane precursor and catalyst to form a silica shell around each of the droplets to nanoreactors; annealing at a first temperature below the decomposition temperature of the polymer to aggregate the nanostructure precursor within the nanoreactor; and annealing at a second temperature above the decomposition temperature of the polymer to convert the aggregated nanostructure precursor to the nanostructure and decompose the polymer.

Abstract: Magnetic nanoparticle coated porous materials for recovering a contaminant from contaminated water are provided. In embodiments, such a material comprises a porous substrate having a solid matrix defining a plurality of pores distributed through the solid matrix and further comprising a coating comprising magnetic nanoparticles on surfaces of the solid matrix.

Abstract: Methods for making nanocomposites are provided. In an embodiment, such a method comprises combining a first type of nanostructure with a bulk material in water or an aqueous solution, the first type of nanostructure functionalized with a functional group capable of undergoing van der Waals interactions with the bulk material, whereby the first type of nanostructure induces exfoliation of the bulk material to provide a second, different type of nanostructure while inducing association between the first and second types of nanostructures to form the nanocomposite.

Abstract: A method of forming a halide perovskite nanocrystal array having a plurality of halide perovskite nanocrystals arranged in a pattern can include coating an array of pens with a first ink comprising at least one first perovskite precursor having the formula AX and at least one second perovskite precursor having the formula BX?2 dissolved in a solvent. A is a cation, B is a metal, and X and X? are each a halogen. The method further includes contacting a substrate with the coated pen array to thereby deposit the first ink indias a pattern of printed indicia on the substrate. The printed indicia form nanoreactors on the substrate and a halide perovskite nanocrystal nucleates and grows within each nanoreactor to form the halide perovskite nanocrystal array.

Abstract: Provided herein are nanoparticle-lipid composite carriers as theranostic agents, particularly for diagnosis and/or treatment of cancers and related diseases and conditions. In particular embodiments, the carrier composites comprise a lipid core and an outer shell of functionalized nanoparticles (fNPs).

Abstract: A system to generate orientation maps includes a measurement system configured to capture a plurality images of a sample and a computing device in operable communication with the measurement system. The computing device is configured to align the plurality of images of the sample and process the aligned plurality of images to detect one or more regions of interest. The computing device is also configured to generate one or more electron channeling patterns (ECPs) corresponding to the sample based on the one or more regions of interest. The computing device is further configured to generate an orientation map of the sample based on the one or more ECPs.

Abstract: An ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) includes a composition designed and processed such that the UHSS has properties comprising a tensile strength of about 2020 MPa, a yield strength of about 1781 MPa and a fracture toughness of about 105 MPa·m1/2. The composition incudes Co no more than 8 wt % of the UHSS. The excellent mechanical performance of the UHSS is achieved by nanoscale ?-NiAl and M2C precipitates. The strength and toughness of the UHSS are comparable to those of the commercially used Aermet100 and M54 steels, while the cost of the UHSS is extremely low because of low Ni—Co concentration. This notable cost advantage makes the novel UHSS very competitive for potentially broad applications as structural components in the field of aerospace.

Abstract: A novel medium heavy alloy (MHA) a composition designed and processed such that the MHA has properties comprising a tensile strength of about 1527 MPa, a proof strength of about 1337 MPa, and an impact toughness of about 180 J, when the MHA is forged, and the tensile strength of about 1746 MPa, the proof strength of about 1571 MPa, and the impact toughness of about 55 J, when the MHA is agedly treated. The superior strength-toughness is attributed to the face-centered cubic matrix and/or the nano-sized secondary phases. The superior dynamic performance is attributed to the widening of adiabatic shear bands.

Abstract: Provided is a Li+battery comprising an anode comprising an anode active material comprising a plurality of transition metal (TM1)-substituted binary transition metal (TM2) oxide nanocrystals, a cathode in electrical communication with the anode, a separator between the anode and the cathode, and an electrolyte in contact with the anode and the cathode. The anode active material, in a lithiated state, is characterized by a three-dimensional network of the TM1 and nanoparticles of Li2O and nanoparticles of the TM2, both types of nanoparticles distributed throughout the network. In a delithiated state, the anode active material is characterized by the network of the TM1 and nanoparticles of an oxide of the TM1 and nanoparticles of an oxide of the TM2, both types of nanoparticles distributed throughout the network. The TM1-substituted binary TM2 oxide may be characterized by a ratio of TM2/TM1 of at least about 5.

Abstract: Oleophilic-hydrophobic-magnetic (OHM) porous materials are provided. In embodiments, an OHM porous material comprises a porous substrate having a solid matrix defining a plurality of pores distributed through the solid matrix, the OHM porous material further comprising a coating of a nanocomposite on surfaces of the solid matrix. The nanocomposite comprises a multilayer stack of a plurality of layers of a two-dimensional, layered material having nucleation sites interleaved between a plurality of layers of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein individual layers of magnetic nanoparticles in the plurality of layers of magnetic nanoparticles are each directly anchored on a surface of a layer of the plurality of layers of the two-dimensional, layered material via the nucleation sites, and are each separated by multiple layers of the plurality of layers of the two-dimensional, layered material. Methods of making and using the OHM porous materials are also provided.

Abstract: Superparamagnetic nanocomposites are provided. In an embodiment, a superparamagnetic nanocomposite comprises a superparamagnetic core comprising a first, soft superparamagnetic ferrite and a superparamagnetic shell comprising a second, soft superparamagnetic ferrite, the shell formed over the core, wherein the first and second soft superparamagnetic ferrites are different compounds and have different magnetocrystalline anisotropies.

Abstract: Provided herein are core-shell heterostructures design comprising a metal (e.g., noble metal) nanoparticle core and a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) shell, and methods of preparation and use thereof. In particular embodiments, the core-shell heterostructures described herein are synthesized by direct growth of a monolayer or multilayer fullerene-like TMD shell on a metal (e.g., noble metal) nanoparticle core, exhibit unique Raman scattering and photoluminescence characteristics, and are useful, for example, in plasmonic hot electron enhanced optics and optoelectronics.

Abstract: Methods of forming a nanocomposite of a base material and a plurality of nanoparticles are provided. In embodiments, the method comprises combining a first input stream of flowing fluid comprising a base material having nucleation sites, a second input stream of flowing fluid comprising a nanoparticle precursor material, and a third input stream of flowing fluid comprising a nanoparticle nucleation agent, to form an output stream of flowing fluid; heating or sonicating or both heating and sonicating the output stream for a period of time; and collecting a nanocomposite formed within the fluid of the output stream, the nanocomposite comprising the base material and a plurality of nanoparticles directly anchored onto a surface of the base material via the nucleation sites. The nanocomposites are also provided.

Abstract: Functionalized substrates are provided comprising a substrate and a plurality of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures on a surface of the substrate, each TMD heterostructure comprising a TMD shell over a heterogeneous nucleation site, thereby providing a core-shell heterostructure, the heterogeneous nucleation site composed of a heterogeneous nucleation material; and a TMD wing extending outwardly from the core-shell heterostructure and non-parallel to and above the substrate surface. Electrocatalytic systems comprising the functionalized substrates are also provided.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure involve applying a Multi-Objective Autonomous Dynamic Sampling algorithm in an electron or other radiation/charged-particle microscope for the characterization of elemental, chemical, and crystallographic information with over an order of magnitude improvement in time and exposure.